Journal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning
Volume:3 Issue: 7, Winter 2023

Deep-fried oils (DFO) produce toxins that endanger people's health. Using herbal supplements along with exercise training can help improve health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training (T) and octopamine (O) supplementation on VEGF and PDGFR gene expression levels in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with DFO.

In this experimental study, 25 male Wistar rats were purchased and placed in 5 groups of 5 animals, including: 1) control, 2) DFO, 3) DFO+T, 4) DFO+O and 5) DFO+T+O. Over a course of 4 weeks, rats in groups 2 to 5 received DFO by gavage, and rats in groups 3 and 5 ran on the treadmill 5 times a week with moderate intensity; also, rats in groups 4 and 5 received 81 μmol/kg octopamine supplement intraperitoneally 5 days a week. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test, independent samples t-test and two-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the research findings (p<0.05).

DFO had a significant effect on increasing the gene expression levels of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.002); training had a significant effect on the reduction of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.012); also, octopamine consumption had a significant effect on the reduction of VEGF (p=0.001) and PDGFR (p=0.045).

It seems that aerobic training and octopamine consumption alone have anti-inflammatory effects in the heart tissue of DFO-poisoned rats, however they do not have significant anti-inflammatory interactive effects.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of four weeks of moderate aerobic training and nanocurcumin supplementation on IGF- 1 gene expression and its receptor in the soleus muscle of rats.

32 male Wistar rats, approximately eight weeks old, with a weight range of 200±10 grams, were prepared and kept for one week under standard conditions of light, temperature, and humidity. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 series: healthy control group, aerobic training group, nanocurcumin group and aerobic training + nanocurcumin group. The training protocol was for 4 weeks, 5 days a week, in the first week, 20 minutes of activity with a speed of 18 meters per minute, and finally in the 4th week, it reached 35 minutes of activity with a speed of 20 meters per minute. Nanocurcumin supplement was also used for each animal at 80 mg / kilogram of body weight. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used at the significance level (P<0.05).

The results showed an increase in IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene expression levels in the soleus muscle in all groups compared to the control group.

The combination of training and nanocurcumin supplementation probably increases the antioxidant capacity of the body and causes a greater increase in the expression of the IGF-1 gene and IGF-1R in skeletal muscles, which indicates more anabolic effects.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a tapering period with creatine supplementation on hormonal responses of men football players.

The study sample included 18 male soccer players of the first division league (mean age: 18.77 ± 1.26 years, height: 174.5± 5.77 cm, and weight: 64.07± 6.99 kg) that were in the specific conditioning period who were randomly divided into two equal groups: Taper alone (n=9) and Taper with creatine supplementation (n=9). The levels of blood hormonal parameters including testosterone, cortisol and testosterone to cortisol ratio (T/C) were measured before and after the tapering period (10 days). Paired t-test and independent T-test was used to examine the differences within and between groups, respectively.

The results showed that the cortisol levels in the post-test compared to the pre-test decreased significantly in both groups (p≤0.05) ; While, there was no significant difference in testosterone and T/C (p≥0.05). Also, no significant difference was observed in the levels of testosterone, cortisol and T/C between the two groups.

The taper period can reduce the cortisol levels of male soccer players, but creatine consumption has no significant effect on the levels of cortisol, testosterone and T/C ratio in the taper period.

Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death in the world and its prevalence increases with age. For the purpose of cardiac rehabilitation after heart disease, performing exercise training causes functional and structural adaptations in patient’s cardiovascular system and consequently reduces mortality from related diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two methods of aerobic and combined exercise training biomechanics of blood in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery.

In this semi-experimental study with a pre-post test design, 68 middle-aged men (mean age 56.19± 1.26 years) were studied after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery. Subjects were randomly and availably divided into 3 groups: aerobic (n =20) and combined (aerobic + resistance) (n =20) exercise training, and control groups (n =28). Subjects in the intervention groups performed 8 weeks of training/3 sessions per week. Each training session in aerobic and combined groups was considered for 40 minutes with the intensity of 70-85% heart rate reserved, and 60 minutes with the intensity of 40-80% one repetition maximum for each patient, respectively. In order to analyze the data, Leven, MANOVA and Bonferroni statistical tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05.

