مجله رویکردهای نوین در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 38 (پاییز 1401)

The present study was conducted with the general aim of identifying barriers to the development of archery in Iran. The present study was quantitative in terms of quantitative and qualitative data, in terms of applied purpose, in terms of descriptive-correlation method, in terms of sequential mixed exploration strategy (qualitative-quantitative), in terms of field data collection and in terms of time period. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative section included all archers, managers of the Archery Federation ‌ and experts in archery (N = 500). Using purposive sampling method and snowball sampling technique, 18 of them The sample was selected and the research data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with them. In the quantitative research section, the research community includes all managers and officials of relevant federations (managers of federations and provincial boards), all sports experts with at least 15 years of experience in archery and archers with at least 10 years of professional sports experience. (N = 500) that sampling was done by stratified random sampling and using the questionnaire obtained from the qualitative section, the data of this section were obtained. Finally, in order to analyze the collected data, exploratory factor analysis, K-S, one-sample t-test, Friedman ranking test and structural equation modeling with the help of SPSS and LISREL software version 23 were used. The results showed that barriers to the development of archery in Iran were infrastructure, equipment barriers, competition barriers, training barriers, media and advertising barriers, talent management barriers, managerial barriers, individual and family barriers. Also, the factor loads related to the structural model showed that the identified factors have a suitable factor load.

Scientific advances have affected all fields. The sports industry has to use new marketing methods to stay ahead of other industries. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop an e-marketing model in sports. The research method is descriptive-correlational and survey. The statistical population of the study included all managers, professors and experts familiar with e-commerce and sports marketing with at least 3 years of experimental or study experience of about 5,000 people. 384 people were selected as a sample by relative random sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect information after confirming face validity, content validity, construct validity and reliability. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed using statistical software. Also, among the factors affecting Internet marketing in the company of development and maintenance of sports venues, the highest factor was related to legal and managerial factors. It can be said that not using new methods in sports marketing, especially Internet-based methods, will reduce the efficiency and productivity of sports companies and take away their competitive power.

The purpose of this study was to prioritize the factors affecting the management information system (MIS) in the productivity of the physical education department of the Islamic Azad University of Isfahan. The research method is descriptive, applied based on the purpose and applied with a survey approach. The statistical population of this study includes all heads, principals and directors of physical education departments, faculty and physical education faculty members, supervisors, managers and experts of different sports departments of faculties, departments and physical education departments of 29 academic units of Islamic Azad universities in Isfahan. There were 202 people who received researcher-made questionnaires with appropriate validity and reliability to all members of the community. 180 questionnaires were received in full for analysis. After reviewing the results of Smirnov-Kolmogorov test and confirming the hypothesis of normality of data distribution, one-sample t-test was used to analyze the data and Friedman test was used to examine the prioritization of components from the participants' point of view. The results showed that the management information system on the components of work speed , work cost , work accuracy , and in general efficiency , has a positive and significant effect. This variable also has a positive and significant effect on improving control and monitoring status , improving planning status, improving decision making status  and in general, the effectiveness of physical education units of Azad university. Also based on these findings, MIS has a positive and significant effect on productivity. Findings derived from Friedman test showed that there is a significant difference between the components of productivity in the area of effectiveness of the establishment of management information system; So that the highest average ranks belong to the improvement of control and supervision, improvement of decision-making, speed of work, cost of work, improvement of planning and accuracy in the work, respectively. According to the results of this study, it is possible to influence the components of organizational productivity through the use of management information system in the fields of physical education of Islamic Azad University of Isfahan, so it is recommended to managers and relevant stakeholders in their planning to establish Management information systems should pay attention to the factors of improving control and supervision status, improving decision-making status, speed of work, cost of work, improving planning status and accuracy in doing work, respectively, and consider the mentioned priorities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the brand loyalty and types of customers (diversified and diehard customers) model in the Iranian sportswear industry, which was conducted on a case-by-case basis in bodybuilding clubs in Fars province.The method of this research was correlation which was done in the form of structural equations. 350 people participated in this study voluntarily. The brand loyalty questionnaire (Aaker, 1996) was used which included the factors of brand name, quality, price, brand design, advertising, store environment and service quality. The questionnaire was distributed electronically among the participants. The results were analyzed using diagnostic function tests, path analysis and independent t-test.In general, the results showed that price, advertising, product quality and store environment have a significant relationship with brand name, but for service quality and brand design, this relationship was not significant. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the diehard customers and diversified customers regarding brand name, product quality, price, store environment factor and advertising. However, there was no significant difference in brand design and service quality indicators.According to these results, it is suggested that Iranian sportswear companies pay special attention to price, product quality and store environment according to the type of customers. In order to be able to maintain their brand in the competition of sports products market and customers to be loyal to them.

