The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between functional motor test scores and injury incidence in elite Tehranian female shooting athletes.

The statistical population of this quasi-experimental study was all elite athletes and super league shooters (guns & rifles) in Tehran in 1398. The sample consisted of 40 individuals (20 with a history of injury and 20 without injury) who, using G Power software, were purposefully selected after public recall. After obtaining the consent form and measuring the demographic characteristics of the subjects, a checkerboard method and a New York test questionnaire were used to measure the variables of the study. All subjects performed the seven Functional Movement Screen (FMS) after evaluating the degree of stature abnormalities. After checking the normality of the data via Shapiro-Wilk test, they were analyzed through independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software with α = 0.05.

The findings of the present study showed that, in the athletes with an injury record, there was a significant negative relationship between the total score of functional movement screen and the occurrence of scoliosis (P = 0.001), uneven shoulder (P = 0.044) and uneven pelvis (P = 0.001) and no significant relationship was observed in athletes without a history of injury (P≤0.05). Also, there was no significant relationship between total score of functional movement screen and the incidence of cervical injury (P = 0.661, P = 0.001) in subjects with and without history of injury.

According to the results, the motor-functional test scores provide the trainers and therapists with a good prevention model of traumatic injuries and disorders such as scoliosis, uneven shoulder and uneven pelvis. Therefore, it is recommended that trainers and athletes in this field use Functional Examinations (FMS) along with clinical diagnostic tests to improve and prevent these injuries.

Sports injuries are an inevitable part of sports activities. Therefore, investigating the causes and prevention strategies of these injuries is a crucial matter. Considering the importance of the effect sports injuries on peoples lives and overshadowing all their activities in daily life and sport's professional life, it is highly recommended to prevent injuries and reduce the time of being away from training and competitions in elite badminton players. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review researches related to badminton injuries in order to draw a practical and comprehensive conclusion from the previously conducted studies in the field.

In this study, we reviewed researches conducted on badminton injuries between 2000-2021. Articles were searched in specific databases and 32 articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of the articles.

The results showed that amateur players had a higher incidence of injuries than the professional ones and those occurred during training were higher compared to those of competition. The prevalence of acute and mild injuries is higher than chronic and moderate ones. In addition, overuse injuries are more common in the knee and shoulder. Based on the level of competition it was found that the prevalence of injury in national and world competitions is more common, due to trauma and overuse, in the lower- back, knees and shoulders respectively. Moreover, most soft tissue injuries such as ankle sprain is commonly experienced by amateur players in training and practice. The comparison of the upper and lower extremity injuries demonstrated that the highest prevalence of injuries in the upper limbs is related to the wrists, shoulders, and lower- back, and the prevalence of injuries in the shoulder joint is less than the lower- back. In the lower extremity, ankle and knee are more predisposed to injury respectively.

Drawing on this research, the occurrence of injury in badminton apparently goes back to numerous factors. In this study, the causes and factors of injury in this sport are mentioned. To reduce the incidence of injuries caused by badminton, it is necessary to take all these factors into consideration.

The present study examines eight weeks of TRX training on the pain and suffering of non-athlete girls with chronic non-specific low back pain.

The statistical population of the study includes non-athlete girls with non-specific low back pain in the two cities of Shiraz with pain of more than three months. Among them, 30 participants were selected in two groups, experimental (15 people, age: 26.3± 1.84 years, height: 160.11± 5.43 cm, weight: 68.27± 7.34 kg) and control (15 people, age: 26.74 ± 3.01 years, height: 160.4 ± 02/87 cm, weight: 66.1±7.247 kg). To measure the amount of pain, the analogical visual analog scale of pain (VAS) and static and dynamic balance were used by Biodex switching device. First the pre-test was performed and then the experimental group performed the training protocol for 8 weeks and the control group did not perform the exercise and then retested. The research variables were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics in using SPSS software version 20. Shapiro-Wilk test was used for data normality and paired t-test was used for in-group comparison and ANCOVA test was used as a covariance to compare the data obtained from the research groups. Significance level was considered throughout the study at the level of 95% with alpha less than or equal to 0.05.

