نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال دوازدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 43، تابستان 1401)

Achieving human development and good governance through appropriate functions between various institutions of society is one of the main criteria for measuring the prosperity and development of countries in recent decades and can meet the needs of citizens in a society. The current research with descriptive-analytical and causal-comparative method and in the theoretical framework of "New Institutionalism" seeks to answer the main question that "the position of good governance in Iran, Turkey and Egypt from the perspective of human development indicators in 10 years How is the recent one?" Based on the investigations carried out using reliable sources such as Persian and English books and researches and reliable domestic and foreign websites and by calculating the average indicators of optimal governance from the perspective of human development indicators in the two areas of efficiency and social welfare which include efficiency and effectiveness, unemployment rate, gross national product, life expectancy, health, education and gender equality in the three countries of Iran, Turkey and Egypt And also by presenting graphs and comparing these indicators with each other, this was the result that compared to Egypt, Iran has been ranked higher in all the indicators of the hypothesis, and compared to Turkey in all indicators except the index Education is at the lowest rank. Also, the position of all three countries is lower than the global human development average due to various institutional weaknesses.

One of the most important obligations of good governance is to guarantee citizens' rights, and in this regard, transparency is one of the main pillars of good governance, which can be an effective mechanism to support the political, economic, social and cultural rights of citizens, and a valuable solution to fight against a sinister phenomenon such as corruption. It is one of the most important challenges of any society. The valuable book of Nahj al-Balagheh is one of the most complete books after the Holy Qur'an, which includes the teachings of how to live and how to manage, and it does not leave any aspect of life unsaid. Therefore, the current research has investigated the model of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al- Balagheh. The method of conducting this research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is part of descriptive and field research. It is worth mentioning that the model of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al- Balagheh includes 4 indicators of religious transparency, behavioral transparency, structural transparency, economic transparency and also 58 components under these indices. In order to conduct the field study of the model, 428 students of master's degree, doctorate, and faculty members of Tehran, Mazandaran, Qom, and Semnan universities were selected as the statistical population using available sampling method. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural model tests were used in LISREL 8.80 software. The results of statistical tests indicated that all four indicators of religious transparency, behavioral transparency, structural transparency and economic transparency have a positive and significant relationship with the variable of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al- Balagheh. In addition, the correlation between each index and the transparent governance variable is P=0.83; T= 7.56 for economic transparency, P= 0.80; T= 6.80 for religious transparency, P= 0.73; T= 5.26 for behavioral transparency and P= 0.65; T = 4.90 was determined for structural transparency. The results of this research indicate that according to the factors obtained, the strengthening of each of the indicators of economic transparency, religious transparency, behavioral transparency and structural transparency respectively leads to the improvement of transparent governance in the society.

Political theology, as one of the branches of theology, organizes one of the pillars of Shiite political thought. There is disagreement among contemporary scholars as to whether political discourse is a relatively emerging or entrenched science. To validate the views of both groups of scholars, a historical study of the evolution of political discourse is necessary. The present article has tried to study the origin of this knowledge and the first Islamic figure who succeeded in designing and establishing this knowledge with the help of analytical citation method. The results of this research indicate that the origin of the knowledge of political theology goes back to the event of Saqifa and the issue of Imamate;  And Imam Ali was the first Islamic figure to establish this knowledge. According to the narrations recorded in the sources, the era of the emergence and emergence of political discourse dates back to the time of the death of the Prophet (PBUH). However, after the incident of Saqifa, following the political atmosphere of that day, there was not enough opportunity for the Amir al-Mo'menin to raise and explain the issue of Imamate. However, with the arrival of the caliphate, this restriction became relatively less, and as a result, the Imam found a better opportunity to re-design and establish the "principle of divine Imamate" within the framework of political theology.

