Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:2 Issue: 5, 2018

Ice cream is a frozen mixture prepared from milk, sweeteners, stabilizer, emulsifiers and materials generating scent and taste that due to various components in its structure, such as ice crystals and scattered air bubbles in the serum phase has various colloidal properties. Dairy products and ice cream have high nutritional values, which provide significant portion of nutritional needs, cause neutralization of free radicals, prevent cancer, and increase safety resistance in children. Despite its significant nutritional values, ice cream, due to the nutrient medium, is a good environment for the growth of microorganisms. Wild rose (Rosa canina L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants; its fruits contain valuable medicinal and nutritional compounds. The aim of producing ice cream with the fruit extract of wild rose is to use its nutritional and therapeutic properties and to evaluate the effect of the extract on the microbial contamination of the produced ice cream. Therefore, ice cream samples were prepared with the fruit extract of wild rose in 2 levels of 5% and 15%, and then viscosity, hardness, overran, drawing temperature, melting rate tests and microbial search were evaluated. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan test. By adding the extract, viscosity and hardness increased significantly (p<0/05), and overran and drawing temperature decreased significantly (p<0/05). Melting rates were not significantly different between samples (p<0/05). The numbers of microorganisms in produced ice cream from fruit extract of wild rose were significantly lower than the control sample (p<0/05). By substituting the milk with fruit extract of wild rose, the physicochemical, rheological and microbial pkroperties of the produced ice cream improved.

This study was carried out to determine type and prevalence of kidney lesions in sheep in Noorabad city, south of Iran.A total number of 500 clinically normal sheep of different age, sex and breeds referred to Noorabad abattoir were selected. After slaughter the kidneys of these sheep were inspected and renal samples were taken for histopathological study. Twenty-nine out of the studied kidneys had renal lesions including interstitial nephritis in 12 cases, Hemorrhage and hyperemia in 4 cases, Abscess in 4 cases cysts, acute tubular necrosis in 3 cases, glomerulonephritis in 2 cases, Medullary crest necrosis and Cloisonné kidney were in one case. The prevalence of renal lesions in female and male cattle didn’t had any significant difference.

The prostate gland is located ventral to the colon and caudal to the neck of the urinary bladder, in an abdominal or pelvic position. Diagnostic ultrasound can be used as a precise, non-invasive and reliable method for assessing prostate in dogs. In this research, 10 adult male Iranian mix breed dogs with an age average of 7.45±1.83 years and an average weight of 21.35±5.57 kg with clinical symptoms of prostatitis were selected. Sagittal and transverse ultrasound images was performed by using a 5 MHZ convex transducer. In the obtained images desired parameters such as length, width and height of the prostate gland were measured. Measurements of this study may be different from those reported in other breeds, so it can be used as reference values for diagnosis of prostate diseases in Iranian mix breed dogs.

Drugs and antibiotics are widely used in birds for the treatment, prevention, and stimulation of growth. In addition to the desired therapeutic effects or even adverse side effects, the use of these drugs can indirectly affect public health.In this study, 100 packets of livers supplied to the market over a period of three months were collected from protein stores at the city level. First, the susceptible and standard strain of Escherichia coli prepared from the Pasteur Institute of Iran was cultivated and antibiogram was used to determine the sensitivity of the strain. Then, suspension 0.5 McFarland was prepared and Müller-Hinton media with acidity of 7.2 were prepared and autoclaved. After surface and uniform culturing of Müller-Hinton plates with cotton swab with Escherichia coli strains, one fragment of each liver was cut and transferred to surface of four media with sterilizing forceps and by keeping the appropriate distance from the edges. Then, it was placed at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. Finally, the samples were examined in terms of the presence or absence of antibiotics. Out of 100 samples examined, 69 samples with negative result (non-antibiotic) and 31 samples with positive result (containing antibiotic) were observed. The highest frequency was related to non-antibiotic samples. Since the drug residue disrupts public health, it is important to contribute to the health of the community by observing the withdrawal time before slaughter and forcing the producers to measure drug residue at the end of the breeding period.

Gastrointestinal diseases are of great importance among human societies, especially in developing countries. One of these diseases is celiac disease. Celiac is a disease of small bowel that is created due to gluten consumption. In Iran, Celiac disease has high prevalence in the general population, especially in high-risk groups, such as patients with irritable bowel syndrome or type 1 diabetes. Celiac treatment is the exit of gluten from the food. Having chronic illness and a heavy diet in lifetime can cause a lot of damage in various areas of physical and mental health and quality of life. Today, in many countries, extensive studies are conducted in different fields related to this disease. Due to the lack of gluten-free meat products in Iran, this study aims to study and investigate thermal gravimeteric analysis (TGA) sausage of 55% red meat of gluten-free containing corn and pea flour with different percentages (8:2, 6:4, 4:6, 2:8) and 0.3% HPMC gum. The results were analyzed using SPSS software and Duncan test. Based on the results,the highest amount of protein (15.6%), was related to treatment 4 (8% pea flour + 2% corn flour + 0.3% HPMC gum) (P<0.05). In TGA, treatment control had the highest free water and treatment 4 (2% corn flour + 8% pea flour + 0.3% HPMC gum) had the highest first and second bonded water (P<0.05). Finally, treatment 4 (8% pea flour + 2% corn flour + 0.3% HPMC gum) was selected as the best formulation for increasing protein and free water reduction.