مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال سی و سوم شماره 6 (شهریور 1401)

In recent decades, the application of tetrazole structures in various fields of medicine and industry has become very important, because they can cause structural and thus functional changes in the proteins. In this article, the effect of a new tetrazole derivative on calf thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) as well as on bovine serum albumin protein (BSA) in the solution was determined using various spectroscopic methods in vitro.

The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of BSA proteins and Ct-DNA were studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively.

The results showed that the optical density of Ct-DNA and BSA were increased in the resukt of interactions with oxindolin-(H1-tetrazol-5-yl) acetonitrile at 260 and 280 nm. The emission spectra of Ct-DNA and BSA decreased dependent to the concentration of oxindolin-(H1-tetrazol-5-yl) acetonitrile, which indicates the binding of oxindolin-(H1-tetrazol-5-yl) acetonitrile to chromophores in Ct-DNA and BSA. Binding of oxindolin-(H1-tetrazol-5-yl) acetonitrile causes a significant increase in ellipticity, circular dichroism of DNA molecules in the regions of 220 and 275 nm, and increase in its negativity in 245 nm, which shows an stronger binding of oxindolin- (H1-tetrazol-5-yl) acetonitrile to Ct-DNA. As the concentration increases, the molar ellipse associated with the alpha helix in the BSA structure becomes more negative in the 220 nm region, which indicates an increase in the amount of irregular coils in the structure of BSA.

The obtained results can provide useful information in the field of designing drugs with tetrazole derivatives with more anti-tumor effect and less side effects.

Silver nanoparticles are among the most important and widely used nanoparticles used in biological researchs. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by green method has various advantages that make these nanoparticles useful for interdisciplinary studies. Leukemias are one of the most common malignancies among children, and various methods have been introduced to treat them. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized with Thymus vulgaris plant extract on Molt-4 leukemic cell line, which belongs to acute lymphoid leukemias and is used for in vitro studies.

In this study, we first synthesized silver nanoparticles with Thymus vulgaris extract using green synthesis method. Then, the nanoparticles were tested and approved by D.L.S technology. The synthesized nanoparticles along with the extract of Thymus vulgaris plant were exposed to Molt-4 cells at 48 and 72 hours. The amount of cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT test, and the amount of necrosis and apoptosis in the cells was checked by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method.

The obtained information indicated the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the extract of Thymus vulgaris plant. The size of the synthesized nanoparticles was between 20 and 35 nanometers. The IC50 value for Molt-4 cells also decreased with increasing time. Also, Thymus vulgaris extract and nanoparticles induced primary and secondary apoptosis as well as necrosis in Molt-4 cells.

This study confirms the effect of nanoparticles and Thymus vulgaris plant on induction of cell death in the studied cells and introduces a potential factor for the treatment of these diseases.

Capparis decidua (Kair) is an important economic plant belonging to the family of Capparaceae. This plant is mainly found in desert areas, and is resistant to temperature, salinity, and drought stresses. This species is valuable for medicinal purposes, food (fruits and pickles), providing animal fodder, fuel wood, and timber. C. decidua is traditionally used as anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-diabetic, anti-worm, anti-bacterial, anti-acne and blister, toothache relief, anti-fertility, and as an appetizer. It also has beneficial effects in the treatment of various diseases such as asthma, diabetes, liver disorders, blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and microbial infections. The present review introduces the traditional uses, herbal chemical compounds, and medicinal properties of this widely used plant.

The present study is a review article that was conducted by an electronic search in Civilica, SID, Springer, PubMed, Science Direct, and Willy.

These medicinal properties are due to the presence of herbal compounds such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, sterols, vitamins and fatty acids in the extract of different parts of Kair. In spite of its medicinal value, C. decidua has been neglected in both traditional medicine and scientific research in Iran.

A review of the studies conducted in Iran shows that the medicinal value of C. decidua in Iran has been neglected both in traditional medicine and in scientific research, and the present research can provide information to those interested in the field of medicinal plants. It can also provide the basis for further studies on this valuable plant.

Fetuin-A and Fetuin B have effective role in age-related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effect of 8 weeks combined training along with consumption of Mulberry Leaf Extract on serum Fetuin-A and Fetuin B levels in elderly men with type 2 diabetes

In this case-control study, 40 elderly people with diabetes were randomly divided into five groups of: control (n = 8), placebo (n = 8), extract (n= 8), training (n=8), and extract + training (n = 8). Training was done for eight weeks and three sessions of 90 minutes each. 3000 ml of Mulberry Leaf Extract per day was prescribed along with three main meals. Fetuin A and Fetuin B levels were measured before the intervention and 48 hours after the last training session. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical software at a significance level of P<0.05 and using paired t-test and analysis of covariance.

In the training, extract, and training+extract groups, a significant decrease in fetuin-A and fetuin B levels was observed (P<0.05). The extract + training group shows a larger decrease in Fetuin A (6.02%) and Fetoin B (5.09%) compared to the pre-test. Between groups analyses showed significant differences in the levels of Fetuin (P=0.002) and Fetuin B (P=0.001), and these changes were greater in the extract + training group than them in the training and extract groups.

