The magnetic  gelatin-polyvinylalcohol hydrogel  was prepared using K2S2O8 in aqueous media in the  presence  of  N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide,  and Fe3O4 nanoparticles.  The magnetic  gelatinpolyvinylalcohol (Fe3O4/PVA-gelatin) hydrogel was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and EDX. Also, magnetic  characterization  of  the  synthesized Fe3O4/PVA-gelatin  hydrogel  was  specified  by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Then, the loading and release of the furosemide drug wereinvestigated  using  magnetic gelatin-polyvinylalcohol  hydrogel. The  FT-IR  results  confirmed  the formation of gelatin-polyvinyl alcohol magnetic hydrogel. The effects of temperature and pH on the loading and release of furosemide drug in gelatin-polyvinylalcohol magnetic hydrogel were studied. The gelatin-PVA magnetic hydrogel is sensitive to pH and temperature and provides the controlled release of furosemide. The results showed that the highest loading of the drug was achieved at room temperature after 6 hours. Also, the highest drug release was observed after 4 hours at 40 °C in pH = 7.

In this study, the reactive batch distillation of ethylene glycol monoacetate (EGMA) and ethylene glycol  diacetate  (EGDA)  was  investigated  experimentally  and  numerically  via  the  esterification reaction  of  acetic  acid  (AA)  and  monoethylene  glycol  (MEG)  in  the  presence  of  heterogeneous titanium  (IV)  isopropoxide  catalyst.  Four  operating  parameters,  including  time  (4-12  hr), temperature (60-100°C), the molar ratio of acetic acid to ethylene glycol (0.4-2.2 M), and catalyst weight (1-5wt%), were selected to design experiments, model and optimize the process through the response surface methodology (RSM). By applying the central composite design (CCD) method in RSM, two linear and second-order models were proposed for the responses of MEG conversion and EGD selectivity. The response surface plots showed that the reaction temperature and time had a more  significant  effect  on  increasing  the  reaction  yield,  while  the  molar  ratio  of  reactants  and catalyst  weight  were  two  critical  parameters  in  increasing  selectivity.  The  results  of  process optimization to maximize the responses indicated that the optimum process point in the operating range was at 9.5 hr, the temperature of 90°C, the molar ratio of 2.92:1, and catalyst weight of 2wt% where  the  predicted MEG  conversion  and  selectivity  were  100%  and  94.72%,  respectively. The MEG conversion reduced from 91.1% to 56.7% after using the catalyst four times.

In this work, two novel N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAA)/Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/WS2 and NIPAA/N, Ndimethyl acrylamide (DMAA)/WS2/βCD nanocarriers were prepared for in vitro tamoxifen drug release in the absence and presence of Near-Infrared (NIR) laser. The characterization of resulting nanocarriers was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field-emission scanning  electron  microscopy  (FE-SEM), and  thermogravimetric  analysis  (TGA).  To  study  the  effect  of temperature on drug release for chemotherapy, tamoxifen drug release was comparatively evaluated at three different  temperatures  (25,  37, and  50°C)  with  pH  7.4  in  the  absence  of a NIR  laser.  It  was  found  that tamoxifen release from  the  synthesized  nanocarriers at  50°C  was  significantly  greater than that  at  25  and 37°C. To investigate the effect of laser light on drug release for chemo-photothermal therapy, the in vitro release tests were carried out at 37°C with a NIR laser light and with a power density of 1 W/cm2for 5 min. The  increase  of  tamoxifen  release  after a laser  light  was  29.8%  and  48.4%for  NIPAA/βCD/WS2  and NIPAA/DMAA/βCD/WS2 samples, respectively. Thus, the combination of chemo/photothermal therapy had a  synergistic  effect  on  the  drug  release  of  tamoxifen.  Furthermore,  the  total  drug  release  of NIPAA/DMAA/βCD/WS2 was greater than that of NIPAA/βCD/WS2 nanocarrier. Furthermore, the kinetic release data were analyzed using Zero-order, First-order, Ritger-Peppas, and Higuchi models which followed the  zero-order  kinetic  release  model.  Also,  good  stability  was  observed  for  tamoxifen  in  the  drug  release system.

The heat treatment of the graphene oxide/ thiourea mixture was done by the tube furnace equipped with  an  argon  inlet.  The  graphene  oxide/  thiourea  sample  was  characterized  by  UV–visible spectrometry,  Thermogravimetric  analysis,  Fourier  transform  infrared  spectroscopy  and  X-ray photoelectron  spectroscopy.  The  UV–vis  absorption  spectra of graphene  oxide  was  shown the characteristic  absorbance  of  graphene  oxide,  and  the  Fourier  transform  infrared  spectra  showed carboxylic  acid  group  and  thiocyanate  on  the  surface  of  graphene  oxide/thiourea.  The deconvolution  of  X-ray  photoelectron  spectra  showed  the  sulfur  and  nitrogen  on  the  surface  of graphene  oxide.  The  peak  area,  the  percent  of  carbon,  oxygen,  nitrogen,  and  sulfur  of  modified graphene  oxide  based  on  Scofield’s  relative  sensitivity  factor  (RSF),  was  73,  16,  7,  and  4, respectively.  The  fluorescence  measurements  of the  modified  graphene  oxide  suspension  in  the different  pH  were  investigated.  The  alkaline  solution  showed  the  most  emission  intensity.  The sample  was  shown  good  interaction  with  uric  acid  in  the  alkaline  solution  compared  to  other substances, including thiamin, nicotinamide, urea, ascorbic acid, glucose, and lauric acid, based on fluorescence spectroscopy.

An  efficient,  rapid,  and  eco-friendly  protocol  for  one-pot,  four-component  preparation  of dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole and pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives has been developed using vitamin D as an efficient catalyst. This method involves several advantages such as low-cost and non-toxic catalysts, high yields of products, simple workup, no hazardous solvent, and no need forcolumn chromatography.

2-Hydroxy  pyridine  undergoes  a  smooth  reaction  with  electron-deficient  acetylenic  esters  in  the presence  of  N-isocyaniminotriphenyl  phosphorane  under  reflux  conditions  to  produce  the heterocyclic  acrylate  compounds  in  high  yields.  The  acrylate  structures  with  E/Z  isomers  were obtained  when  the  reaction  was  performed  with  4-Hydroxy pyridine  and  4-Hydroxy quinazoline, the  acrylate  structures  with  E/Z  isomers  were obtained.  All  compounds  have many applications in medicinal  and  industrial  chemistry—configuration  of  E/Z  isomers  distinguished  with  nuclear magnetic resonance technique and chemical shift of olefinic proton. The method offers a simple and efficient  route  for  preparing  acrylate  heterocyclic  compared  to  the  other  methodologies.  The structures of the products were deduced and supported by 1HNMR and IR spectroscopy.