فصلنامه توسعه اجتماعی
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پاییز 1401)

This qualitative study was conducted with the aim of understanding the semantic system by Tehrani residents from a private spacial perception. The method used in this research is the Grounded Theory as it is one of the main methods in qualitative research. The data of this study was collected through in-depth interviews and theoritical-purposeful sampling method with forty-two related residents and for analyzing data, five methods of open coding and recognition of concepts, development of concepts in terms of dimensions and characteristics, data analysis using grounded theory, inserting the process into the analysis, and integration of categories were used. The emerging paradigm consists of three dimensions of conditions, actions-interactions, and consequences which are based on the results of research in terms of dimensions involving (discovery of privacy dimensions, the transformational processes, the imposed limitations of lifestyle), in actions-interactions (the challenges of privacy, reconsideration, and redefinition of privacies), and in consequences dimension (institutional inefficiency in protecting the established privacies, incongruent interpretation of privacy in public areas) which revolves around a core category called (privacy with fluid boundaries in Iranian suspended society).

One of the youth current challenges is confronting with opposite sex and the quality of reducing the new life styles’ costs such as cohabitation in case of appearing and keeping love as a life-giving element in each marriage and stable equal force in the path of every relationship. According to the research needs, this study analyzed cohabitated people experiencing love based on interpretivism approach and grounded theory. The research population consisted of 20 participants experiencing love in cohabitated life living in Isfahan. They were interviewed, by which six types of experiences were extracted including the emotional experience of love, love as a need providing factor, love as a social and practical issue, love as a cognitive and rational matter, the physiological experience of love, and sentimental and spiritual experiences of love. The core topic was love in cohabitation as a social activism area; it conveys that choosing love area is the symbol of individualism declinations in which individuals are playing the key role, not their society. The research causal condition is hesitation and pessimism toward marriage, individualism egalitarian and the importance of gratifications. The cohabited people’s action strategy is resistance against dominant cultural and social norms, rethinking regarding the concept of love and marriage and the economic strategies. Based on people with cohabitation experience’s view, the relationship outcomes are the logical selection based on utilitarianism and social rejection.

Divorce is an unpleasant reality of life mostly known for its maladies particularly for women. The present Research has been studying the women’s perception of their own femineity through the process of Divorce (before and after), it was also pursuing to find out how this images of femineity has undergone changes. In analyzing this process, we have applied the “Ground Theory” Method; 17 female university lecturers, teaching in University of Applied Science and Technology, mostly from middle class of society as our subjects, have been interviewed. The findings show the process through which divorce has led to the self reflexivity in these women. And how it has contributed to their autonomy and the resulted individuality. The Analysis of these qualitative data indicates that, apart from all the injuries of Divorce and -in general any sort of Separation experience, they have been associated with their Activism power and objectivity experience in these women, which have eventually led to self-motivation and capability in self-assertion.

Flourishing the knowledge-based economy, the elite community has been raised as a central driver at the organization level and even in the country. Therefore, in recent years, in order to increase the elite's effectiveness in the process of development of the country, the concept of optimizing the talent life cycle has emerged in the literature of human resource management. Accordingly, the present study aimed to provide a model of factors influencing the optimization of talent life cycle at the Iran National Elite Foundation (INEF), based on a study with developmental-applied approach. The statistical population of the research includes the scientific lasting faces of the country as well as senior managers of the National Elite Foundation. The statistical sample was selected through a purposeful judgment of 25 people. Data collection tools were library studies and semi-structured interviews with experts. Finally, based on the hybrid algorithm of the methodology of soft systems and cognitive mapping, a model of the factors contributing to the optimization of the talent life cycle is presented and then, by comparing the factors in thinking system (conceptual model) with real-world actions (INEF), it is suggested that structural, behavioral, and ground changes be made to optimize the talent lifecycle at the National Elite Foundation.