According to the world view of Islam, a human being is a human being regardless of any kind of discrimination and privileges, and has inherent value and dignity, and belief in this progressive principle determines the type of attitude and treatment of religious minorities in Islamic societies. In today's era, which is known as the era of communication, the presence of religious minorities under different titles in Islamic societies is an undeniable fact and it is very painful, therefore, investigating what effect the belief in the principle of human dignity has on the way of dealing with the said minorities is one of the important goals. Research is leading. In the current research, we are trying to find an answer to this basic question that in validating the principle of dignity on how to deal with religious minorities in the political system of Islam, is the principle of dignity the priority or is it the dignity of minorities? And in case of priority of each one, this priority will be from which chapter? In this regard, the constitutions of three countries, Iran, Kuwait and Syria, which have a political system based on Islam and are required to comply with the rules and laws of Islam, were subjected to a comparative study regarding how to deal with religious minorities. One of the most important results is that according to the different types of religious minorities that are present in Islamic societies, the priority or delay of the principle of dignity over their being Mahdur al-Dam is different. Precedence is eternal in some cases and temporary in some cases. Also, compared to the constitutions of Kuwait and Syria, Iran's constitution has been more successful in dealing with religious minorities correctly, considering the principle of human dignity. The present research was done by the method of comparative analysis and using library tools.

In the last few decades, the triangle of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt has alternated or overlapped each of them to preach the Islamic world. The aim of this article is to investigate the impact of Umm al-Qara'i theory on the convergence and divergence of the Islamic world, which considers this theory as the cause of divergence as the primary hypothesis. Bin Salman's extravagance in the guardianship of other Muslim countries has further distanced Iran and Saudi Arabia as two strong arms of the Islamic world. Therefore, the strategic goal of this research paper is to analyze the competition and interference of Um-ul-Qara'i claim between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The issue that this article deals with is the validity and reliability of the theory of Umm al-Qara'i in the Islamic world and the willingness or unwillingness of countries to accept it. The primary hypothesis regarding the threat or opportunity of the Umm al-Qara'i theory is that its implementation without a persuasive foundation is considered as a threat against the convergence of the Islamic world, especially for the claimants of Umm al-Qara'i; Although, in line with prestige, every power seeks to expand its sphere of influence, but Umm al-Qari's theory has practically failed to lead to the unification of the Islamic world; Because in the anarchic and non-hierarchical system of the world, few countries in the world want to be under the guardianship of another country. Qatar's withdrawal from the Persian Gulf Cooperation Council is the latest protest against Saudi Arabia's Da'iya Umm al-Qara'i; Based on this, it has been concluded that considering the serverless environment of international arrangements, it is appropriate for the Islamic world, especially Iran and Saudi Arabia, to interact regardless of the controversial Umm al-Qaraei issue. Although Umm al-Qari's theory is evident in Iran's theoretical political literature, it does not have the desire to implement it now, but post-Salman Arabia pursues this category strongly. Thus, a major part of the divergence of the Islamic world is the result of Shia-phobia in Saudi Arabia. The method of the analytical essay is a critique inspired by Waltzian neo-realism and the theorizing of David Marsh and Jerry Stoker.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of Chabahar port on the security order of the Indian Ocean region. Chabahar port is located directly or indirectly on the path of several important international highways and has the ability to become one of the most strategic transit positions. This port is a member of two regional structures, the Oman Sea structure and the Indian Ocean structure, and can connect to the three continents of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. It has especially affected economic security. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question, what effect will Chabahar port have on the security order of the Indian Ocean region? The findings of the research show that the economic dependence of India and China, as well as the presence of the United States and other regional countries, has caused the security category in the Indian Ocean to become more important. The economic growth of China and India in recent years is due to trade and economic exchanges in the Indian Ocean. Due to the formation of traditional patterns of friendship and enmity as well as the strategic importance of Chabahar port, this port has played an important role in the equations of the regional security order of the Indian Ocean. The current research has been carried out by descriptive-analytical method and by referring to library-documentary sources.

Improving the relations between Russia and the Caucasus with the Muslim world will be especially important in the future of this region. This work should be started in such a way that the society can have a correct idea of Islam and how it affects the Ummah and the behavior of Muslims. Unfortunately, now, the non-Muslim population of Russia and the Caucasus region have wrong ideas about Islam. If we accept that the creation of conflict in parts of the Caucasus (Karabakh) was planned years before the collapse of the former Soviet Union and to prevent the unification of Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan; Therefore, the continuous influence of the West and the intelligence services of the region in the Caucasus is undoubtedly aimed at securing their interests. This article is an answer to the question of what is the evolution of the Islamic media and parties from the Soviet Union to the South Caucasus, the research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and using the Internet and library documents.