Motion sickness is a natural and temporary response to unfamiliar motor stimuli which reduces performance in complex tasks that require constant attention. The aim of this research was to study the effect of a special exercise training period on motion sickness in the pilots and flight crews of the Army of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In this study, 20 pilot students of Shahid Sattari Army Air Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an average (age of 21.10±1.31 years, weight of 70.27±8.23 kg, height of 173.32±5.77 cm) participated voluntarily. After completing the motion sickness questionnaire and based on the average age and scores of the rain seat test, they were divided into two equal training and control groups (n=10). The training group performed exercise training for four weeks (four sessions per week). The post-test was done after 72 hours from the last training session. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software in two descriptive and inferential sections at a significant level (P<0.05).

After four weeks of exercise intervention, the intragroup results showed a significant increase in the motion sickness tolerance variable only in the training group (P=0.001). Also, the intergroup results showed a significant difference between both training and control groups in the post-test (P=0.037).

According to the results, the special exercise training can cause a significant increase in motion sickness tolerance in pilots; by stimulating the visual-vestibular and vestibular systems. Therefore, based on these findings, it is recommended that the pilots who experience symptoms of motion sickness while flying, help to improve the current conditions by performing the suggested exercise interventions.

There is a close and effective relationship between physical fitness and the efficiency of the respiratory system, so it is considered one of the essential factors for success in organizational missions and plays an important role in preventing respiratory problems, especially in cold and mountainous conditions; So, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of complex training, continuous and interval aerobic training on pulmonary capacities, indicators of respiratory-pulmonary necrosis, and performance of military personnel aged 30-45 in a cold and mountainous climate.

40 Military men aged 30-45 years were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 10): (1) Complex training group, (2) interval aerobic group, (3) continuous aerobic group, and (4) control group. The training protocol was implemented for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session takes about 90 minutes on a regular basis by 60% to 80% of 1RM (in the complex training group) and VO2max (in aerobic training groups) in the cold (November/January - with a temperature difference of %5 lower than the average daily temperature) and mountainous climate of Tabriz city. Pulmonary capacities and serum levels of clara cell protein (CC16) and surfactant protein D (SPD), and 3000 m running record were measured before and after the training, a protocol using respectively spirometer, electrochemiluminescence technique, and running track test.

Implementation of 8 weeks of complex training, interval and continuous aerobic training program significantly improved the lung capacity, 3000 meters running test record (P<0.05), and significantly decreased plasma indices of CC16 and SPD (P<0.05) in military personnel. Also, ANOVA and Bonferroni posthoc test revealed that the improvement of these indices was relatively more significant in the complex training group compared to aerobic training groups (P<0.05).

Performing 8 weeks of complex training more efficiently reduces necrosis and catabolic responses and increases respiratory capacity and improves performance in cold and mountainous climates in comparison to aerobic exercise, as these changes improve the performance of military personnel in organizational missions of cold and mountainous climates.

In endemic areas, some parasitic infections may be related to cancer induction or induction of immune responses against cancer. In some cases, parasites cause disease in their host, and in other cases, they reach a biological balance with them. Parasite invasion of the host depends on some factors such as parasite species, life cycle, enzyme production, and host immunity. The results of various studies in different parts of the world have shown that some parasites such as Schistosoma, Opisthorchis, Clonorchis, Strongyloides, Leishmania, Blastocystis, and Cryptosporidium could induce cancer in their host under certain conditions. However, others like Toxocara, Hydatid cyst, Mesocestoides, Taenia crassiceps, Fasciola, and Plasmodium initiate an anti-tumor immune response in the host. Some others, such as Trichomonas, Trypanosoma, and Toxoplasma, have both tumoral and anti-tumoral activity. A better and more complete understanding of these interactions could lead us to a clear future in the treatment of cancer, therefore, in this study, the role of parasites in the induction and prevention of cancer has been investigated.

Understanding the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases and the extent of socio-economic factors affecting their occurrence is very important in order to plan to reduce the burden of disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of socio-economic factors on exposure to behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Military Households.

This research is an applied study that was performed cross-sectionally on 1204 families of the Armed Forces participating in the National Survey of Risk Factors for Non-Communicable Diseases in Iran (STEPS). The data collection tool was a questionnaire adapted from a standard questionnaire (non-communicable disease care system questionnaire in the Islamic Republic of Iran). Data analysis was performed using estimation of logistic regression models using Excel and STATA software.

The prevalence of smoking, unhealthy diet, and sedentary lifestyle in Iranian military households were 5.7%, 34%, and 58.6%. The probability of smoking among middle-aged people (45-59 years) was 2.19 times higher than the elderly (60 years old) (P=0.016). The probability of unhealthy diet in illiterate people was significantly 2.13 times higher than those with diploma and university education (P<0.001). The probability of sedentary lifestyle in women was significantly 1.77 times higher than men (P<0.001), 1.34 times higher in those with undergraduate degrees (P<0.033), and in unemployed people 2.07 times higher than retirees (P<0.033).

The results of this study showed that to address health challenges and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases, attention to the socio-economic status of households, and reduce socio-economic inequalities of households should be considered along with controlling the risk factors for non-communicable diseases.

Sulfur mustard (Mustard gas) is the most famed chemical warfare agent that caused chronic lung damage. Oxidative stress is known as a major cause of mustard lung pathogenesis. This study aimed to introduce antioxidant tablets of Iranian N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) as an effective treatment for chronic lung damage caused by mustard gas.

