فصلنامه مدیریت سازمان های دولتی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، زمستان 1401)

Today, due to the ever-increasing changes in the environment, the flexibility of human resources is considered as a factor in the survival and development of organizations. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to design a Human Resource Flexibility Model for governmental organizations in Lorestan province. The current research is a survey research in terms of method, an applied research in terms of purpose, a descriptive-field research in terms of data collection, and inductive in terms of strategy. Using the meta-synthesis approach, resources related to the topic were selected; and after the seven steps of this method, the dimensions and indicators of human resource flexibility were obtained. Then in order to confirm, complete and localize the obtained model in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 academic and executive experts. Sampling was done by targeted snowball method to select experts. The findings of the interview were analyzed and also coded by thematic analysis method. The validity and reliability of both stages were calculated by the agreement method of the two coders. Its value was 0.83. After integrating the results of meta-synthesis and theme analysis, the human resources flexibility model includes 8 dimensions of functional flexibility (with 6 indicators), skill flexibility (6 indicators), behavioral flexibility (3 indicators) Flexibility of professional competencies (10 indicators), ethical flexibility (6 indicators), communicational flexibility (6 indicators), knowledge flexibility (8 indicators) and technological flexibility (12 indicators). Managers should use a different combination of models and their dimensions to achieve optimal condition of flexibility.

Today, employing incompetent and untalented people in high positions of organization and entrusting them with the management of various departments will be serious threats to the survival of public organizations and the basis for the emergence of the phenomenon of dwarfism. The aim of this research is conceptualizing dwarfism, identifying and ranking its consequences in public organizations with meta-synthesis approach. The conceptualization of dwarfism by the method of forming and analyzing the semantic network carried out in two stages by using key sentences of texts describing dwarfism in 28 selected studies. Identifying and ranking its consequences were done with a meta-synthesis approach. After searching in scientific databases, 74 related studies extracted and by examining them, the consequences of dwarfism were identified. Finally, by using the Shannon entropy method, the consequences were weighted and ranked. The results of the analysis of the semantic network of dwarfism indicate that the common phenomenon of dwarfism in today's organizations is rooted in several theories and scientific management concepts such as the petty principle, the similar to me effect, the tall poppy syndrome, Distributed incompetence and political behaviors. The results of meta-synthesis showed that the reduction of organizational performance, suppression of capable employees and organizational politicization are the most the important factors behind dwarfism. One of the effects of this research is to create motivation in researchers for further investigations the progress in order to prevent decay, remove obstacles to individual development, and establish meritocracy in organizations.

This research has been done with the aim of analyzing the dimensions of the popularity of managers in government organizations of Ilam city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of exploratory nature with qualitative method, it is of the type of database theory with Glazer's emergent approach. The participants in the research were managers of government organizations in Ilam city. Data collection was done through purposive sampling with 17 managers using semi- structured interviews. For the reliability of the interviews, the method of agreement between two coders was used, and in order to check the validity, content validity was used. Findings revealed that 7 dimensions were identified for popularity, which include weak-willed (empty character, shaky character, identity destruction), unhealthy dependence (obedient mind, passive behavior, others- processing), belonging (showcase management, hypocritical behavior, imaging), personal interests (networking, ownership, political game), malinger(behavioral abnormality, personality syndrome, personality crisis), white fallacy (organizational deviance, organizational anomaly, functional dysfunction of managers), ritualism (creating management based on the glass room, formulating the principles and functional requirements for the organization, formulating the principles and requirements for education and ethics). The results of the research showed that seeking popularity is one of the managerial inefficiencies in government organizations, which has made managers' performance difficult. It can be said that in order to reduce the popularity of managers, government organizations should avoid appointing managers who tend to have symbolic communication and have dependent personalities.

It is important to pay attention to the suitable selection of candidates to enter Farhangian University because its results play an important role in the development and transformation of education and consequently the reconstruction and progress of society.The current research is a combination of sequential exploratory design in terms of its practical purpose and research method. Socio-statistics in the qualitative phase included 22 documents which were determined according to the level of theoretical saturation and analyzed by content analysis method. The validity of the codes was confirmed using the researcher's self-review method and their reliability was confirmed using the test-retest reliability. The data collection tool in the quantitative stage included three researcher-made questionnaires, whose reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha. In order to determine the importance of each of the indicators using the Delphi technique, the questionnaire was given to 30 experts who were selected by snowball sampling. For the final classification of the identified markers, the focus group was used, and Kendall's coordination coefficient was used to determine the level of consensus among the members of the Delphi group. The results showed that the competencies include individual competencies and social competencies. Individual competencies included four interpersonal, value-ethical, professional, and personality dimensions, and social competencies were determined by four dimensions of social knowledge, social motivation, social perception, and social inference.

Work and life are inevitably associated with mental pressure. Some organizations do not experience much mental pressure, but some others experience high level of mental pressure. Outbreak of Covid-19 disease has imposed high stress on some organizations, especially health care staffs. Since psychological stress can be controlled and prevented, several models have been presented for its control and management. The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a local model to manage and control psychological stress in the public sector (Case study: Tabriz hospitals) using a data-driven method. The present study was conducted by using qualitative method and experts' opinion and by using Glaser method and by interviewing with experts, including 45 managers and supervisors of Tabriz hospitals.The present study is descriptive in terms of method and During the interviews, 57 open codes, 28 concepts and 5 components were extracted, which were classified into two main categories: controllable and uncontrollable.

