Journal of Alternative Veterinary Medicine
Volume:1 Issue: 3, 2017

Navicular abnormalities has long been considered one of the most common causes of fore limb lameness. Radiographic evaluation is one of the most valuable, economic, and initial diagnostic tools used in the evaluation of equine lameness. This is dictated by the knowledge of the veterinarian and quality of radiographic equipment. This study was conducted to estimate radiological factors refers to hind feet. According to this purpose six clinically normal Dareh-shori horses were used in this study. After cleaning and washing the horses hooves, hand-made block placed under the following limb, both hind feet were radiographed with the limb in vertical position. The obtained measurements and values in this study were as: Proximal-distal border length of the navicular bone (lateral) = 14.33±0.85 mm; Lateral-Medial Border length of the navicular bone = 43.19±4.36 mm; Proximal-distal border length of the navicular bone( Dorso palmar) = 25.75±3.78 mm. Measurements of this study may be different from those reported in other breeds, so it can be used as reference values for diagnosis of navicular abnormalities in hind feet of Dareh-shori horses.

Diarrhea in calves is one of the most prevalent diseases the veterinarians encounter in practice. Diarrhea is responsible for major economic damages in livestock husbandries. Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been regarded as the main factor that causes white diarrhea in calves’ first three weeks of life. Antimicrobial treatment of E. coli is difficult since these bacteria naturally show resistance against most antibiotics. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of garlic on Escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of garlic on 100 samples of calves with diarrhea collected from traditional and industrial livestock husbandries crops in Kazerun during February and March 2016 and April 2017. The isolates susceptibility to different antibiotics was tested by the disc diffusion method and the antibacterial activity of garlic extract was measured by MIC and MBC methods. In this study, the highest resistance was seen against ampicillin and tetracycline (0±0.4 mm, 0±0.5 mm) and the lowest resistance was against ciprofloxacin (40±2/54 mm). The halo diameter formed by aquatic extract of garlic was similar to streptomycin (15 ± 1/00 mm). In general, the results showed that garlic has the potentiality to be used as an antimicrobial drug, especially in the treatment of E. coli-induced diarrhea in calves.

Diarrhea in calves is one of the most prevalent diseases the veterinarians encounter in practice. Diarrhea is responsible for major economic damages in livestock husbandries. Escherichia coli (E.coli) has been regarded as the main factor that causes calves diarrhea in their first three weeks of life. White diarrhea in calves is caused by certain serotypes of E.coli. The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the multiple drug resistance in most bacterial pathogens. The development of drug resistance in pathogens has led to the emergence of new and natural antimicrobial agents.This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Shirazi thyme on 100 samples of calves with diarrhea collected from traditional and industrial livestock husbandries crops in Kazerun during February and March 2016 and April 2017. The enrichment media, Selenite F Broth and Mac Conkey Agar (Mac) were used. To evaluate the lactose fermentation and to determine the identity of isolated bacteria, Eosin Methylene Blue agar(EMB) was used.The antibiogram test also demonstrated that isolated strains were susceptible to most antibiotic groups used in the treatment of diarrhea. In this study, all isolated strains showed resistant against antibiotics as ampicillin and tetracycline, and were susceptible to antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixicacid,cefixime, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol.The halo diameter formed by hydroalcoholic extract of Shirazi thyme was 8mm,demonstrating a low susceptibility of this bacterium to the hydroalcoholic extract of Shirazi thyme. In general, the findings indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract of Shirazi thyme has few antimicrobial properties and much more studies are required to achieve better results.

In this study, 38 fish in four species of Shapour River and Seyyed Hossein Spring were caught in 2016, including: Alburnus mossulensis(kuli), Cyprinion macrostomum(Lotak), Capoeta barroisi persica(Siah mahi) and Garra rufa (Doctor fish)and they were studied internal helminthes parasites. Totally, four parasites were isolated and recognized, including: two Digenea (Allocreadium sp. and Haplorchis sp.),one Cectoda (Bothriocephalus sp.), one Nematoda (Rhabdochona sp.). The results showed that the highest percent of parasitic infection was for Allocreadium sp. and the least amount was reported for Haplorchis sp. Moreover, kuli and Siah mahi had the highest and lowest percent of parasitic infection, respectively. There wasn’t any meaningful relationship between fish species and frequency of infection (P>0/05). However significant relationship was detected between sex and frequency of infection (P≤0/05).

Food quality control after production is considered very essential for the consumers health. Among the foods, creamy pastries are much more important because of their high demand and consumption, high humidity and the possibility of secondary contamination. In this research, therefore, the microbial quality of creamy pastries was evaluated in order to enhance public health, reduce the complications of food-borne diseases and treatment costs. In this cross-sectional study, creamy pastries samples were randomly collected in summer and winter. Then, some food poisoning bacteria mold and yeast, and enterobacteriacea were evaluated in samples according to the Iranian national standards methods. Finally, the data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16 (T- test). In the samples under study, the lowest and highest levels of contamination were related to salmonella (0%) and yeast (48%) respectively. 38% of the sweets were emerged as non-consumable due to enterobacteriacea and 8% for Escherichia coli. The percentage of mold and Staphylococcus aureus was 18% and 40%, respectively. Among the microbes under study, the effects of the season were only statistically significant in relation to Escherichia coli in summer and Staphylococcus aureus in winter. As the findings revealed, there should be more effort to apply the principles of personal and environmental hygiene, along with paying more attention to the safety of the raw materials, and increasing food handlers awareness and more supervision in the food supply centers.