This study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial. In the current study, 85 patients with chronic sulfur mustard lung injury from chemical warfare veterans of Qazvin province for 4 months from 2016 to 2017, randomly took one of the Iranian NAC (Oslyt®) or foreign NAC (Fluimucil®) tablets a dose of 1200 mg per day. The symptoms via breathlessness-cough and sputum scale (BCSS), modified medical research council (MMRC), COPD assessment test (CAT), rhinitis control assessment test (RCAT), and reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaires and spirometric indices and side effects drugs were compared in groups.

According to the results and comparing the P-value obtained for clinical symptoms obtained through the mentioned questionnaires, it seems that in both groups of Oslyt (with 41 patients) and Fluimucil (with 44 patients), remarkably improved BCSS, MMRC, CAT, and RSI (except for RCAT) overall scores. There was no significant difference between Oslyt and Fluimucil in terms of the frequency of side effects.

Both Iranian and foreign antioxidant drugs NAC improve the majority of clinical signs of the mustard lung. This is the first time that anti-reflux effects have been observed for antioxidants such as NAC. The Oslyt dose of 1200 mg per day is adequate for effectiveness and antioxidant effects.

Hydatidosis is an important parasitic disease, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. It is a major health problem in different parts of the world including Iran. The disease can lead to serious complications in several organs, especially in liver and lungs. It seems that the military forces have a high risk of infection due to their presence in different missions in various climatic, geographical, and security conditions. This study aimed at determining the sero-prevalence of hydatidosis in the personnel of a military unit.

During a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020, antigen B (AgB) was prepared from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) by Oriol method. Two hundred and five sera samples were prepared and evaluated by AgB-ELISA.

Out of 205 examined samples, 30 cases (14.6%) showed a positive response by AgB-ELISA. The most positive cases were observed in personnel aged 30-39 years (63.3%), working in the operational category (76.7%), with 11-20 years of service (43.3%), with university education (96.7%) and living in urban areas (80%). Furthermore, individuals consuming spring/boiled/mineral water (53.3%), who used salt and vinegar (50%) to wash vegetables, had the highest percentage of seropositivity. According to the statistical analysis, there was no significant relationship between the variables and the positivity of AgB-ELISA (P>0.05).

High sero-prevalence of antibodies (IgG) against AgB of hydatid cyct in military forces demonstrated the importance of high-quality health educational programs in such communities. Screening and following up of the persons with positive sera are also recommended.

Conducting exercises with various methods can have different effects on the body tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of one session of resistance training with high and low intensities, while both restricting and not restricting the blood flow, on the levels of irisin and glycerol serum in trained male subjects.

This quasi-experimental study with a cross-group design and repeated measurements, was designed to determine the effects of one session of high and low-intensity exercise, with and without the blood flow restriction, on the levels of irisin and glycerol serum. For this purpose, 10 trained male participants with the age of 25±1.75 year, fat percentage of 15.7±4.7, and weight of 76.75 ± 7.95 kg were randomly selected from the available subjects. The subjects performed four resistance training protocols in 48 hours. Training protocols included: high-intensity resistance training (%75 1RM) with blood flow restriction. High-intensity resistance training (%75 1RM) without blood flow restriction. Low-intensity resistance training (%30 1RM) with blood flow restriction. And finally low intensity resistance training (%30 1RM) without blood flow restriction. Subsequently, after performing each protocol, levels of irisin and glycerol serum were examined using the ELISA method. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.

Although the changes in irisin levels were incremental, these changes were not significant. The changes in the level of glycerol, as a lipolysis level index, had significant changes due to different resistance training protocols (P≤0.05). There was also no significant relationship between irisin and glycerol secretion.

It seems that resistance activities with high and low intensity, with and without blood flow restriction, have no significant effects on the regulatory mechanisms of white fat browning through irisin secretion in trained men, but it causes more lipolysis.

Military dentistry combines patient-centered care with public health views to create services agile and comprehensive. The effect of oral disease on military personnel can significantly damage the individual's operational ability. A significant concern of various countries in providing universal health coverage is access to dental services and oral health care, which requires understanding the related barriers and facilitators. This study aimed to determine systematic relationships among determinants of access to preventive dental services.

This mixed-methods, descriptive-analytical study was carried out in 2021 using an operations research technique. In the qualitative phase, by the literature review and using the snowball method, an interview was done with ten experts in dental prevention and oral health. The conceptual research model based on the Saurman access model was designed into 30 sub-components and six main components by identifying and categorizing the obtained codes. In the quantitative stage, a 30-item questionnaire was designed using the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique. The questionnaire was completed by 30 experts selected from medical sciences staff and line using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed in SPSS and DEMATEL through structural analysis of causal relationships.

A total of 30 variables were identified based on the qualitative findings. These variables were categorized into six components, including affordability, acceptability, accessibility, awareness and empowerment, adequacy, and availability based on the analytical framework of the study. The experts confirmed the proposed determinants of access to dental services and suggested no other component (P=0.0001). Analytical results indicated that "affordability" (impact factor=1.05) and "acceptability" (impact factor=0.37) affected access and were therefore assigned to the causes group. However, empowerment, accessibility, adequacy, and availability were influenced by access and were therefore assigned to the effects group. Finally, affordability (1.05, 11.88) and availability (-0.57 and 11.35) were identified as the most and most miniature essential components, respectively.

An essential factor in military personnel is "hidden" dental complications. By evaluating dental complications, this component is reduced approximately one-third. Identifying critical factors of access help design prevention interventions, health prevention, and promotion policies and removing barriers to public access to oral health care.