نشریه مطالعات برنامه ریزی قلمرو کوچ نشینان
پیاپی 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Introduction:

 One of the most important approaches to understanding the characteristics of each region is its vegetation study. Therefore, identifying the characteristics of vegetation, explaining its services, functions and ecological and economic values can be a suitable guide for the segregation and differentiation of potential regions. Genus Astragalus is one of the plant genera with abundant variety and abundance. This genus has been distributed and growthed in Iran and most parts of the world. One of the most important species of this genus is Astragalus adscendens Boiss. & Hausskn, which is known as the tragacanth plant and the only host of the Psyllid insect that produces an exclusive product called Ghazangbin.

Purpose of the research: 

Plant diversity in rangelands and, consequently, the abundance of animal species can provide diverse service and functional potentials and values. Due to climate conditions and utilization techniques of arid and semi-arid rangelands, this species has become especially important issue.

Methodology :

Due to the review nature of the research, the data collection method has been used in a documentary-library method.Geographical area of research Considering the extent and distribution of A. adscendens in the Zagros region and the territory of the Bakhtiari tribe, it is necessary to study the ecology, geographical distribution and functions of this species.

Results and discussion:

 This study has examined the ecology, geographical distribution, and ecosystem functions and services of A. adscendens.

Conclusion:

 The effective and efficient strategies for the protection and management of this species can be achieved by introducing and identifying the ecological needs and values and functions of the species in the form of ecosystem goods and services and identifying its threatening factors and own Psyllid insect.

Introduction:

 Balancing the levels of development in rural areas of the country has always been considered in recent decades. This type of study is more important in rural areas with nomadic backgrounds and settlements formed by nomadic settlements. In order to eliminate inequalities, it is necessary to recognize the existing differences and inequalities between regions and classify them in terms of economic, social and natural facilities and characteristics, and to formulate and implement a program for each region according to its conditions.

The purpose of this study is to determine and evaluate the level of development of villages in Garmi County.

Methodology :

To measure the level of development of villages, several indicators are used, which are evaluated by known methods today. The Morris method is one of the most valid methods for determining development, which has been used in the United Nations Development Program to grade areas in terms of development (physical-human). In Morris's method, villages are classified according to different indicators and criteria. The research method is based on recognizing the current situation and analyzing its structures and facilities, which are studied by recognizing and examining the human, economic, physical and spatial, environmental and natural conditions prevailing in the County.Geographical area of research The geographical area of the present study is the villages of Garmi city.

According to the research results, the levels of rural development are quite heterogeneous. Out of 284 villages studied, 3 villages are first grade, 69 villages are second grade, 209 villages are third grade and 4 villages are in the fourth degree of development level and also there is a very strong relationship between the population of villages and the level of development.

The large differences between rural areas in terms of levels of development indicate that facilities and services are not fairly distributed among rural areas.

Nomads, who have always been considered as important production factors in the agricultural sector and play a significant role in the stability of security in the border areas, due to the lack of infrastructure and also the lack of capital in the economic sector, they mainly face problems that without a doubt pay little attention to solving this problem. The issues will lead to many problems for them and for the destruction of the environment. Facilities with low fee rates are one of the solutions for creating economic mobility in rural and nomadic areas, which can have a significant impact on the stable employment of nomadic areas if properly planned in its distribution.

This article aims to investigate how to distribute sustainable rural employment facilities in the nomadic areas of North Khorasan.

The descriptive-analytical method and the basis of the investigation is the facility registration system called Kara during 2016 to the end of 2019.Geographical area of research The geographical area of the current study is the nomadic areas of North Khorasan.

Despite the fact that most of the facilities in the province are allocated to the agricultural sector, on the one hand, the facilities are directed towards the centers of the cities and less are allocated to the borders, and on the other hand, the facilities of the nomadic sector have an inappropriate distribution between cities and within the department. A very small share has reached the sectors of industry and services related to agriculture.

Therefore, it should not be expected that this facility will cause a special dynamic in the mobility of the nomadic economy, and by reviewing the distribution process of this facility and reducing non-expert interventions, its effectiveness can be increased.

Introduction:

 "Grass" is one of the first ethnographic documentaries, a film directed by Marianne Cooper, Shod Sack and American Harrison, made in 1304 AH (1925 AD).

The subject of this film is the visual narration of the Baba Ahmadi tribe migrating from the Bakhtiari tribe under the leadership of Haidar Khan and his son Lotfali as the main character, which is a type of field research with observation and participation.

