Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:2 Issue: 4, 2018

Considering the importance of the role of nutrition for the health and the prevention of diseases, food should first be examined for the chemical and microbial safety and then for the amount of bioactive components according to the factors affecting its stability. In other words, the presence of nutrients in the food substance cannot be a reason to supply all of these resources to the body by reducing of bioactive content from the farm to the table. For this purpose, nutritional characteristic base on alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and human health risk base on some heavy metal as lead, mercury, cadmium in rainbow trout and tuna fish with respect to storing time in refrigerator and heat treatment method were analyzed by gas chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry, respectively. Data were analyzed by T test in SPSS software. The results showed that the amount of heavy metals in these two fish species is less than the permissible FAO/WHO levels. But the accumulation of these metals in the rainbow trout skin was higher than the muscle. (P≥0.05). In tuna fish, sterilization heating could not obviously effect on the amount of heavy metals contents (P≥0.05). The mean percentage value of the ALA reduction in farmed rainbow trout was 11.9% in 5th day in refrigerator away from light that wasn’t usually used in markets. Sterilization heating in tuna fish processing has significant effect on ALA reduction (P≤0.05). Eventually, ALA content was decreased by storage time and processing method in farmed rainbow trout and tuna fish and ALA amount in farmed rainbow trout was higher than tuna fish (P≤0.05) which could be due to difference in species, nutrition addition to environmental factors such as fishing time, transport and storage conditions.

Iran has long history at producing wide variety of dairy products.Doogh is one of the traditional Iranian drinks which is obtained by mixing yogurt with water and a little salt. And among the drinks presentin the market has special place.The main problem of dough during storage is its two phasethatresults from low pH and caseins accumulation.Preparation of dough which has not been serumSeparation, is considered by researchers and industry.The transglutaminase enzyme has positive effect on the serum storage capacity and the strength of the food in the gel by creating crosslinking at the proteins.Therefore, in the present study, the effect of using the transglutaminase and lipase enzyme was studied in order to improve the rheological properties and durability of the dough. The transglutaminase enzyme in doses of 10, 15 and 20 ppm and lipase enzyme in doses of 30, 45 and 60 ppm were added to doughs with fat 1.5% and 3%and then, physicochemical, microbial, rheologyproperties, stability and microstructure were investigated. The results showed that treatment with these enzymes improved the stability. The treated samples has a particulate accumulation and casein clusters are more regular than the control sample. Added enzymes have changed the flow behavior of all treatments and their behavior led to a behavior non-Newtonian shear -thining. It also increased viscosity and decreased serum separationamount and two phase. This study showed that the combination of transglutaminase and lipase enzymes has a good potential for use in dough as a stabilizing and viscosity improvement factor.

In order to investigate the incidence of macroscopic Ectoparasites of free-range domestic chickens and pigeons in Qom province, 300 free-range domestic chickens and 300 pigeons from Central district, Salafchegan, Jafariyeh, Kahak, and Khalajastan were randomly selected and studied from December 2016 to September 2017. 200 poultry were selected from Central district, and 100 ones from each of the other districts under study were put under careful investigation. Of the 300 domestic chickens, 202 (67.33%) were infected and 98 (32.67%) were free of external parasites. Moreover, out of 300 pigeons, 218 (72.66%) were found to be infected, while 82 (27.34%) were free of external parasite infection. The highest infection percentage of domestic chickens and pigeons in Salafchegan district were 90% and 84%, respectively, and the lowest percentage of domestic chickens infection was observed in Central district as 43% and the lowest infection rate was reported in Jafariye as 66% . As the findings revealed, in each district, the highest contamination was observed in Salafchegan (87%) and the lowest was related to the Central district (44%). The genus and species of parasites isolated from domestic chickens were Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, Goniodes dissimilis, Lipeurus caponis, and Cuclotogaster heterographus. Argas persicus, a fowl tick, was also isolated from domestic chickens. The fly larvae were also found and isolated in several nests. The highest contamination was related to Menopon gallinae (69%), and the least was Goniodes dissimilis (5%). In addition, Menopon gallinae, Lipeurus caponis, and Menacanthus stramineus and Argas persicus (a small soft-bodied tick), were isolated from the pigeons under study. The highest infection was found to be Menopen (53%) and the lowest was related to Menacanthus (14%).

Due to side effects of chemical drugs, some people again turned to traditional medicine in recent years. One of medicinal plants is Carthamous tinctorius L (safflower) which is used as a relatively cheap dye for making sweets and cooking in addition to its therapeutic effects. Antioxidants are enzymes from body defense systems that play an important role against free radicals. In this study, the effects of safflower flower on serum activity of three important antioxidant enzymes (catalasand glutathion peroxidas) in sixty male wistar rats were studied. These rats randomly were divided into four groups including experimental 1, 2, and 3and also the control group. They were kept in standard cages with equal parts of water, light, temperature and food. The extract of safflower in concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg BW respectively were subcutaneously injected to rats of experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 in two periods of 14 and 28 days and blood samples were taken from their hearts and the catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity were carried out on their serum with spectrophotometry method by Zell Bayou kits. The data was analized using t-test and ANOVA, Tukey's and T tests. No significant difference wes observed among activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in controle group in comparision to experimental groups at 14th and 28th of study (p>0.05).

Myrtus communis has been identified as a holy plant for ages and a great verity of medicinal properties have been described for it in literature. Today, there is a number of Myrtus drugs in Iran market including: Myrtoplex cream, Myrtex Solution, Aftoplex, Dineh Inhaler Powder, Rectol cream and so on. These in complete sentence properties may be due to the presence of different chemical compounds such as Tanin, Flavinoid, Saponin, Ascorbic acid, 1,8-Cineole, Myricetin and Delta-cadinene.Since Myrtus communis is used to treat sexual impotent in some areas, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydro alcoholic Myrtus communis leaf extract on pituitary – gonad axis in adult male rat. Forty adult male rats wistar strain were selected and randomly divided into five groups; control(n=8) which received no treatment, sham which received distilled water as a solvent(n=8), and three experimental groups (1,2and3) (n=8 for each of group ) which received 0.75, 1.5and 3 mg/kg Myrtus communis leaf extract respectively. The extracts were delivered through meal for 21 days. After the last prescription of extract, the animal were unconscious and a blood was taken blood from their heart. Then considered the concentration of FSH, LH and testosterone by radio immunoassay (RIA) method. The obtained results were analyzed based on spss, Excel, one –way variance and post-hoc statistical programs , and significant at the level (p<0.05) take in consideration. The results of hormonal examination indicated the addition of 1.5 and 3 mg/kg body weights of myrtus communis leaf extract showed a significant increase in the level of testosterone (p<0.05) but concentration of LH, FSH hormones showed no significant difference. The Myrtus communis leaf extract causes an increase in the testosterone hormone ,that probably is related the compounds as Flavinoid, Ascorbic acid and Myricetin (by inhibition of aromatase activity) , Linoleic acid, Oleic acid and Palmitic acid (by inhibition 5alpha reductase activity) and 1,8-Cineole, Delta-cadinene (the cytochrome-P450 Inducer).