نشریه ارمغان دانش
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 6 (پیاپی 155، بهمن و اسفند 1401)

The creation and continuation of a wound resulting from surgery can cause various complications, including pain, swelling, inflammation, infection, dysfunction, delay in the treatment process, and lack of beauty. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of low-power laser treatment on complications after crown lengthening surgery.

The present double-blind clinical trial study was conducted in 2020-2021 on 12 patients who needed crown lengthening surgery on two premolar teeth on both sides of the jaw. Immediately after the surgery, and on the first and third day after the surgery, each volunteer randomly received laser radiation on one side of the jaw. On the other hand, radiation was not performed despite the placement of the device in the mouth. Tissue edema and tissue color were evaluated on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery. Pain intensity assessment was also done 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery. Data were analyzed using Kendall, Friedman and Mann-Whitney tests.

The improvement of tissue edema in the irradiated group was significant compared to the non-irradiated group during the first week (P=0.00), but the improvement in tissue color did not show a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.057). The difference in pain intensity 24, 48 and 72 hours after surgery was not significant among the groups (P=0.707, 0.812 and 0.974) and the improvement of pain intensity during consecutive days was not significant in the irradiated group (P=0.164).

In the present study, low-power laser did not have a significant effect on improving tissue color and reducing pain after crown lengthening surgery in the case group compared with the control group, but it was effective in improving tissue edema after surgery.

Intense sports activity, by creating oxidative stress, plays a role in causing some muscle damage and the spread of inflammation after the activity. On the other hand, it has been stated that oxidative stress tolerance can be done by stress proteins such as hemoxygenase. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the effect of intense endurance training on hemoxygenase-1 and TNF-α enzyme levels in the stomach and intestinal tissues of male Wistar rats.

In the present experimental study conducted in 2017, 16 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 2 groups (control and intense endurance training) after 10 familiarization sessions and weight lifting (mean and the standard deviation of the control group was 203.125 ± 8.18 and intense endurance training was 211.25 ± 7.9). The intense endurance training protocol included running on a treadmill for 8 weeks (5 sessions per week), water and standard food were freely provided to the samples. 48 hours after the last training session and 4-hour fasting, the mice were dissected and tissue samples were collected, and hemoxygenase-1 enzyme concentration and TNF-α level were measured using an ELISA kit. Collected data were analyzed using independent t-test.

The results indicated that intense endurance training had no significant effect on the level of hemoxygenase enzyme in the stomach tissue of rats (p=0.88). Moreover, the amount of hemoxygenase-1 enzyme in the intestinal tissue of mice did not change significantly (p=0.79). The amount of TNF-α in the stomach tissue of mice was not meaningfully different between the two groups (p=0.48). The amount of TNF-α in the intestinal tissue of the two groups was not significantly different (p=0.12).

Due to the non-change of TNF-α level, probably regular endurance sports training made the stomach and intestinal tissues safe from the destructive effects of intense endurance training by creating a beneficial adaptation in the antioxidant system. On the other hand, there is a possibility that the lack of significant changes in the inflammatory index in the present study could be related to the intensity of the exercise used. Correspondingly, if the intensity of sports activity is suitable for changes in inflammatory index levels, the lack of proper exercise by the samples of the present study was probably a factor in the absence of significant changes.

Due to the high prevalence of chronic non-specific back pain and its effects on daily activities and people's lifestyle, it is important to study about new treatment perspectives and therapeutic exercises for this disease. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and evaluate the effect of eight weeks of exercises. It was based on prayer movements on the amount of pain and endurance of trunk flexor and extensor muscles in patients with non-specific chronic back pain.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted in 2019. the research population included all patients with non-specific chronic back pain referred to Shahid Muftah Clinic No. 1 in Yasuj, Iran. Sixty-six eligible patients were selected by non-probability sampling method and were divided into two groups based on random block allocation: test (33 people) and control (33 people). Two participants from the intervention group refused to participate in the study during the implementation of the intervention. For the patients of the test group, exercises based on prayer movements were performed 3 times a week for 8 weeks, and no training was given to the control group. From the demographic data collection form and the Quebec back pain disability questionnaire, the visual pain measurement scale, the 60-degree body support test and the Byring Sorensen test to collect data before the intervention and immediately after the intervention from the visual measurement scale Pain, one week after the intervention, the body maintenance test at a 60-degree angle and Sorensen bearings were used. The collected data were analyzed using t-paired, Man-Whitney, independent t, Wilcoxon, chi-score and Shapiro-Wilk statistical tests.