Elite political culture plays an important role in political development or underdevelopment, as can be acknowledged; the development of political culture is a necessary condition for political development, and the political development of societies is always measured by political culture. On the other hand; Attitudes and worldviews of elite political culture, if democratic, will lead to economic and social development, In the meantime, factors are influential in determining this type of political culture, the most important of which is social capital within the group. This article examines the relationship between intra-group social capital and political culture in a quantitative and survey manner. The sampling method was simple random sampling method and 214 political elites of Khuzestan province were selected as the sample. To assess political culture, Tessler standard questionnaire and researcher-made social capital questionnaire within the group were used. The results showed that the amount of social capital within the group was somewhat high (18.44) but the average political culture was moderate (19.154). The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of social capital (trust, cohesion and intra-group participation) with political culture. And more than 19% of the variance of the political culture variable was explained by the two variables of intra-group trust and intra-group participation. In general, it can be said that social capital within a group can cause changes in the political culture of society.

Humans interact with each other to meet their needs. One of the most important of these needs is romantic interaction. Without love, much of a person's life is fruitless, and nothing is as magical as love. Romantic love exists in all cultures, and probably every culture reproduces love in its own way. In the present study, prominent social theorists on love, such as Anthony Giddens, Zygmunt Bauman, Ulrich Beck, and Elizabeth Beck Gransheim, put theories in a discourse framework using Foucault's discourse and the theory of social reproduction. Pierre Bourdieu discusses the processes of late modernity and its impact on romantic relationships, as well as reproduction with reflexibility of love through higher education. The purpose of this study is to obtain a better and more accurate sociological understanding of the social and cognitive aspects of love relationships among students with the help of the above theories. According to the mentioned purpose, the method used in this research is quantitative (survey) method. The statistical population of the present study is all students of Azad University and Gilan University of Rasht who have been studying in these two universities during the academic year 2020-2021. For sampling in this study, stratified random sampling has been used. Finally, 342 questionnaires were distributed and collected. Findings showed that there is a significant correlation between the components of higher education, social structure, and cultural structure, the prevalence of consumerist culture, intimacy crisis, students' mental structure and reproduction with reflexibility of love in higher education. Also, the results of path analysis of this research show that the reproduction of love is directly affected by mental structure (0.230), consumerism (0.198) and social structure (0.146).

The aim of this research is to comparatively study the pattern of political socialization in secondary schools in the era of reform and justice-oriented governments. For this purpose, the textbooks of the second year of high school of humanities, Islamic arts and education, experimental sciences, professional mathematics, physics and technology and work knowledge as a statistical community and based on objective sampling method, social studies cluster books as a statistical sample  were considered. The William Scott method was used to measure the components, based on which an agreement coefficient of 93.20 was obtained. Descriptive and inferential statistics and SPSS software. Were used to analyze the data. In the context of this study, the model of political socialization in terms of teaching the categories of republic, tolerance, political legitimacy, political identity, critical pedagogy, social justice, political values of the Islamic Revolution, economics, good governance, political attitude, political participation and awareness Political analysis.Findings indicate that in the studied books, the dominant approach is to promote the political and ideological components of the Islamic Revolution, in the process of which the components of republic and good governance have been neglected.The components of religious political identity and political values of the Islamic Revolution are the most important categories related to political socialization in these books, which have been considered through alienation or ideological introduction and critique of Western political identities.Also, the political values of the Islamic Revolution are emphasized more than its social and economic values.

The present article seeks a comparative look at the views of Ayatollah Naeini and Imam Khomeini on the political system during the absence. Both jurists had an opinion on the formation of a political system during the absenteeism, but they had different opinions on the formation of the government and the characteristics of the government according to their perception and interpretation of their narrative and rational arguments on which they practiced ijtihad in the most central way. On the contrary, Imam Khomeini, as the successor of Allameh Naeini in this movement, with a broad and comprehensive approach and based on a positive approach to thinking in this regard. In a way, regarding the political system, the Islamic Republic came to an absolute jurisprudence with the rule of the divine guardianship of the people. Moreover, it has been argued that Imam Khomeini's political thoughts about the political system during absenteeism is more complete and comprehensive than Ayatollah Naini's. In this article, the comparative analysis of the components of a political system in two general parts of formal components and content components has been carried out and compared.