The present study critiques sociological and film studies using the method of "ethnography" influenced by American romantic theory and compares it with Malinowski's theory in New Guinea. The research method is documentary and historical, and based on the content analysis, the film "Grass" is "interpretive".Geographical area of research The study area is Koohrang, Lali and Masjed Soleiman counties. According to the grass film, more than fifty thousand men and women, along with a large number of cattle, started migrating from Khuzestan to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari at a distance of more than 500 km in the spring (early May).

Based on the secondary analysis, the findings related to the film "Grass" were reviewed and critiqued, then by matching the findings and comparing it with the original contents of the film, its theme was critically reviewed and analyzed. Finally, while reviewing and criticizing the film, it was found that: "Lack of reflection" is evident in ethnography.

Based on the "Emik" method in the ethnographic method, it can be said that Cooper and his colleagues viewed the events around them more from their own point of view than the nomadic people of Bakhtiari tribe. Also, based on the "ethical" approach (internal view of what is happening around), the theme of the film was criticized, because according to Georgel Pasad's view, active and participatory observation should always be formed in the field of research. It can also be said that the film "Grass" has a kind of "Orientalist" view (from the point of view of Edward Said), because "Orientalism" is a history of the East in a way that is preferred by Westerners.

Introduction :

Local communities have traditionally and historically been associated with nature and its structural components. In this interaction livelihood needs are met and rural and nomadic life is formed. Cultural and social diversity in local communities leads to diversity in the exposure and use of natural resources.

Purpose of the research:

 In this study using the qualitative approach of content analysis, after introducing Bakhtiari Townships in the Zagros forests, paper that have analyzed the social and economic issues of Bakhtiari forest communities have been identified and then introduce the type of dependencies on forest resources.

This article is a descriptive article that uses the qualitative method of content analysis to analyze the content of research works related to the topic of exposure of local communities to the forest elements of the Central Zagros.Geographical area of research The geographical area of the present study is the local Bakhtiari communities of the Central Zagros.

Results and discussion :

A total of 11 Bakhtiari townships are located in or adjacent to the forests of the Zagros. Out of 13 papers reviewed, 11 papers are dedicated to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and only 2 cases are dedicated to Lorestan province. According to this study, the main forms of demand and dependence of local Bakhtiari communities located in and adjacent to the forest areas of Central Zagros, including firewood, under floor farming, livestock grazing, use of medicinal and edible plants, harvesting forest fruits, rural housing development and outdoor recreation.

  A noteworthy and largely overlooked point in the analysis of the human relationship with the forest is that the relationship is not merely a mechanical and instrumentalist process that only local communities look at the forest as a source of supply only to meet their needs, but this relationship existential and It has an ontology that realizes the direct dependence of the existence of forest dwellers on the forest.

Introduction:

 Everyone's life depends on a method that he chooses as his lifestyle so that it either causes human growth and perfection or provides destruction and decay.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the harms of cyberspace in the life style of Iranian ethnic groups with a case study of the Bakhtiari people.

This research has been collected by using the method of descriptive-analytical libraries by studying different views and points of view in this field. Therefore, the present article deals with the purpose of describing and analyzing the various harms of cyberspace in terms of ethnic life and has been extracted by a descriptive-analytical method with the policy research model of the mentioned dimensions.Geographical area of research The present study is responsible for investigating the causes, roots, contexts, components and consequences in a scientific and integrated way.

The findings show that duct space has a great impact on people's lifestyles. Actors in this field, while targeting users' thoughts and beliefs, try to change their lifestyle.

The use of cyberspace and the pervasive technology of the Internet, as a scientific advancement and facilitative tool in human life, is a desirable and undeniable necessity. This emerging phenomenon, like other technological phenomena, along with the many benefits and services it has provided to human society, has cultural risks and undesirable religious harms, especially for tribes and clans, which can be carefully planned and properly addressed. He was safe

Introduction:

 A deep understanding of the process of managerial change from traditional to the current conventional management in the field of rangeland is effective in identifying most of their problems and challenges and, thus, help to develop appropriate strategies for sustainable rangeland management.

After a brief introduction, in line with rangeland management developments, five main aims are examined. First, a history of traditional rangeland management is presented (1). Following this, the historical trend of weakening the traditional rangeland management is described (2). Then, rangeland management in the period after the Islamic Revolution of Iran (from 1978 onwards) is explained (3). In the following, laws and regulations in the context of rangeland management are mentioned and the emergence of new challenges is examined (4). Finally, while reviewing rangeland statistics in different historical periods, based on the latest statistics, a report on rangeland survey is presented (5).