At the starting point of the study, there was no significant difference between the groups under study in terms of the amount of pain and endurance of the trunk muscles, except for the endurance of the extensor muscles (p<0.05). After the completion of the research intervention, a significant decrease in the amount of pain and a significant increase in the endurance of the trunk muscles were observed (p<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, increasing the level of endurance of flexor muscles, trunk extensors and relieving pain and improving the level of performance in patients with non-specific chronic back pain, it can be said that exercises based on prayer movements had an effect on the level of pain and endurance of trunk muscles in patients. Suffering from non-specific chronic back pain, it was effective.

Autism Spectrum‌ Disorder‌ (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviors or restricted interests. The ability to communicate verbally is considered a positive prognostic indicator of outcomes for children with ASDs. One of the major problems in autism is the sensory processing deficit, and in particular the abnormalities of auditory processing. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the correlation between auditory processing ability and verbal output of children with autism spectrum disorder.

The present analytical descriptive correlation study was conducted in 2018. The statistical population of the research was children with autism aged 4 to 7 years from speech therapy centers in Tehran, and 40 qualified volunteers were included in the study. To collect related data, the following standard tests were used: the childhood autism rating scale for screening and diagnosing children with autism from the age group of two years and older which had 15 items, and Fisher's auditory problems checklist with 25 items. The collected data were analyzed using the Poisson regression test.

The results of the present study indicated that there was a correlation between auditory processing ability and verbal output of children with autism spectrum disorder who participated in this study (p=0.46). Moreover, considering different levels of auditory processing, between auditory processing ability and output Verbal correlation was observed only at the level of high auditory processing ability (p=0.43). [

The results of this study showed that the ability of auditory processing was an important factor for development of verbal output in children with ASD. Early screening and intervention of auditory processing impairments in these children can facilitate the rehabilitation programs.

Poisoning of children due to carelessness of parents is common. Half of these cases are unintentional and it is the fourth cause of death among children. The most common cause of children's poisoning is chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and household products that are made available to children due to carelessness. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and investigate the epidemiology of poisoning in children hospitalized in Imam Sajjad Teaching Hospital of Yasuj in 2018-2019.

The present descriptive study was conducted on 348 hospitalized children due to poisoning during 2018-2019. Patient information such as age, gender, cause of poisoning, place of residence and clinical symptoms of the patients were included in the questionnaires prepared for this purpose. The required information was extracted and frequency tables and statistical charts were drawn.

348 children with poisoning were examined. 193 cases (55.5%) were males and 155 cases (44.5%) were females. The median age was 3 years. 67% of fathers had a diploma or higher education and self-employment (73.3%), and 48.9% of mothers had a diploma and 91.4% were housewives. Medicines were most commonly being oral substances, and cosmetics were the least.

Due to children's sense of curiosity and their inability to recognize possible dangers in their surroundings, it causes them to suffer more accidental poisonings. Therefore, it is recommended to educate families through social media and virtual space, in order to properly store various materials, including; Chemicals and medicines can prevent such accidents to a great extent.

In recent years, the rate of antibiotic resistance has been increasing which has led to the limitation of ways to control hospital infections (especially surgical site infections) and accurate treatment options. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the frequency of plasmid-dependent quinolone resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli isolated from surgical site infections.

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 45 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli isolated from surgical site infections of patients hospitalized at Yasuj hospitals in 2018. After identifying the isolates, they were checked for resistance to quinolone drugs by diffusion method from agar disk. Then, quinolone resistant isolates were examined for the presence of qnrB, qnrA and qnrS genes using PCR method. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and SPSS version 25 software.

The highest rate of antibiotic resistance to Ciprofloxacin was 75.7%, and the rate of resistance to Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin were 73.3 and 62.2 percent, respectively; 24 (70.6%) isolates had at least one qnr gene, among these 24 isolates, 7 (20.6%) isolates contained qnrB gene, 4 (11.8%) isolates contained qnrA gene and 13 (2. 38 percent) isolates carried the qnrS gene. The results of the present study indicated the high prevalence of quinolone resistance due to plasmid (70.7%) among all isolates resistant to quinolones.

