نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

 With the transition from pre-modern to modern and post-industrial society, the development of an entrepreneurial ecosystem to create jobs and sustainable development has attracted the attention of thinkers and experts. The entrepreneurial ecosystem provides a creative environment for entrepreneurs and innovators. The development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem depends on identifying the barriers and challenges in this field from the perspective of experts. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to identify barriers and challenges to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Khuzestan province. The research method is qualitative. The participants of the present study are 37 entrepreneurs, managers of knowledge-based companies, and professors of economics, management, and sociology in Khuzestan province, which has been selected by purposive sampling method with saturation rule and maximum diversity. Interview findings showed that categories such as weakness of strategic and entrepreneurial leadership, psychological capital crisis, demographic and contextual factors, social capital erosion, bureaucratic and disabling organizational structure, economic recession and instability, awareness gap, and insufficient education, Economy is a single product of barriers and challenges of entrepreneurial ecosystem development in Khuzestan province. Also, from the text of the interview findings, the state habitus was revealed as the central category.

Climate change has now become one of the most challenging social problems in modern societies, that human origin has been proven. The role of humans in emitting carbon dioxide and increasing the level of greenhouse gases has led to global warming and adverse climate change. Isfahan province experiences a lot of environmental damage, especially in the agricultural sector to the phenomenon of climate change. This study aims to investigate farmers' perceptions of barriers and facilitators of adaptation to climate change. The approach of this research is qualitative. In this study, 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers in Isfahan province. Findings showed that farmers implement 5 types of strategies: harmful adaptation, government-oriented, technological agriculture, eco-adaptation, and non-occupational in response to climate change. Barriers to adaptation include weak institutional trust, weak farmers' cooperation network, unpredictable future, structural barriers, information poverty, and Unreliable information obtained from the media. Adaptation facilitators also include knowledge of climate change, perceived self-efficacy, the effectiveness of perceived adaptation measures, the feeling of place attachment, and government support. Barriers and facilitators of adaptation to climate change have individual and structural aspects. Alignment of training on adaptation measures with government assistance and support and strengthening of social capital can be a factor in making farmers more adaptable to climate change.

Economic investment provides the grounds for promoting the economic growth and public welfare of a society. Security is one of the most important variables affecting economic investment. Due to the abundance and diversity of research conducted in the field of the impact of security on economic investment felt requires a combination of research in this area like a meta-analysis. The main question of the present study is what is the intensity and direction of security impact on economic investment in research conducted in Iran?

The research method of this paper is the meta-analysis. Population of the study almost scientific papers that are the subject the impact of security on economic investment in 2001 and 2020 were published. We used Comprehensive Meta-analysis software to conduct the meta-analysis of articles.

The results showed that impact of police security on economic investment in the studies reviewed is positive and moderate level (effect size=0.315). Also the impact of economic security on economic investment in the studies reviewed is positive and moderate level (effect size=0.407). The effect of economic security on investment in the 2000s (with effect size 0.557) is greater than that of the 2010s (with effect size 0.313).

Understanding and recognizing reference groups, especially the reference group of youth and students, is one of the most important and necessary social and cultural data for policy-making and management of cultural and social planning, and is the focus of social and humanities research. The cultural authority of professors and the level of students' trust in professors for cultural and social activism in the cultural field of the university. Theoretical framework of this research is based on theory The reference group is Merton and Mozaffar Sharif. This research was conducted in 2009 at the University of Isfahan with a statistical sample of 550 people. The statistical population also consisted of all students of the University of Isfahan, which was estimated at about 14,500 people.Findings show that in the cultural field of the university, professors were selected as the most important reference group by students and 64% of students stated that they prefer to consult with professors in various personal, social, cultural and marriage matters and their opinion as They know the criteria and the important. Also, 73% of students prefer to be mentioned by professors. Intimate relationships and cultural and social interactions have a positive effect on university social capital and have a positive and direct effect on student satisfaction in various aspects of the university.

