فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگ - ارتباطات
پیاپی 60 (زمستان 1401)

The great revolutions, in a general interpretation and regardless of theoretical controversies, are known as great transformations and fundamental changes that destroy the previous social order and establish a new order. In response to the problem which how this change and transformation and reordering manifests there exists different theories in social sciences. The primary formulations of how the new order is established in society were done by social contract theorists and then by political economists. Hobbes's question, however, is at the center of all investigations: How is it possible for people with different desires to form a society? How can different desires make a single embodiment possible? Sociology opposed with different forms of contractarianism which investigated social affairs by means of something outside the social logic; Sociology examined the question of social order within human collective relations; In response to this problem, Durkheim mentions the experience of society as a value connecting element, and Weber considers charisma as the valuer which unites people whether through submission or faith in it. Concepts such as holiness mass excitement; mass ebullition; charisma and mass ecstasy overlap in Durkheim and Webber, which provide the possibility of understanding major social changes through the combination of these concepts. Since revolutions are transformative and organizer events of social life, By analyzing the situation and nature of them, it is possible to answer the question of how social order is formed.

The following article seeks to understand the power relations participating in the discourse formation of Iran's water problem in “Shargh” and “Iran” newspapers. To this end, critical discourse analysis has been applied and 14 samples “Shargh” and “Iran” newspapers from 2013/8/3 to 2020/3/19 have been reviewed. According to the findings, some texts of the “Shargh” newspaper were published with the aim of laying the groundwork for implementation of the plans and policies of the 11th and 12th governments programs. In “Iran” newspaper, the role of officials and policy makers in creating the crisis and their responsibility in solving it is invisible. Furthermore, some of the “Iran” newspaper texts indirectly serve to vindicate government’s failure in solving the water crisis and reduce the expectations from the government. In “Iran” newspaper, people are blamed for not participating in solving the problem. In this way, the structures that prevent people's participation are become invisible and people's participation is reduced to saving. “Iran” newspaper portrays the society as a savior and discourages them from changing government policies. Based on the results, the effect of political powers on the formation of the water problem discourse in these newspapers is evident. Furthermore, water issue has become an excuse to make the opposition party appear ineffective, reduce expectations from the 11th and 12th governments, and eliminate responsibility from the governments and parliamentarians.

Iranian women, for the first time, owned newspapers for women with the advent of the Constitutional Revolution (1906). Newspapers were the only mass media in Iran during the Qajar period (1789-1925). Women's newspapers were also the most important tool of the women's movement in the struggle for gender equality. This study aimed to identify women's family issues and demands in women's newspapers in the constitutional era (1906-1925). The findings of this study showed that women's newspapers in the constitutional era considered the domination of patriarchy in society as the root of all women's issues and problems. Patriarchal domination for Iranian women had various consequences, including the forced marriage of girls, child marriage, polygamy for men, domestic violence against women, prevention of women's employment, feminization of poverty, and the spread of prostitution. For this reason, women in their newspapers strongly criticized the dominance of patriarchal discourse in society. They sought to undermine the patriarchal discourse in society. The purpose of the women's newspapers was to pave the way for family law changes in the country. In this way, they sought to control the negative consequences of patriarchy on the lives of Iranian women.

This study aim is critical discourse analysis of representation discourse confrontation of "Damascus Time" movie. This movie has been produced with "OWJ Media” organization financial support. So, this movie has been produced with State-ownership and based on its favorable discourses. The Islamic Republic of Iran fought ISIS in the Syrian war for political, cultural, and social reasons. This movie represented Iranian pilots’ activities in Syria and their fight against ISIS. In this study, this movie was analyzed based on Theo van Leeuwen's critical discourse analysis method. results Show that this movie represents actors in the ISIS and non-ISIS poles. So, ISIS are fundamentalist, absolutist, big-bodied, fierce, and savage and non-ISIS are Civilized, fit body and normal. The discourse polarization of this movie is in accordance with the desired polarization of power in Iran. In other words, we see Foucault's "Panopticism" of power to spread the beliefs and discourse sought to build the nation's approval. In addition, both poles have Prototypes of each other; ISIS call other, religion and God enemies and in contrast non-ISIS, all ISIS call irrational and savage.