The final results of the present study indicated that the level of resistance to quinolone antibiotics in gram-negative bacteria isolated from surgical site infections had a high and significant prevalence, hence the use of appropriate treatment methods and correct and rational prescription antibiotics by physicians are correspondingly significant in their control.

Providing, establishing, understanding and maintaining organizational development and superior service quality are among the most important issues of any organization today. Facing the constant pressure of competition, medical and treatment service providers, whose number is increasing, have realized that providing the right quality of services in the health and treatment sector is the most important factor in attracting patients and ensuring future success. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and investigate the relationship between the development and the quality of services with regard to the mediating role of the learner's organizational structure in the University of Medical Sciences of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces.

The present descriptive-survey study was conducted in 2022 by field method. The statistical population consisted of 256 senior and middle managers working in hospital departments of the university. Using Cochran's formula, 153 people were selected using random sampling method. The research data collection tool included three standard questionnaires: The development, service quality and organizational structure learning. Cronbach's alpha method was used to study the reliability of the research, and face and content validity were used for validity. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, regression, chi-square, Keyser-Meier-Alkin and Bartlett's sphericity tests and structural equations.

The findings of the present study indicated that organizational development had the greatest direct effect on service quality with factor loading (0.73) and then on learner structure with factor loading (0.69) and development with factor loading (0.52) which affected the quality of services through the structure of the learner. Moreover, organizational development through learning structure had a direct and significant effect on service quality, and there was a significant relationship between organizational development with learning structure and service quality.

In order to realize the quality of services among employees, the university should institutionalize the factors of organizational development in internal organizational areas and external interactions, and also pay attention to the improvement of the organizational structure of the learner.

Although tools for measuring job burnout have been psychometrically tested in Iran, it seems crucial to have an instrument that can be used by the general society. The Covid-19 burnout scale (COVID-19-BS) is the only tool available to assess the burnout following Covid-19 in the general population. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and examine the psychometric properties of the Iranian version of the Covid-19 Burnout Scale (COVID-19-BS).

The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on 137 participants in Yasuj, Iran. After the linguistic validation of the Iranian version of COVID-19-BS, the panel of experts evaluated the questionnaire questions by evaluating the content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR). At that point, a semi-structured interview was conducted to assess face validity. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to show the constructs of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was measured using the internal consistency test and test-retest analysis. The collected data were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation coefficient, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) for COVID-19-BS were 0.90 and 0.94, respectively. A two-factor structure (physical and mental burnout symptoms) appeared in the EFA test, which was responsible for 67.51% of the observed variance. CFA results for the extracted two-factor structure showed an acceptable fit. Also, acceptable results were shown for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha from 0.89 to 0.73) and intraclass correlation coefficients (between 0.72 and 0.80).

The results of the present study indicated a favorable preliminary psychometric test of COVID-19-BS in the Iranian population. The COVID-19-BS questionnaire is the first valid questionnaire in Farsi language regarding job burnout following Covid-19 in the general population, which may be useful for other Farsi-speaking countries that are exposed to job burnout due to Covid-19.

Research in the field of religion has always been accompanied by many complications, which is partly due to the lack of a single definition of this concept. In order to provide a precise definition of religion, we have to know its nature in people's minds. Personality is an important factor that affects the formation of mental perceptions in people. The aim of the present study was to determine and investigate the lived experience of religion in people with neurotic and borderline personality organization: a phenomenological study.

The present qualitative descriptive study was conducted by phenomenological method in 2019. The data collection method was a semi-structured interview and the sample group included 10 interviewees who were selected by purposive sampling and divided into two groups. People with neurotic personality organization (5 people) and borderline personality organization (5 people) were categorized. Interviews with each person lasted between 120 and 420 minutes and were conducted on one to six occasions. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation and a total of 2890 minutes of interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed by Moustakas method.