The results showed that the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores on pain intensity, static and dynamic balance of TRX exercise group was significant (p<0.05), that is, the scores on the post-test were higher than those on the pre-test. However, the difference was not significant (p<0.05) regarding the control group.

According to the results of the present study, the TRX training protocol used in this study improved pain and static and dynamic balance of non-athlete girls with non-specific chronic low back pain.

  However, due to the long-term recovery process in anterior cruciate ligament injury and the occurrence of secondary problems after surgery, as well as the lack of adherence to postoperative rehabilitation programs, however, there is a risk of re-rupture of this ligament. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the kinematic parameters of the trunk and lower limbs during shear maneuvers in healthy and reconstructed athletes of the anterior cruciate ligament.

The subjects of this study included 34 male athletes who were randomly divided into experimental (reconstructed cruciate ligament) and control (healthy) groups. Kinematic and Kinetic data were recorded using a camera motion capture system (Vicon, Oxford Metrics Ltd) sampling at 200 Hz, synchronously with ground reaction forces from force platform at 1000 Hz (Kistler AG, Winterthur, Switzerland). The calculation of kinematic variables from initial foot contact to toe-off with force plate was performed by Visual3D (C-Motion Inc) software.

The results of independent t-test concerning trunk flexion, hip and ankle flexion did not show a significant difference between the healthy and ACLR groups (P>0.05), but decrease in knee joint flexion in the ACLR group,was significant (P=0.008) compared to the healthy group Also in the ACLR group, an increase in knee joint valgus was significant (P=0.05). ACLR group's tibia rotation with respect to femur was also significant (P=0.038) compared to that of the healthy group.

Due to the change in the kinematics of ACLR group compared to that of the healthy individuals and the increased risk of re-rupture in ACLR individuals, it is suggested that in designing exercises and postoperative rehabilitation courses, proper training of techniques and movements be performed to reduce the likelihood of re-injury by achieving the desired kinematics in the joints and limbs as well as the athletes' awareness.

The aim of this study was to compare the range of motion of lower limb joints in overweight and obese individuals.

The statistical population of the present study consisted of 25 to 45 years old working and available women in Zanjan province. These people, who included 57 people, were divided into two groups: 30 people with normal weight (mean age 31.86±6.03 years and body mass index 21.61±1.71kg / m2) and 27 people with overweight (With an average age of 35.35±6.03 years and a body mass index 27.86±1.40kg / m2). A goniometer was used to assess the range of motion of the hip, knee and ankle. After determining whether the data were normal or abnormal by Shapiro Wilk test, the normal data were analyzed through independent parametric T-test and the data which were not distributed normally were analyzed via non-parametric U Man-Whitney test.

The results showed that among the range of motion of the hip in both legs in flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation, the range of motion of the knee in both legs in flexion and the range of motion of the ankle in both legs there was a significant difference between dorsiflexion and plantar flexion movements in the two groups, but the difference between the two groups in range of motion in both legs was not significant in hip abduction and knee extension movements.

According to the present results, it seems that being overweight can reduce the range of motion in some movements in the lower extremities. Regarding the causes researchers have proposed various factors that need further studies.

Scott training is one of the basic exercises in strengthening the lower limbs and also a factor to show a person's physical fitness. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of strengthening the lumbar quadriceps muscle in increasing the record number of squats of male volleyball players in Ardabil province.

A total of 60 healthy volleyball athletes from Ardabil province were randomly divided into two equal groups of 30 intervention and control. Both groups were presented with the usual volleyball bodybuilding training method for 12 sessions, respectively, with strengthening the quadriceps muscle, as well as just the usual volleyball bodybuilding training. After 12 sessions, their record number of Scott moves was examined. Independent t-test was used to compare the groups's record number of squats using SPSS software version 26.

The findings of the present study showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the intervention group and the control one in the frequency of Scott's record of volleyball athletes (P≤0.001).

Providing reinforcement training increased Scott's record in the intervention group. Therefore, strengthening the lumbar quadriceps muscle can increase the frequency of Scott's record in male volleyball athletes in Ardabil province.