The local press does not have the power to compete against the national press for various reasons, including the inability to provide the content required by the audience. The purpose of this study is to design a content quality management model in local Iranian newspapers to improve their content. This applied research was conducted with a qualitative-exploratory approach. The research community has included professors, experts, and activists in the field of local newspapers, among whom the number of 12 people continued to reach theoretical saturation through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The analysis was done through the foundation data method through Strauss and Corbin coding in three open, central, and selective levels in the Maxqda 2020 software. Then the concepts were presented in the form of a paradigmatic model (causal conditions, central phenomenon, strategies, background conditions, intervention, and consequences) and its validity and reliability were also confirmed based on the three-tier method. The results showed that the content of the local press can be effective in attracting the audience. In this way, the local newspapers of Iran need to innovate in the way of writing, control, monitoring, and correct targeting, paying attention to the current issues of the society, etc. increase society's thoughts.

The media have an impact on nutrition culture and eating habits, but there does not seem to be a well-codified, coherent, and strategic program for the content of media nutrition programs in Iran. Lack of oversight of media productions and content is a big issue that can damage the culture of the audience and society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the current situation and how the content of television nutrition programs and their role in culture is.The research method is based on the qualitative content analysis approach. Data are recorded and collected, implemented, reduced, deduced, and analyzed based on the method of Mayring. Three programs from Persian language networks were selected as sample. The purposeful sampling method is selected.The results showed 6 categories of culture manifestation in TV food programs, cooking, nutrition sociology, luxury status, leisure, and the appearance and construction of programs along with their subcategories in food TV programs were displayed. It was found that the status of food TV programs includes: modeling and representing culture, showing luxury, the presence of religion in the field of food, ignoring social classes and the lack of visual effects.Television plays an important role in transmitting values, changing attitudes and behaviors, and guiding the lifestyle and culture of society. Food can change the thinking, habits, values of societies. It is necessary for healthy food programs in the media to preserve the identity of the Iranian food culture to have sufficient and accurate monitoring of the programs.

In this article, we propose a technique for implementing discourse analysis. In this sense, discourse is closely related to the concept of praxis, owing to its theoretical and philosophical roots. Based on this intellectual background, discourse can be considered to have practical material aspects to the extent that discourse and praxis can be analyzed together. The significance of this perception is that it both frees discourse from mental perceptions and turns praxis into an empirically measurable concept. This technique has a more concrete validity criterion and is less dependent on the researcher's mentality. The result of the research, by reviewing an example, shows how to extract meaningful signs that together form a coherent system. In this approach, discourse is studied as a language game that evaluate subject and object intertwined. This technique is more compatible with combined theories in contemporary sociology.

At present, the borders of the digital games market in the country have occupied a small area in the vast geography of the global digital games market compared to abroad. Expanding this area requires all stakeholders in this area to work together, by entering new realms and focusing on images obtained from futures studies activities. Therefore, this dissertation intends to take advantage of the Blue Ocean Strategy and applying Scenario planning and the library research, it identifies influencing factors, and possible scenarios for “the role of the IRIB in the Improvement of Iranian Digital Games Market.” Studying the research literature, implementing three rounds of Delphi with 27 experts and using Micmac and Scenario Wizard software, two key uncertainties of "launching a television game channel" and "regulator and regulation" with Possible situations for each of them has led to four scenario spaces, namely, “Paradise”, “Temple of Ammon”, “Hero of Empty”, and “Invisible Man”. Then, by combining quadripartite scenarios with quadripartite facility "ERRC", the strategic landscape of the movement of the IRIB organization towards the blue ocean was identified. The final results showed that the IRIB could, in a mutual benefit, take advantage of the capacities and opportunities gained from the digital gaming television channel, in addition to creating a new advantage to attract non-customers, By increasing the rate of game acceptance in the society, the proportion of everyone in enlarging the consumption basket of digital games, and following that, the development of the country's digital games market will be revealed.