The most important categories discovered in the border organization included individual-centered religiosity, religious instability, religious excitement, and a fragmented one-dimensional God. People with borderline personality organization have an unstable image of God in their mind and their relationship with God changes under the influence of momentary emotions. The most important categories obtained in the neurotic organization were duty-oriented religiosity, religious perfectionism, religiosity based on suspicion and relatively consistent God. The image of God in the minds of people with neurotic personality organization is highly stable; The integrity of the idea of God makes a person's relationship with God not affected by momentary emotions.

The results of the present study revealed that religion had different qualities in the minds of people with different personality organizations and despite these differences in belief and behavior, people at all levels consider themselves believers in the same religion. The results indicated that at the lower levels of the spectrum of personality organization, personality acts as a vessel in which the content of religion is poured and religion takes on the color of personality, and people's interpretation of religion and the quality of their religious behavior is based on their personality and as we move towards higher levels of personality organization, a dialogue takes place between religion and personality, which causes personality to be influenced by religion.

The use of broad-spectrum cephalosporins in the treatment of infections has led to the emergence of a new class of beta-lactamases called metallobetalactamase, these enzymes belong to Ambler's class B beta-lactamases. Group A and B metallobetalactamases in Enterobacteriaceae cause problems in treatment. The present study was conducted with the aim of phenotypic investigation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae metallobetalactamase producing strains, as well as molecular investigation of SPM, VIM, SIM, IMP and GIM genes.

The present descriptive-quantitative study was conducted on 185 patients hospitalized in the special care units of Milad Hospital in Tehran from March to May 2018-2019, and 45 strains of Escherichia coli and 62 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were selected. In order to check the antibiotic resistance of the strains, diffusion test in agar was used and also to check the phenotypic of the metallobetalactamase producing strains, the combined disc method was used. Molecular investigation of metallobetalactamase producing genes was done by PCR method. The collected data were analyzed using Fisher's test.

In the present study, the highest antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains was observed to cotrimoxazole and cefepime antibiotics, respectively. 14.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and 15.5% of Escherichia coli strains produced metallobetalactamase enzyme in the phenotypic method. Also, 88.9% of the studied Escherichia coli strains carried the SPM gene, 40% carried the VIM gene, 66.7% carried the SIM gene, and 15.6% carried the IMP gene. SPM, VIM, SIM, IMP and GIM genes were found to be 54.8, 41.9, 58.1, 3.2 and 8.1% in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, respectively.

In the present study, there was a high percentage of genes producing metallobetalactamase enzyme in bacteria, while 14.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and 15.5% of Escherichia coli strains were producing metallobetalactamase enzyme in the phenotypic method. that genes producing enzymes exist in bacteria and are not expressed in high amounts. There waS also the possibility that these genes were expressed, but could not be checked with the usual phenotypic methods, so efforts should be made to find reliable, cheap and easy phenotypic methods for phenotypic examination.

By accepting the responsibility of management and leadership, doctors are not completely separated from their medical duties. Usually, doctors have to follow their therapeutic duties while playing the role of leadership. Playing the role of leadership and performing clinical tasks at the same time presents various challenges to doctors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine and identify the challenges of playing the role of leadership and conflicting roles of doctors in hospitals.

The present descriptive-qualitative study was conducted in 2021 on a number of managers and senior experts of hospitals. In order to provide operational solutions, the existing literature was first reviewed. Then, a study sample was selected from the target population in a targeted way. In order to obtain the desired information, interviews and focus groups were used. NVIVO 10 software was used to code and store all interview documents.

Leader physicians face challenges in performing their leadership role and performing their clinical duties. In this research, five major challenges related to this category were identified, these challenges include: the challenge of ambiguity in the identity of being a doctor or having the identity of a leader, the challenge of creating a balance between the expected obligations in relation to patients and the obligations Related to the role of leadership, the challenge of compensating for the lack of leadership skills through the promotion of clinical skills, the challenge of looking down on the role of leadership in comparison to the provision of medical services, and the challenge of ethical obligations in dealing with the work of patients even when the task of leadership is a full-time job is a physician.

In addition to professional and specialized medical knowledge, leading physicians correspondingly need leadership skills in order to express their identity as a leader. Moreover, they should create a balance between their two identities, for this purpose, they need to be continuously trained in relation to management and leadership skills. As a result, healthcare organizations should strengthen their management and leadership skills by providing practical training.