Sport is one of the categories that has a complex structure and but it is affected by various chaos, also it has a dynamic order.The aim of this study was to Design a model for the effect of moral leadership in relationship between chaotic order characteristics and empowerment  in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. The method of the present research is based on a paradigm of meta-positivist research, in terms of descriptive-survey strategy and in terms of data collection method, it is among the correlation studies with the structural equation approach that has been conducted in the field. The statistical population of the study includes all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Cluster sampling was used for sampling and the sample size was determined using Cochran's formula. Out of a total of approximately 302 questionnaires distributed and collected among ministry staff, 290 questionnaires were finally analyzed by pre-processing the data and removing indifferent people and irrational data. The research instruments included five demographic information questionnaires, Chaos Management Questionnaire, Employee Empowerment, Standard Questionnaire of Ethical Leadership of Kalshan et al. (2011). Structural validity and content validity of the questionnaires have been used and confirmed in several researches in the field of sports management. Their reliability was also confirmed by performing an experiment on 30 members of the research community and calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the questionnaire (above 0.7). To analyze the data from descriptive statistics and at the level of inferential statistics from skewness and elongation test to determine the normality of the distribution of variables, homogeneity test in the form of confirmatory factor analysis to confirm items related to the main research variables and variance SEM method to test research hypotheses With the help of SPSS statistical package version 25 and Smsrt pls version 3 were used. The results showed that the characteristics of the organization's chaotic order have a positive and significant effect on empowerment and moral leadership in the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth of Iran; Also, ethical leadership has a positive and significant positive effect on the empowerment of employees, and in the causal relationship between the characteristics of chaotic order and employee empowerment has a full mediating role.

The present study seeks a model for holding major sporting events with an emphasis on national brand development. The research method is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative. In the quantitative part, the statistical population, including professors and sports activists, and the statistical sample was done by stratified random sampling. Adequate number for modeling in pls software was 300 people, all inferential statistical tests were used in SPSS24 software and for structural modeling and measuring multiple relationships between variables, smart pls were used. In the qualitative section and after coding the interviews, 59 effective components were identified. The results of the fuzzy Delphi technique section were reduced to 35 cords in four components. Exploratory factor analysis classified 35 identified indicators into 8 categories: national branding, business, managerial, event specificity, brand capability, event marketing, performance and resources. The results of path analysis showed that the event specificity factor has a positive effect on brand capability and has no effect on national and commercial branding. Event marketing has a positive effect on event specificity and performance. Management factors have a positive effect on marketing and business, a negative effect on performance and no effect on the nature of the event. Commercial factors do not have a significant effect on national branding. Brand capability has no significant effect on national branding and no significant effect on resources. The framework of the present research can create an understanding of the dimensions of the event brand based on their relationship with a set of event activities. Based on the model, it is possible to make an objective assessment of the level of management activities in each sporting event and provide the necessary scientific information on all the appropriate measures that sports organizations should take to brand a sporting event.

The purpose of this study was to identify and confirm the components of abuse management in Premier League clubs and their effect on the brand equity of the clubs. The research was conducted based on a mixture method. The statistical population in the first step (qualitative), were people aware of disciplinary cases and team players and in the second step (quantitative) were fans. In the first step, using the Delphi method and within the framework of negligence, psychological and physical indicators, the components of abuse cases in the Premier League were identified and these components were confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis. In the second step, the relationship between abuse management and brand equity was addressed. The results showed that abuse management in Premier League clubs is effective on the brand equity of these clubs. The results of this study highlight the importance of correct methods of eliminating abuses in Premier League clubs, which are described in the discussion and conclusion section.