The results of this research showed that prescribing a combined exercise program along with the consumption of Mulberry Leaf Extract in diabetic elderly can possibly have a positive effect on Fetoin A, Fetoin B levels.

252Cf is a source of emission of neutron, gamma rays, and beta and alpha particles. In the common models of this source used in brachytherapy, only neutrons and gamma rays contribute in the dosimetry around the source. In this study, while investigating the escape of beta rays and bremsstrahlung X-rays from the source capsule of brachytherapy 252Cf of Isotron model, the dosimetry of the total effective radiation in the water environment around the source was performed and the total equivalent dose increase was calculated using 10B particles.

Dosimetry for the neutron rays, the primary gammas, the secondary gammas, the beta particles, and the bremsstrahlung X-rays in the spherical water phantom performed with the radius of 20 cm at the distances of 0.5 to 6 cm from the source using the Monte Carlo MCNPX.2.6.0 code. Dose increment factor was calculated using B10 particles with a concentration of 50 ppm.

The highest relative difference in dose values, taking into account the X-ray and the beta particles their absence at the distance of 0.5 cm from the source, was %19. As the distance from the source increases, the effect of these rays on the total equivalent dose rate decrease, as in the distance of 2.5 cm distance, its values reach less than % 0.5. The boron effect on the total equivalent dose increases by distance from the source, as at the 0.5 to 6 cm distances from the source will increase from %0.01 to more than % 22.

According to the findings of this study, the dose of the X-rays and the beta particles passing through the source capsule are effective in the dosimetry around the source, and increasing the dose by 10B depends on increasing the tumor source distance, which should be considered in clinical applications.

Nephrolithiasis is one of the common diseases that is seen in one case out of thirteen women and one case out of seven men. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of prophylactic Phenylephrine in the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery.

In this experimental study, 60 patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery with ASA I and II, were randomized to receive prophylaxis with ephedrine or placebo immediately before the spinal anesthesia. Patients in the ephedrine group received an intravenous bolus of 10 mg ephedrine. Mean arterial, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, nausea, and vomiting during surgery and recovery were recorded.

The incidence of blood pressure drop in the ephedrine group was lower than spinal anesthesia in 3, 6, 9 and 15 minutes (P values were 0.01, 0.03, 0.04, and 0.03, respectively). There were no significant differences between two groups in heart rate in different time of study (P>0.05). In the Ephedrine group, the incidence of nausea and vomiting during and after surgery was significantly lower (P values were 0.03, 0.04, 0.04, 0.03, respectively).

At the dose of ephedrine administered in this trial, the ability of this drug to prevent hypotension during percutaneous nephrolithotomy surgery with spinal anesthesia was significant. Higher incidences of hypotension were observed in the placebo group.

Interventional studies about platelet rich plasma efficacy in the patients with Repeated Implantation Failure (RIF) are not sufficient, while RIF is one of the major limiting factors in treating infertile patients. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate whether autologous intrauterine platelet rich plasma (PRP) instillation improves endometrial thickness (ET) in RIF patients during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).

In this interventional study, a total of 20 women were enrolled whose embryo transfer cycles were canceled due to lack of proper growth of the endometrium or repeated implantation failure. In the study subjects, PRP was administered intrauterinely, and ultrasound was performed again 72 hours after the injection and the thickness of the endometrium was checked with Doppler ultrasound. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.

The mean ET was calculated 6.80 ± 1.46 mm on the 10th day of menstruation, but 72 hours after the first PRP infusion, the mean ET was 8.09 ± 2 mm. The mean differences of increasing ET was 1.28 ± 0.53 mm (P < 0.02). After 72 hour of infusion, endometrial vascularity was good in 9 patients (45%) and moderate in 11 patients (55%). Two weeks following IVF-ET, β-HCG test was positive in 9 patients (45%) and negative in 11 patients (55%).     

The use of autologous PRP significantly improved the ET and endometrial vascularity, and most importantly increased pregnancy rate and live birth rates in RIF patients.

Preterm childbirth refers to the birth of a live child before gestational age of 37 weeks, and is one of the most important determinants of neonatal morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The present study aims to determine the effect of prenatal exercise on preterm childbirth and neonatal consequences and outcomes in primiparous pregnant women.

The present study was enrolled on 80 healthy primiparous pregnant women of Damghan city who met the conditions to enter the study in 2020 and randomization was carried out online.The supervised sports included: individual walking two days a week with self- chosen intensity based on the principle of load increase as well as sitting palates along with stand pregnancy aerobics with moderate intensity three times a week and each time was 45 minutes, which started from 18 to 20 weeks and continued until 37 to 39 weeks of pregnancy. The comparison group had usual care during pregnancy. Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t test were used to compare two groups.

There was no significant difference in the rate of preterm birth in the two groups. The results of independent t-tests showed that there is a significant difference in the Apgar variables of the first minute (p=0.017) and oxygen saturation (p=0.001) between the two intervention and comparison groups. Also, the results of this research showed that there was a relationship between the group (intervention or comparison) and neonatal outcome (positive or negative) and being in the intervention group is a predictor of positive neonatal outcome.

Besides having a positive effect on neonatal outcomes (Apgar score and oxygen saturation), regular and managed exercise leads to positive outcomes in neonatal outcomes, especially reducing hospitalizations.