فهرست مطالب

Multidisciplinary Cancer Investigation
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Oct 2022

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1401/11/19
  • تعداد عناوین: 3
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  • Sepideh Mansouri, Tannaz Samadi, Azin Teimurzadeh, Keivan Majidzadeh-A, Leila Farahmand * Page 1

    In 1980, tamoxifen was introduced as an effective adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer, resulting in a significant increase in overall survival. Nevertheless, the development of acquired resistance limited the efficacy of tamoxifen therapy. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the probable process of tamoxifen resistance. In vitro studies have suggested that alterations in the expression of cytoplasmic growth cascades such as insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) along with associated downstream signaling pathways such as ERK1, ERK2, and ERK6 are the main cause of resistance to tamoxifen. In this review, we investigated the role of estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), EGFR, IGFR, and their downstream signaling pathways in tamoxifen resistance. The present study attempted to find out possible culprits of tamoxifen resistance to improve treatment efficacy in breast cancer patients.

    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Epidermal Growth Factor, Receptor, Insulin-Like Growth Factor, Signal Pathways, Tamoxifen
  • Lauren McCroskie, Sarah Mahonski, Patrick D. Walker, Samir Dalia * Page 2
    Introduction

     Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance (MGRS) is an immunoglobulin proliferative disorder that leads to the destruction of the renal glomerular basement membrane and progression to end-stage renal disease. The pathogenesis of MGRS is similar to that of multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic lymphoma but lacks criteria for either disease. This inability to characterize the disease creates a gap in diagnostic and treatment recommendations. Recent studies and observations suggest that the pathogenesis of MGRS correlates with an acute inflammatory reaction as seen in postviral SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients.

    Case presentation

     Here, we present a 61-year-old male with MGRS following a COVID-19 diagnosis with signs of acute kidney injury (AKI). The diagnosis was one of exclusion following kidney and bone marrow biopsy that showed four percent plasma cells and monoclonal protein IgG lambda light chains which did not meet the criteria for multiple myeloma. Historically the treatment of MGRS has targeted the underlying kidney pathology; however, evidence now supports treatment customization to the nature of the clonal M protein proliferation involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

    Conclusion

     This case study demonstrates the novel finding of COVID-19-induced MGRS, which was successfully treated with dexamethasone and bortezomib to reduce the progression of kidney injury in MGRS.

    Keywords: Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance, COVID-19, Bortezomib, Case Reports
  • Masoomeh Baderi, Soodabeh ShahidSales, Kazem Anvari, Hassan Ramshini, Shima Mehrabadi, Abolfazal Nosrati Tirkani, Mehrane Mehramiz, Seyed Mahdi Hassanian, Amir Avan * Page 3
    Introduction

    Breast cancer is among the leading causes of cancer death in women. Despite extensive efforts to identify novel prognostic and predictive clinical biomarkers, a very small number of markers have been reported as risk stratification biomarkers (e.g., BRCA1/2 and HER2). The substitution of arginine with lysine in codon 497 of HER1 497 has been suggested as a potential marker in breast cancer. This study attempted to explore the association between HER1 497 gene polymorphisms with pathological and clinical information of breast cancer patients.

    Methods

    110 breast cancer patients were recruited followed by genomic DNA extraction and genotyping using Taqman-PCR and sequencing. The associations of this genetic variant were evaluated with breast cancer risk and pathological information of patients.

    Results

    Our data showed that 9.43% of cases had AA genotype, while these frequencies in AC and CC genotypes were 77.35% and 13.20%, respectively. Moreover, we found that 78.4% of breast cancer patients with M0 had AA+AC genotypes, while 21.6% of CC cases had M0 status. Furthermore, 22.7% of these cases with CC genotype had N0/1. Interestingly, we observed that most of the patients with CC genotype had lower HER2 expression.

    Conclusions

    Our finding showed the potential association of CC genotype of HER1 497 with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the prognostic value of this marker in a larger and multi-center setting in breast cancer.

    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms, Genotype, Biomarkers