نشریه پژوهش های مکانی فضایی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، بهار 1401)

The approach of the happy city from new perspectives in the contemporary literature of urban planning and expression of perception. Despite the significant effect of urban environment characteristics on citizens’ emotions, urban design components and urban policies have been less explored. According to the global data, Iran ranks unfavorably in the area of happiness, and part of this is related to the quality of urban spaces and the occurrence of happiness there. This article seeks to identify the concept of a happy city by analyzing strategies, guiding principles, and actions conducted in theoretical studies and global experiences. The results of this research show that the most important concepts affecting urban happiness are the concepts of macro-society policies, physical aspects, quality of urban space and quality of life, which are realized at three national macro levels, middle levels of urban management, and micro levels of improving urban quality.

Nowadays, due to the expansion of cities, the need for transportation has increased greatly, and the pollution caused by fossil fuels has caused developed countries to take steps to use clean transportation, especially human-oriented transportation. In the meantime, Montreal, Canada, as the third bicycle-friendly city with suitable cycling routes and benefiting from the world’s latest technologies in this area, is a good example to study to benefit from the methods and tools used in this city.In this article, the policies used to promote cycling and the study of bicycle-related infrastructure are discussed. In order to gain a deep insight into bicycle transportation in Montreal, this article has investigated the history of the expansion of transportation in this city and examined the physical and non-physical measures taken in Montreal. Also, by studying and evaluating future programs in the field of bicycle transportation in Montreal, she is trying to reach new approaches to achieve bicycle-friendly, efficient and safe cities in Iran. While presenting potential solutions based on the methods already implemented in Montreal, it seeks to achieve more coherent and continuous approaches for the future policy in Iran, for the use and promotion of cycling as well as its role in the implementation of new social policies.

The analysis of social areas describes the mechanism by which households select or are assigned specific residential areas within the city. This mechanism is not definitive and there is no clear plan related to it. For this purpose, for the analysis of social areas, it is necessary to use a method that solves the different spatial complexities within and between departments. In the meantime, the model of three constructions is considered as one of the comprehensive and integrated methods in the analysis of social areas, which separates or differentiates social areas based on three factors: socio-economic status, housing and household status, and segregation or racial discrimination. For this reason, in the current research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the three-structure model, firstly, it determined the criteria that can be used in determining the social areas in the seventh district of Isfahan city as the case study of this research, and then, based on the overlapping map technique, the resulting maps of criteria have been combined and finally, the social areas of 7th district of Isfahan have been depicted in a map based on the analyzes carried out.

Based on the results and statistics obtained from the cost and income of urban households in Iran, the average cost of housing in the cost basket of urban households is approximately 35% (more than 50% in Tehran), which is more than It also reaches 75%. Meanwhile, in the successful countries of the world, efforts have been made to ensure that this share does not exceed its permitted and conventional limit, which is less than 15%. Also, with the growth of the urban population, especially in the period after the Islamic Revolution, Iran faced a housing crisis. Therefore, various companies and departments decided to establish housing cooperatives and the cooperatives became its present form.The purpose of this research is to provide effective solutions to improve the efficiency of Isfahan municipal employees’ housing cooperative. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. To collect the required data, two documentary and field methods have been used. This research was carried out using the strategic analysis (SWOT) method. To interview and complete the questionnaire, 65 experts and experts related to the field of urban planning in Isfahan province and university professors were used.The obtained results show, in the strengths section; The existence of specialist forces, in the area of weaknesses; The low level of cooperation between organizations and cooperatives in the evaluation of external factors; The per capita provision of housing in the province and the lack of confidence of the banks in the cooperative due to delayed installments are the most important factors. Also, the prioritization of applicable strategies to improve the efficiency of Isfahan Municipal Housing Cooperative is presented in this research.

The social and political history of the city is the history of defending the city security or urbancommunity. In addition to space, this security includes human society as well, that if the elites of the meaning and manner of communication are not manifest to them, they feel insecure and find the urban space unsafe or in some way defenseless,and forms of alienation are manifested in them especially spatial alienation, collective alienation and finally alienation from the city. Urban alienation and its forms under the influence of cultural, social, economic and political characteristics of capitalist cities and types of governance and the tools used in development and change in the morphology and space of the city, as well as the way of communication that determines the pulse of urban life. Also, the effect of initial education is manifested as social capital. It seems that ignoring the mentioned components, based on defensible spaces and the function of some defensible spaces into indefensible spaces (changing places into non-places) is one of the main factors in the formation of defenseless spaces in cities. This study examines whether there are unsafe spaces and places in Iranian society, and if so, what was its course and what factors have formed it? then, the criteria compiled and taken from the theories, articles and books that were somehow related to the mentioned subject have been examined. The research method is descriptive.The collection of information is based on documents, and the studied community is the defenseless area of Isfahan province. The findings of the research derived from the documents and data collection from different sources demonstrated that spaces overlapping with the ultimate areas of social issues have been considered as the most unsafe spaces.

Marginalization is a consequence of the rapid growth of urbanization in modern society and a big problem that metropolises face, especially in developing countries. Where the current government policy to eradicate marginalization is contrary to one of the basic human rights of immigrants, the gradual integration of such areas in cities is the most humane and realistic way to improve the living space of these areas. This type of settlement is growing rapidly in the city of Isfahan. Amir Arab district is an informal and marginal settlement of Isfahan city. This study deals with physical, economic, social, demographic, environmental, and urban infrastructure indicators as key criteria for analyzing and evaluating informal settlements in the Amir Arab region. The main goal of this research is to plan marginal and informalsettlements for the Amir Arab district, which will be prepared and compiled based on the approach of urban development strategy (CDS). This study used the descriptive-analytical analysis method, and the required data was obtained from library sources and a field survey. The random sampling method has been used to identify the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the SWOT method and finally it has led to providing suitable strategies for planning this type of settlement. To confirm the hypotheses and their validity, the chi-square test was used.