Social health is the perception that people have about themselves, social interactions and communication, usefulness, social role and being positive in society. Social health of devotees as one of the social strata of society is one of the significant issues in the field of health sociology. The main purpose of the present study was a sociological analysis of perceived social support and the sense of self-efficacy with the social health of the devotees of the Islamic Revolution in East Azerbaijan Province. The statistical population was 24340 devotees of East Azerbaijan province and 294 devotees were selected by systematic random sampling. Based on the findings, their average social health was 56.45% and perceived social support was 72.8%. The results of multivariate regression test showed that there is a significant and positive relationship between the sense of self-efficacy and perceived social support of devotees of East Azerbaijan province with their social health and the components of acceptance, participation and self-fulfillment and the component of social cohesion only with perceived social support. It is meaningful and positive. Also, there was no significant relationship between social health and devotees 'percentage, age, duration of war devotees, but there was a significant difference between devotee’s social health in terms of their literacy. Devotees with less than a diploma had the highest average difference with other groups.

The implementation of large industrial projects always has effects on the natural environment and human societies and the social and cultural structure of the local community. Today, with the presence of Mobarakeh Steel Company, the question for many citizens of Mobarakeh is what are the social and cultural effects of this company on their city? In addition, what are the possible negative effects of the presence of this industry on the local community and the surrounding area? The present study was conducted using cluster survey and sampling method. The statistical population in this study is all people over 18 years old living in Mobarakeh city. The researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among 480 samples. The results indicate that the region's immigration, the impact of immigrant culture on indigenous culture and improving the city's sports and cultural facilities, are the most important cultural effects of steel, as well as class differences and inequality, increasing communication network outside the region, fear of increasing Diseases and social development are the most important social effects of steel on this region. The average obtained from the dimensions of social development, social responsibility, cultural development, cultural change and cultural adjustment is higher than the average, and the average of social equality is lower than the average.

Handcrafts cooperatives expand economic and cultural aspects of handcrafts. They not only maintain the prestige of the handcrafts in the society, but also help to increase its share in the whole economy of the country. It is supposed that handcrafts manufacturing through cooperatives can be more efficient, as cooperative economy is based on common needs, same understanding, and team work to satisfy the needs. But it seems handcrafts cooperatives in Isfahan City have failed to perform efficiently. In this paper, we intend to identify the problems and barriers that cooperatives have faced during their activity in recent years. To reach this goal, we have applied qualitative method and conducted 25 interviews with the members of the cooperatives and the staffs of related supporting organizations. Data were later analyzed by using thematic analysis. According to the research findings, we classify the cooperatives problems into 3 main categories: intra organizational problems (managerial issues, sub-managerial issues, lack of financial resources), inter organizational problems (inefficiency of the concerned organizations like The bureau of cooperatives, The chamber of cooperatives, The administration of handcrafts, and The government), and macro level problems concerning all the organizations (neglecting cooperative economy, economic recession, covid 19 pandemic, neglecting handcrafts). The findings of this paper have implications for the government, concerned organizations, cooperatives' members, and the citizens who concern about their cultural and national heritage.

This Study analyses and clarify the cultural Policy makers View of social happiness. Based on the modern approach to the cultural aspect of social and individual health. In this study, based on the theories of Shuder and Arlie Hochschild, social vitality was considered as a cultural construct and according to Veenhoven as a social action .The study approach is qualitative and thematic analyses is usual. The data collection method is a semi-structured in-depth interview with a theoretical saturation criterion. The happiness is a mental and social concept that investigate in individual precinct and the dominate section of it is relate to social and environmental conditions. The important part of collaborate ceremonies is focused on religious ceremonies now days and the Policy makers belive that the cordial religious belief will culminate in intrinsic calmness and enduring happiness. Job satisfaction, social cultural capital, life style and personality, family, economical, educational and life quality factors affect the social happiness.

The present study seeks to discover the habitual economic structure in the nomadic field of gilan-e-gharb city in order to take a realistic look at how nomads operate in the field of economic issues. The research method used in this research is structuralist structuralism and semi-structured and in-depth interviews have been used to collect data. The sample size includes 19 participants who have been selected using purposive sampling. The interviews were analyzed using the directional content analysis method. Research findings show that the habitual type of social agent within the nomadic field is very economical. The social agents in this field, Especially adult members, have low consumption costs and are very hardworking and economical. Herdig for the social agents is not only purely economic, but also the purpose and meaning of life. However, their field of activity has caused them to be constantly trying and earning the most economic benefit at the lowest consumption costs.. These agents are so emotionally attached that they have an emotional attachment to their herds that makes it impossible for them to imagine life in any other way. They do not seek economic goal, but their habit has resulted in the result of their work and actions leading to economic gain and investment and avoiding the loss of economic capital. The young members of the field, along with the continuation of the way of earning economic income, have slight changes in the way of looking at profit and economic activity.