Thinking is based on the ability and tendency of the individual to measure the results of affairs and make decisions about them based on evidence. The presence of critical thinking in the organization will cause dynamism, adaptability and creativity, which will affect the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. Accordingly, this research was formed to design a government think tank. This research has been done with the foundation data theory method. Based on limited theoretical literature and mainly relying on interviews with 12 (purposeful) faculty members in the field of public administration. Data obtained from theoretical studies and interviews were performed in the form of open coding, selective coding and axial coding. The results obtained from the codings include the thinker leader, the thinker structure, the thinker personality, the thinker government, and the thinker atmosphere, which form the factors influencing the establishment of the government thinker organization. Which were divided into two categories of internal thinking and external thinking, and finally the strategies and consequences of the government thinking organization were proposed. In general, the fact emerged that most of the things that will lead to the creation of a thoughtful government organization are related to internal factors. Then, the final model of the research was drawn and the main causes, underlying factors, mediating factors, main category, strategies and consequences of the thinking government organization were identified.

The thoughts and feelings of employees, which are referred to as employee energy (EE), play an important role in shaping the performance of employees in the workplace. Therefore,  This concept has become a new goal in the field of organizational knowledge. Hence, this study is operated to design a conceptual framework for the semantic reconstruction of employee energy in public organizations. The study method is pursued as a Grounded Theory (GT), in which selective, axial, and open coding analyses were completed based on the Strauss and Corbin method. Data were gathered from semi-structured interviews. Using purposive sampling, the contributors included (N=20) experts and managers of public organizations, and interviews followed until the point of theoretical saturation. The obtained data were extracted from 283 primary codes, 97 concepts, 18 subcategories, and 6 categories. The analysis of this study showed that the central phenomenon is the energy of employees in the process was identified from causal conditions (Psychological characteristics, Healthy lifestyle, Genetics, Effective communication, Managerial leadership style, Job characteristics, and Quality of working life), contextual conditions (Dynamics of the economic, the political, the social, the cultural systems, and Technological developments), intervening conditions (Age, Gender, Education, Work experience, Type of employment); strategies (Psychological development, Health improvement, Social network development), and consequences (Instrumental, ultimate).

Improving the decision-making and performance of the country's government organizations requires the necessary mechanisms to benefit from previous experiences, which is known as organizational memory. This study is an applied-developmental research that was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the model of organizational memory in government organizations of the country. In the qualitative part, the underlying factors and their relationship patterns were identified using the grounded theory method. For this purpose, an interview was conducted with 18 managers of the country's macro-policy and program organization with the purposeful sampling method. After designing the research paradigm, partial least squares method was used to validate the model. In this section, a questionnaire tool was used to collect data, and the views of 93 managers and related experts were used with the stratified sampling method. The results of this research showed that the central category of organizational memory consists of four cognitive, descriptive, procedural and behavioral memory factors. Knowledge management provides the background and conditions, and things like the upstream documents of the system play an intervening role. Organizational learning, continuous improvement and existing facilities play a causal role. Finally, the results have shown that organizational memory, if accompanied by the adoption of necessary strategies at the individual and organizational level, can provide the conditions for improving job and organizational performance and ultimately increasing client satisfaction and organizational productivity.

Focusing on creating a joyful organizational environment is one of the ways in which human resource management can create a better working life for employees. Due to the necessity of applying and using new approaches in the management of interpersonal relationships and making the workplace environment pleasant, having a sense of humor and knowing how to use it can be a useful management tool for leaders. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design the model of antecedents and consequences of humor in Parsian Gas Refinery Company. This research, in terms of objective, is typically applied-developmental and has been done by applying a qualitative research method. In order to identify the dimensions of the antecedents and consequences of organizational humor, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 managers and supervisors of different units of Parsian Company using non-probability judgment and snowball sampling method and the data were analyzed using a thematic analysis method. The findings led to identify 10 main themes that were categorized into individual-oriented, group-oriented, organization-oriented antecedents and consequences, and also the dimensions of organizational humor. The results of present research will help to understand the effects and performance of humor in organizational environments.

The purpose of this research is to design and explain the generalization social network applications. The current research is in the framework of the research strategy of mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative). In the first stage of using this strategy, in order to explain the generalization model for social network applications, we have designed and compiled the foundation data theory, and in the second stage, we have exposed it to a quantitative test to determine the generalizability of the Research to make sure. In order to collect the qualitative data of the research, according to the sampling of the communication range and diverse as well as the critical sampling, a number of expert professors in this field were selected as participants and after conducting in-depth interviews with them, the data collection continued until theoretical saturation. Found. The result of this stage of the research was a qualitative model with propositions that took the form of hypotheses in the second stage and were subjected to quantitative testing. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. In open coding, the researcher obtained 184 concepts, which were classified into 39 components and 7 dimensions, based on which the conceptual model of the research was presented. Based on this model, in the quantitative part, it was determined that the platform has a significant effect on the functioning of social networking applications (0.210). Challenges have a significant effect on the functioning of social network applications (-0.239). The function of social network applications has an effect on the marketing of native applications (0.381). It was also found that government support moderates the impact of the platform (0.111) and challenges (-0.120) on the functionality of social networking applications. Security moderates the impact of the platform (0.116) and challenges (-0.117) on the functionality of social networking applications.