Based on a review study and use of sources and documents, and by reviewing historical sources in the field of rangeland management, the paper evaluates the data and information of historical periods.Geographical area of research The geographical scope of the present study is the historical evaluation of rangeland management developments, based on a review study and the use of sources and documents on an Iranian scale.

The results of summarizing and reviewing the sources show that during the developments of historical periods, rangeland management has undergone major changes due to various factors.

In the direction of an  integrated management, it is necessary to pay attention to a comprehensive perspective that can use all the potentials of a region for sustainable rangeland management. In the second part, in an other paper, demographic changes and livelihood developments of rangeland users in the context of rangeland management  Iran are examined.

Introduction :

Poverty has long been one of the greatest problems of human societies and is a social, economic, cultural and political reality that and now society, despite the huge changes that have taken place in various fields of science, is facing and from The main concerns of planners in rural areas are to achieve sustainable development. The most important purpose of this study is to investigate strategies to reduce poverty in rural areas of Barouq County.

Considering the geographical distribution of nomads in Iran and the need to determine the area of this community with a special method of activity and conducting specialized research and studies, the purpose of this study is to determine the area of Iranian nomads based on available sources and census results of nomadic tribes in 1987. 1998 and 2008.

In terms of practical purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive-analytical method, library and field methods were used to collect data and information. In this study, by conducting 19 semi-structured interviews, the most important strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities of Bavargh city were identified and then to weight and rank each of the internal and external factors in the SWOT matrix from 12 points of view. The opinions of 17 people from the statistical community were used to finalize the strategies. SWOT analysis and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) were used to analyze the data and information.Geographical area of research The geographical area of this research is Barouq County of West Azerbaijan province.

In this County, investment strategies and development of downstream mining and petrochemical industries and branding of handicrafts with an attractiveness of 2.71%, creation and development of small rural businesses in economic sectors (services, agriculture, industry) with a rate of / 21 2, Barooq tourism development with emphasis on ecotourism using government facilities and private sector participation with a rate of 2.11 and completion of Miandoab to Sarcham intermediate project and for tourism development and spatial access with a rate of 2.05% as the most important Strategies were identified.

The results showed the development of downstream mining and petrochemical industries and branding of handicrafts, creation and development of small businesses, tourism development with emphasis on the development of ecotourism houses and the establishment and development of workshops for processing livestock products (dairy) And livestock development are the most important strategies to reduce poverty in rural and nomadic areas of Barouq County.

Introduction:

 Nomadism has a productive and developmental economy. The irreplaceable functioning of the nomadic economy and products causes the improvement and transformation of this part of the national economy to always be an important effort. Despite the importance of the nomadic productive economy, there are serious challenges facing the country's nomads, so that many of them have either left this field of activity or are dissatisfied with employment in this field. Spatial inequalities and gaps are among the priority issues related to the nomadic economy that have received less attention. South Khorasan province is one of the nomadic regions which is in the fifth row of the country.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze the current situation in terms of distribution and spatial enjoyment of the main elements of nomadic economy (labor, livestock and rangeland) in order to better understand spatial inequalities in nomadic areas of South Khorasan province.

The present research has an applied nature and in terms of method is descriptive-analytical and in-depth. Research data have been collected based on documentary studies. The initial database was created in Excel software and after entering the necessary information into ArcMap and GeoDa software, spatial data analysis was performed and output maps were prepared.Geographical area of research In this research, the geographical territory includes the nomads of the cities of South Khorasan province.

Following the adaptation of the information of the three pillars of pasture, livestock and labor in the nomadic spaces of South Khorasan, the results showed that there is no equal and balanced access to these three important pillars in the cities; So that the areas with the most livestock are not very rich in terms of manpower and pasture.

Finally, it can be said that the deepening of inequality and spatial rupture in terms of the foundations of the nomadic economy is an epidemic in space. Therefore, it is necessary to plan development with a space management approach in terms of activities and important capacities of the nomadic economy in order to reduce inequalities.

Introduction:

 With the emergence of socio-economic and environmental problems, an approach should be considered that originates from the depths of indigenous ideas. One of the proposed ways in this field as the key to a sustainable world order is the rural ecosystem model. Studies show that on the one hand, the need and importance of addressing livability in relation to the new tasks of rural planning in responding to the needs of post-industrial society, which is strongly in search of facilities and quality of life has increased sharply. On the other hand, viability has become doubly important because of the threats to life today.