The results of one-way MANOVA test showed that the levels of functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption were increased significantly after aerobic and combined exercise training compared to control group (p <0.05). However, Bonferroni post hoc test showed no significant differences between functional capacity, ejection fraction and maximal oxygen consumption post-test levels in aerobic and combined exercise training groups (p> 0.05).

the findings of this study show that both aerobic and combined exercise training can improve the heart functional variables in middle-aged patients after bilateral femoral artery coronary bypass grafting surgery, and this improvement levels appears to be independent of the types of training.

Obesity and overweight is one of the major public health challenges all around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the simultaneous effect of eight weeks of metabolic resistance training (MRT) and Chlorogenic Acid (CGA) supplementation on weight loss, expression level of UCP1in overweight women.

The present study was a randomized clinical trial performed in 2022 on a sample of overweight women in Iran. Participants in the study were randomly divided into four groups including combined 8-week course of MRT training and CGA supplementation, 8-week course of MRT, CGA supplement, and the control group. Intervention included three training sessions per week and the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The supplementation arms were also received 400 mg / day CGA extracted from green coffee beans. Expression level of Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1) was the main interested outcome that assessed pre and post intervention.

In the MRT exercise group, UCP1 expression increased by 4.3 units on average over the 8-week intervention. The highest increase was observed in participants who received both CGA supplement and MRT exercise where UCP1 increased from 22.5 (1.2) to 28.0 (3.5) over the study period (P<0.05). No significant increase was observed in CGA supplementation group.

MRT exercises with and without CGA supplementation stimulated expression level of UCP1 mRNA.

The use of supplements, herbal extracts, and exercise training for the treatment of diseases and metabolic disorders has increased among people. Thus, the aim of this study was the study of The effect of a period of Pilates and the supplementation of Royal Jelly on inflammatory indexes of diabetic obese women.

In this quasi-experimental study 44 volunteer diabetic obese women participated and They were randomly divided into Four groups of 11 controls, Royal Jelly, Pilates, Pilates + Royal Jelly .Pilates exercise training was performed during 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 60 min per session). The subjects consumed a supplement group of 1000 mg of royal Jelly daily for 8 weeks. covariance analysis test were used to examine the in-group differences and between the research groups.

The results showed that eight weeks of Pilates and Royal Jelly Supplements significantly reduced the TNF-α, CRP and IL-6 diabetic women(P=0.001). In addition, serum glucose and serum insulin also decreased significantly in during eight weeks of Pilates and supplementation of the royal Jelly(P=0.001). Vo2max significantly Increase in training, training + supplement groups (P=0.001).

According to obtained results, it appears that Pilates training plus Royal Jelly extract consumption have better effect on serum inflammatory factors in obsess women with diabetes type 2

Although the beneficial role of exercise and antioxidants in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported, the interactive effect of aerobic training (AT) and royal jelly (RJ) consumption is still not well known. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of five weeks of ET and RJ consumption on glycemic indices of MS rats.

In this experimental trial, 49 female Sprague-Dawley rats of EAE model weighing 180-210 gr were divided into seven groups based on their motor disability, including (1) experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), (2) sham (Sh), (3) 50 mg /kg of royal jelly consumption (RJ50), (4) 100 mg /kg of royal jelly consumption (RJ100), (5) aerobic training (AT), (6) AT+RJ50, and (7) AT+RJ100. In order to investigate the effects of EAE on the variables, 7 healthy rats were included in the healthy control group (HC). AT was performed for five weeks, four sessions per week at a speed of 11-15 m/min for 30 minutes, and RJ was injected intraperitoneally with the determined dose daily. To analyze the findings, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used (P≥0.05).

Insulin levels in the RJ50, RJ100, ET, ET+RJ50 and ET+RJ100 groups were significantly lower than the EAE group (P=0.01).

It seems that aerobic training combined with royal jelly consumption has a synergistic and favorable effect on improving glycemic indices of MS rats.