فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

This article analyzes the ratio of creative thinking and critical thinking; It also refers to the issue of the evolution of human sciences. After referring to the five characteristics of 1. Systemic thought, 2. Deep thought, 3. Classification, 4. Disciplined thought, and 5. Creative thought, sees "criticism" and "creativity" as one of the common points in the issue of innovation. Then, by accepting the assumption that creative thinking, like critic's thinking, is not a non-educational matter, the question is asked about the progress and delay of these two. To answer this question, it deals with the components and characteristics of these two ways of thinking. According to the twenty-four components that drive the difference between creative thinking and critical thinking, this article claims that the approach of advancing creative thinking over critical thinking can be defended because most of the important features of critical thinking are in the continuation and completion of creative thinking. On the other hand, the characteristics of creative thinking have the ability to transform and deepen with the characteristics of critical thinking.Finally, creative thinking in the realm of humanities is the introduction to critical thinking and critical thinking is also the introduction to the change and development of humanities and the gradual process of the relationship between these two influences each other. The importance of comprehensive criticism in the field of humanities means paying attention to the inclusion and comprehensiveness of the twenty-four components of critical thinking.

Associations and constitutionalist parties of Gilan played an essential role in the revival of constitutionalism by public mobilization and marching towards the capital, Tehran to conquer it and remove the Tyranny. Among the various parties, the Abbasi Association, and the Social Democratic Party are two outstanding ones. When Sardar Afkham, was at its peak in the, these parties were able to play a role in getting rid of the tyranny by sharing interests with the peasant and organizing the events. This article aims to evaluate the activism model of these parties. Its theoretical framework is based on Charles Tilly’s Resource Mobilization theory, which focuses on the two variables of interest and organization as behavioral criteria. The question is, "How is the process of mobilization based on the two variables of interest and organization and why did they pioneer this process among Iran?" Using the historical-analytical method and collecting data through the desk-based method, this study showed that parties were able to pave the way for the downfall representative and march towards Tehran by modeling from and being influenced by the intellectual currents of northern neighbor and connection with the peasants rebellion by sharing interests with it and organizing the events.

The research question is: "How has the phenomenon of boycotting participation and resistance against it in the Iranian presidential elections of 1400 A.H. been formed among the boycotters of this election?".To study,the theoretical foundations of Gramsci's hegemony, the concept of governance and the history of discrete protests and the apparatus of resistance of the plebeian classes in Foucault's view and the ideological apparatus of the state in Althusser's view have been used. The result of the research shows that the occurrence of the election boycott action after the end of the first leadership period (charismatic leadership). It was formed in this way and until 2021AD. It has contracted and expanded due to various reasons and conditions. Also, the marginalization and plebeianization of various social groups by the political system and the success of the majority of voters in boycotting the elections, will cause the repetition of the boycott, the generalization of the refusal to participate in politics, the expansion and deepening of resistance and the multiplication of power in Iran's social system in the future.

the present study aims to address the phenomenon of blackening of boys in Ilam with the aim of gaining knowledge about the subject of black dress: a phenomenological approach. It is necessary for the research to be done in the form of a qualitative paradigm and its method is phenomenological and the method of thematic analysis is used to analyze the data. In order to better reach the informants, chain sampling and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools and after interviews with 24 people, theoretical saturation was obtained based on the principle of sufficiency. Findings indicate that the boys studied are authoritarian in terms of personality type, socially excluded, ideologically anti-religious and politically anti-domination, and all of these originated from the division system. It is an abnormal social work that has caused such people to distance themselves from the general practice of society. The end result of the findings is that blackness is a social disability, not a cause. Therefore, in order to face it, one must know the cause and not fight with the disabled.

With the material and technical advances of the industrial age in the eighteenth century, contemporary man formed the concept of development to explain. This concept was initially known for the material achievements of human life, and therefore the development process did not pay much attention to the achievements of the humanities and social sciences. This caused the development patterns to find a quantitative form at first, and the quality aspect of human life to be marginalized. But this process changed in the historical context,. The present paper seeks to answer the question of what components of the humanities in their general sense have contributed to the formation of late theories of development, and how these components have contributed to the formation of theoretical models of development. The method used in this research will be the basic theory method. In this sense, the influential components of humanities in development through open coding will be extracted from theories and models of development and with axial coding, categorization and finally with selective coding will lead to presenting a theoretical model of humanities relationship and development concept.

This research is conducted as an attempt to investigate into the developement in the formation of discourses of Science and Technology policy between 1384and 1400. In particular, this paper aims at the exploration into the process of formation of the topics which are addressed, concepts developed, signs employed, the addressees addressed and the identities shaped.That is, it tries to investigate into the question of what and how topics, concepts, signs, addresses and identities are formed over the period mentioned in those discourses concerning the transfer of technology. The researchers, after proposing an eclectic theoretical model, tries to investigate thoroughly into the discursive and interdiscursive development in the field of Science and Technology Policy over the prementioned period using mentioned model. In addition, they attempt to demonstrate that, contrary to the common perception, the process of the development of discourses in Science and Technology Policy is not a linear and cumulative process, rather they argue that the development of those discourses have been possible through a fragmented, disconnected and non cumulative process. Methodologically speaking, discourse analysis is the way of conducting this research. Finally, extracted Narratives of science and technology during Ahamdinejad and Rohani's administrations are collected .

this article, an attempt has been made to examine the state of thought in Iran from the perspective of Reza Davari. Of course, this study has been formulated in two ways; in the first case, we have tried to show our understanding of Davari's narrative and in the second step, we have tried to understand and appraise the value of his narrative. What is "thought" in terms of Davari's philosophy? What meaning of thought did he intend? Some have tried to equate Davari's view with Heidegger through the lens of Fardid, but this is to disregard the intellectual system of Davari. In this article, we have tried to refer to the text and interpret it in a critical and intra-textual fashion. This means that in our interpretation, Davari is not separated from the text, and in order to understand his intellectual system, we need a careful analysis of the text and all-in-one references in the text. Of course, I do not believe that the text is separated from society, but without researching the text, it is not possible to issue general verdicts on his narrative. Thought in the narrative of Davari means intimacy, but in order to understand this intimacy,

The process of modernization expanded so much that it covered the whole world and modern culture excelled in the realm of art and thought through the globalization trends. But on the other hand, as the modern identity continues to expand, it is divided into a large number of scattered parts, and this fragmentation of the prism leads to the formation of various forms of social subjectivity and cultural identity. The central question of the article is: through what developments has the phenomenon of globalization and technology led to the strengthening of subjectivity and the weakening of traditional structures of meaning production? The following article shows how Iran has been affected by the growth of new ideas and thoughts since the day of the constitutional revolution. Those are the ideas that have become widespread in the light of globalization and the expansion of social network technology and have challenged the hegemony of power structures and ideological institutions by creating new actors. The emergence of new actors has been associated with the emergence of a new way of social action, and the present research tries to identify and explain these new forms of action by using the framework of discourse analysis