Purpose of the research: 

This study has been compiled with the aim of extracting the effective factors and their impact on the situation of rural livelihood in Lorestan province.

The type of applied research is the descriptive-analytical method used. The study area in this study is villages with more than 20 households in Lorestan province. Based on the spatial sampling method, 55 villages were selected as study places to analyze the factors.Due to the effect on the viability of the studied villages, the fuzzy dimmat technique has been usedGeographical area of research According to the latest national and provincial divisions in 1397, Lorestan province includes 11 cities, 30 cities, 31 districts, 87 villages and 3406 villages and its center is Khorramabad.

In order to measure the impact of factors on rural livelihood in Lorestan, components in different dimensions were extracted, which are discussed below.

Total factor analysis showed that the economic factor with a weight of 0.27 in the first place and then the physical-infrastructure index with a weight of 0.25, social index with a weight of 0.23, ecology index with a weight of 0.12, institutional management index with a weight of 08 / 0 and ICT index with a weight of 0.05 are in the next categories. Paying attention to the issue of rural livelihood gives planners the knowledge that in rural areas of Lorestan should first create job opportunities for different age and gender groups in rural areas, government and non-governmental organizations support local entrepreneurs and optimal marketing of rural products the payment. Improving and renovating rural housing, organizing the disposal of human and animal waste in the village, mechanization of agricultural activities and construction of roads, rural roads and passages in their work priority and organizing the economic and physical conditions of the villages to the desired situation first In addition to improving economic and physical conditions, to solve social and cultural problems radically.

Introduction:

 Entrepreneurship as an issue is considered by different approaches and perspectives. This topic as a tool to achieve prosperity and ultimately development, it has shifted from investing and providing infrastructure to motivating (providing psychological conditions); what is called empowerment. Empowerment has different dimensions and approaches and one of them is psychological empowerment. What is reviewed here is the role of news in promoting the entrepreneurial intention of semi-nomads.

The purpose of this study is to determine the function of news in promoting entrepreneurship in Sarvabad County.

The present quantitative research, which was conducted by survey method, seeks to investigate the effectiveness of news as a tool to promote intention to entrepreneurship. This survey was accompanied by referring to the relevant theoretical literature to extract influential variables and indicators and use questionnaires as research tools. Finally, the data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS software and used Friedman test, one-sample t-test and Pearson correlation.Geographical area of research Geographical area of the study: The geographical area of this study is the residents of the villages of Horaman Takht district, Sarvabad city in Kurdistan province, who have a semi-nomadic life.

The research findings indicate that the use of news as part of the daily program in the area is in good condition.

According to the results of Pearson test, there is a significant relationship between entrepreneurial intention and news and a positive (direct) correlation, and it can be acknowledged that with increasing hours of semi-nomads use of news, the motivation to work in the area increases.

Tourists are no longer looking for mundane services, and the postmodern era has shown its effects on the tourism industry inspired by particular tourism. Given that nomadic areas as a cultural heritage, include special features and intangible and spiritual values, it seems that the nomadic lifestyle is very compatible with this new tourism market.

Qaraqiyah Cultural and Sports Festival conveys the culture, ecology, familiarity of the people and the life skills of the nomads, is unique in terms of women's participation and equestrianism, and this is the main reason for welcoming tourists. One of the main challenges of rural and nomadic development is uncertainty and the development of tourism industry can lead to regional development by foresight and design of key drivers; Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify the key drivers of nomadic tourism development based on the cultural-sports and equestrian festival of Qaraghieh nomadic region in East Azerbaijan province.

The method of the present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and data collection is descriptive-analytical and based on the nature of data is mixed and in terms of time is futuristic. The sample size of the present study consists of 30 panels of respondents. MICMAC method has been used for futurism and processing of interaction matrices.Geographical area of research The Qarah Qayah Festival, as a great cultural and sports movement in the northwest of the country, is held every year in May in the nomadic region of Qaraqiyah in the city of Kaleybar in the province of East Azerbaijan.

A total of 21 variables affecting the development of nomadic tourism based on the cultural-sports festival of Qarah Qayah nomadic region in East Azerbaijan province were selected using a panel interview.

Six key drivers for the nomadic tourism development approach in the study area were identified. According to the results, the variables "Women's equestrian as the champion of the equestrian competitions of the festival" and "Nostalgia means positive emotions and as a motivating factor for tourists to attend a cultural-sports event" are ranked first and second, and have the most Were shares.