Consumerism is a global phenomenon that has spread all over the world in the last few decades as a result of the changes caused by the industrial revolution, especially the dominance of the late capitalist system. In Iran, in the last few decades, consumerism has widely covered all areas of people's lives and As an important social issue, it has occupied the minds of many researchers, therefore it is necessary to investigate the factors affecting consumerism in Iran. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting consumerism in Iran. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting consumerism in Iran. The current research was conducted using the meta-composite qualitative method and the seven-step model of Sandelowski and Barroso of years 2003. Using Meta-synthesis method, the results of previous studies conducted between 1390 and 1400 were examined, and a number of relevant articles were identified using related keywords, and finally 24 articles were selected from 253 articles using Meta-synthesis criteria. To check the quality and reliability of the findings of this research, the Kappa index was used, and its results indicate the appropriate quality of the research findings. The findings of this research led to the extraction of various codes, and after continuous back and forth and examination and integration of the initial findings of this research in sub-fields, eight main fields were obtained, which in frequency are: Individual dimensions, social dimensions, economic dimensions, political dimensions, contextual variables, philosophical dimensions, media dimensions and environmental dimensions, also the results of this research show that distinguishing oneself from others, extravagance and luxury, the strong presence of media and virtual social networks, The change in the way of looking at the body as a commodity, the politicization of consumption, etc. are very important on consumerism in Iran, .

 Violence against women(As half of society) and child(The future makers of society) in the family can damage their health and safety and cause a crisis in the family. this is not a family issue, but it’s a social problem. As the family crisis will affect society and Violence is a deterrent to development. The Current research seeks to examine the consequences of violence in family relationships, which collective memory does not recognize as violence, and it has been collectively neglectedThe research method used in this study is survey. The statistical population of the study is married women in Tehran who were selected based on the criteria of development, regions 2, 6, 10, 13 and 17 and 450 women in these regions were determined as the sample size based on sample power software and quota sampling method were examined. Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling have been used in data analysis.The findings show that the variable of education and training on self-actualization, alienation and caltural capital with meaningful by the mediating role of symbolic violence But variable of regional development is directly effective on symbolic violence but on self-actualization, alienation and child’s caltural capital it is not meaningful with the mediating rol of symbolic violence.The results of this research show that variable of symbolic violence plays a mediating role in the relationship between the variable of education level and consequences of symbolic violence but it does not play a mediating role in the relationship between tha variable of regional development level and the consequences of this violence

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has caused one of the most serious damage on the world tourism industry. Considering the important role of tourism and handicrafts industry in the economy of Lalejin city, the purpose of this study is to investigate the channels through which corona outbreak has affected the tourism industry in Lalejin city. In addition, considering the centrality of handicrafts in formation of tourism in Lalejin city, this study will answer the question of whether the presence of handicrafts in the tourism industry of Lalejin city has been able to reduce the effects of Corona pandemic crisis on the economy or not? In order to find different dimensions of the impact of Corona pamdemic on tourism and sustainable development of Lalejin city, and based on Grounded theory methods, this study made a survey on the personal stories and personal experiences of 21 craftsmen and producers of pottery and ceramics in Lalejin industrial town, workers and sellers of related handicraft industries, exporters, and business owners in the field of tourism services in Lalejin city. The results of the coding of the interviews indicate 9 main mechanisms that the prevalence of corona influenced on tourism businesses which include: 1) Changes in target markets and trading partners 2) changes in the labor market 3) changes in the Market structures 4) change in sales and marketing strategies 5) change in people's interests and tastes 6) financial problems 7) problems caused by the application of curfews and restrictions 8) government mismanagement and 9) aggravating factors such as Inflation and international sanctions. The results of this study also indicate that the centrality of handicrafts in the tourism industry of Lalejin city has caused a high degree of labor mobility in this city and thus has prevented widespread unemployment during the crisis.