The aim of this study was to validate the productivity model of specialized women's sports programs in the Iranian sports network. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative data collection tool was through in-depth interviews. After conducting 16 interviews with experts, the codes reached theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed simultaneously using the Strauss-Corbin approach. By performing a three-step coding process (open, pivotal, and selective), 114 non-duplicate initial codes were obtained, which were classified into 25 concepts and 5 categories. These concepts were then placed in a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative work and provided to 360 research samples, which included women athletes, women sports program audiences, and sports management students. The face and content validity of the research instrument was confirmed by a group of expert professors and its construct validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis based on the structural equation model. SPSS Sample Power software version 25 was used to determine the sample size in quantitative part and SPSS software version 25 and AMOS version 23 were used to analyze inferential statistics The results of measurement model fit indices showed that the productivity model of specialized sports programs in Iran has favorable conditions. Finally, the results of structural model fitting indicated that all variables "causal, contextual, intervening, strategies and consequences" confirm the model fit. Finally, it can be said that the productivity of the sports channel in the field of women increases the promotion of women's sports, so it is necessary for the researcher to consider the identified cases for the preparation of sports programs in the field of women's sports.

The purpose of this research was to level the relationships of professional competencies of Iranian football referees. The statistical population of this study included 13 experts, referees, experts, and faculty members who were purposefully selected. For the level of competency components of football referees, the interpretative structural modeling technique (ISM) was used by MATLAB software. For this purpose, in this research, the expert judgment system has been used and a paired questionnaire has been distributed in terms of effectiveness and impact on each other. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through formal and content validity and the alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the research, with an estimated value of 0/89. The findings showed that in the study of the relationships of the research components, the components of "managerial competency" are at the first level and "psychological competence and social competence" at the second level, indicating the high impact of these three variables. Also, the components of "knowledge merit and physical merit and field deserves" were at the third level, which was the most influential component of the professional competencies of the Iranian Football Premier League. Finally, using the MICMAC technique, variables were analyzed according to conductivity and dependence

The aim of this study was to test the fit of the structural model of the relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth mediated by environmentally friendly behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlational and was done by modeling structural equations in the maximum likelihood method. The statistical population included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and 261 subjects were selected by available sampling method. For data collection, Farokhi et al.'s Green Human Resource Management Questionnaire (2017), Shah Veisi Environmental Performance Questionnaire (2014), and Thompson and Burton Environmental Friendly Behavior Questionnaire (1994) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling through SPSS and AMOS software at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that the path coefficient between green human resource management and environmentally friendly behavior as well as between environmentally friendly behavior and environmental performance is significant and the path coefficient between green organizational resource management and environmental performance is not significant. The results of goodness-of-fit indices showed that the hypothesized research model fits with the research data. Finally, the results obtained from the bootstrap method showed that there is a significant indirect relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance through the structure of environmentally friendly behavior, but its mediating role was not confirmed. Compensation programs can lead to the realization of green human resource management programs in employees and increase the level of environmentally friendly behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to designing a social business framework in the sports industry. The research method was qualitative with a systematic exploratory approach (content analysis). Selected. Statistical population of the research included two sections of human resources (managers and consultants of sports businesses, professors and experts in sports marketing and social media) and information resources (scientific, library and relevant media). Interviewees and information resources were purposefully selected based on theoretical saturation (18 persons and 32 documents). The research tools included semi-structured exploratory interviews along with a systematic library study. The validity of the instrument was evaluated and confirmed based on practical competence, legal and scientific validity of the sample, expert opinion and agreement between the correctors. To analyze the findings, multi-stage conceptual coding method (open, selective and thematic) with thematic analysis approach was used. The final conceptual framework consisted of 93 components, 32 dimensions, 14 perspectives and 5 levels identified. Levels and perspectives, respectively, impact-effectiveness between their sub-variables, including the level of social trade ecosystem capacity in sport, social trade system level in sport, level of management and development of social trade in sports, level of strategic factors of trade situation Was social in sports and the level of utility and implications for the development of socio-sports business. Based on the research findings, it can be said that the development of communication and making more profit for sports businesses requires the application of change and innovation strategies in the business environment and the use of new marketing and customer communication approaches, along with environmental networking based on new marketing and business technology.