The study of books as one of the most important examples of cultural taste of citizens is one of the important issues and major concerns of developing countries to the extent that the importance of reading books is one of the fundamental components in development in the general sense and one of the tools of economic development. therefore; The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between "cultural capital and cultural taste of Tehran citizens in the field of consumption or reading books." The research method is analytical-descriptive and the research data has been collected in a survey (questionnaire). The statistical population is citizens over 15 years old in Tehran. The sampling method was cluster random in five areas (north, south, west, east and center) and the sample size was selected using Morgan sample size table of 400 people. The validity of the formal research tool and the reliability using Cronbach's alpha (total) was 0.885. The results show Pearson correlation coefficient; Among the independent variables of individual education (0.401), cultural and artistic activities (0.538), interest in reading books (0.602), music consumption (0.595) and film and serial consumption (0.410) and the dependent variable, ie cultural taste of book consumption, there is a positive and significant relationship. The results of one-way analysis of variance test also indicate a significant difference in the cultural taste of book consumption in proportion to the cultural capital of individuals. In other words; The more cultural capital people have, the more and different their cultural tastes will be in different types of books (generalities, society, religion, philosophy and psychology, history and geography, art, entertainment and sports, literature, technology, science, language).

The purpose of this study was to identify the components of professional publishing and the consequences of non-professional publishing in Iran. The study used the Grounded Theory method and fell under the qualitative research category. Snowball sampling was used to select 16 experts and professionals in the field of book publishing for the statistical sample. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, which was done up until theoretical saturation. The interviews were implemented and coded, and finally, the central category was obtained by knowing the consequences, strategies, contexts, causal conditions and interveners. Based on the results, the correct understanding of the nature of publishing, having specialized and up-to-date knowledge, and having the facilities and equipment are the main factors in the formation of professional publishing. In order to achieve professional publishing, it is necessary to pay attention to the mechanisms of the publishing economy, proper planning and marketing, and new technologies to be given serious attention by publishing activists, and a suitable policy regarding full-time employment of publishers, support for publishing activists, culture building and the use of new technologies in be taken Reducing dependence on the government, disregarding publishing laws, trade union interference, economic problems and low quality of books are among the problems that should be in the focus of activists, planners and policy makers in the field of publishing, and the sum of these measures can produce quality works that are in line with market needs and also help the specialized activity of publishers which leads to the professionalization of publishing.

This study is aimed at identifying features that make news related media appealing. Participants in the study were chosen from news correspondents, university professors and news experts. The data were collected through interviews where the key question was "what factors do affect the way viewers use news related websites?" The analysis was made using the paradigm model of Strauss and Corbin. The results show how the following features affect the model used by viewers while referring to news websites: educational parameters, cyberspace effects, management styles, infrastructure factors and international communications. The interfering factors keeping the study from achieving its goals are as follows: ideological contradictions, factionalized media, de-globalization, mismanagement, technical shortcomings, fake and contradicting news, poor content, not being updated, organizational difficulties. Strategies suggested to make news websites more appealing are managerial, applicable, international, precautionary and infrastructural. Organizational implications are the key result of applying the aforementioned strategies. It has been emphasized that quality content exceeds all the other factors in making a news website more appealing to viewers.

The media play a central role in the cultural formations of the society, and they play this game not only by reflecting the culture, but also by participating in culture-building. In this article, by focusing on the texts produced for the elite audience, it has been tried to analyze the content specific to this type of audience and the way of representing the epistemological and intellectual ideas that are among the intellectual concerns of the elite audience; be analyzed. We are also looking for it; Let's show how the mechanism of formation of knowledge for the elite audience is in the TV talk show and how the multiple subjects and their intellectual order are represented in discourse. In other words, are different voices reflected in the texts broadcasted by IRIB - and finally it will be examined how the contemporary discourses of Iran are in conflict with each other on the TV of the Islamic Republic of Iran. For this purpose, Zavya's video magazine was selected as a case study and 43 episodes of this program have been studied by the method of critical discourse analysis (Laclau and Mouffe approach) for a period from 1397 to September 1400. The most important results of the research show that the dominant discourse of the examined texts is the discourse of political Islam,and this discourse is articulated with signs such as the revival of Islamic civilization, Islamization and localization of humanities, Islamic rationality, inseparability of religion from politics. confrontation with the West, Islamic-Iranian model of progress, and in this way, by hegemonic intervention in rival discourses, legitimizes the discourse of the Islamic Revolution.