مجله پژوهش در دین و سلامت
سال هشتم شماره 4 (زمستان 1401)

During the recent years, there have been challenges surrounding the issue of abortion in the country (1-3). It seems that these tensions stem from the failure to consider the executive problems associated with the existing procedure to be followed for abortion. Screening and abortion therapy suffer certain shortcomings and problems that have not been dealt with yet, not due to wrong rules but because of inappropriate implementation and ignoring the medical ethics from the stage of screening to issuing the permit for abortion.

During the recent years, there have been challenges surrounding the issue of abortion in the country (1-3). It seems that these tensions stem from the failure to consider the executive problems associated with the existing procedure to be followed for abortion. Screening and abortion therapy suffer certain shortcomings and problems that have not been dealt with yet, not due to wrong rules but because of inappropriate implementation and ignoring the medical ethics from the stage of screening to issuing the permit for abortion.

Today, spiritual intelligence is one of the most critical issues in all aspects of human health and has a significant role. Having high spiritual intelligence helps medical staff look meaningfully and purposefully at the services they provide to patients and the community. This study aimed to compare the spiritual intelligence of Shiraz medical students in terms of identity styles.

In this cross-sectional and causal-comparative study, 693 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected by multistage cluster sampling in 2020. Berzonski's identity questionnaire was used to assess identity styles, and King's spiritual intelligence questionnaire was used to assess spiritual intelligence. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that spiritual intelligence scores in students with information identity styles are significantly higher compared to the students with normative and avoidant styles. There was also a significant difference between the two groups of students with normative and avoidant identity styles in the variable of spiritual intelligence. The scores of spiritual intelligence in students with normative identity styles were significantly higher than those of the group with avoidant identity style.

Identity style is one of the essential factors in examining spiritual intelligence. Therefore, paying attention to students' identity styles can effectively increase their spiritual intelligence.

Nowadays, many efforts have been made in the context of prisons through psychological intervention programs in order to improve the efficiency of prisoners in order to improve the solution of social problems, rebuild their personality and improve their mental health. Therefore, considering the age of prison-based intervention programs, the provision of correctional, educational and educational services, as well as examining its effect on the empowerment of prisoners, is of particular importance. This study was conducted about of the effectiveness of religious-based interpersonal problem solving education on mental health of young female prisoners in Kermanshah city.

This is a quasi-experimental research with control group. The statistical population of this study was all young female prisoners in Kermanshah Central Prison in 2019, that 30 of whom were selected using available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire was used to collect data. Ten two-hour sessions of interpersonal problem-solving training of D’Zurilla & Nezu that combined with religious teachings were held twice a week for the experimental group. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that interpersonal problem solving training based on religious teachings had a significant effect on the components of anxiety, social function and depressive symptoms (P<0.05), while the intervention had no significant effect on the component of physical symptoms.

Due to the effective results of religious-based interpersonal problem solving education on mental health, it can be used as a corrective and preventive intervention program for the mental health of young female prisoners.

In relation to psychological treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment, several internal and external studies have been done and its effectiveness has been confirmed but today, with the clarification of the role of patients' religion in the treatment of their mental disorders, we are witnessing an increase in religious-psychological studies worldwide that examine the role of people's religion in their treatment; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a model based on Islamic concepts for use in treatment of Muslims based on religious beliefs.

In order to develop the theoretical model of Acceptance and Commitment based on Islamic concepts, the Grounded Theory (Textual) was used as a qualitative method to explore the theoretical foundations of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approach in the Quran, Tafsir al-Mizan and al-Kafi. By exchanging ideas with psychologists and Islamic scholars, the concepts found in Islamic texts that were semantically and conceptually related to the theoretical concepts of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy approach, were selected and defined. Then, the concepts obtained were coded in two open coding and axial coding stages, and in the third step, by performing selective coding, the main categories were extracted and the relationship between them was specified. The authors reported no conflict of interests.

In the present study, the theoretical model of Acceptance and Commitment was developed based on Islamic concepts; this model consists of two parts: mental health processes that represent a pure heart and mental disorder processes that represent a sick heart.

Using the Islamic model presented in this study, therapists can obtain more effective results in the treatment of mental disorders among Muslim patients in Islamic countries.

Religious activities are considered as an important source for dealing with diseases. Research has shown that religion and religious beliefs are effective in adapting to adversity, and help the patient regain his/her health sooner. Anxiety caused by separation from religious orders has a negative effect on the course of the disease and prolongs hospital stay and causes undesirable psychological complications in individuals. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the religious care needs of the patients admitted to Allameh Behlool Gonabadi Hospital.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed with the participation of 622 patients admitted to Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital in 2018. Data were collected through demographic information questionnaire and religious care questionnaire in general wards of the hospital. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytical statistics. In this study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

Based on the obtained results, the mean and standard deviation of age and length of hospitalization of the participants in this study were 46.50±21.21 and 2.76±2.64, respectively. Out of the 60.5% female participants, 78.5% were married and 48.4% were housewives. Also, 60% of them were literate. In addition, the results of chi-square test showed a significant relationship in all dimensions of religious needs (P<0.001).

According to the results of this study, religious care is very important and necessary from the patients’ perspective. Therefore, it is suggested that managers and planners of hospital care departments consider religious care as a part of comprehensive hospital care to keep the patients satisfied with the provision of nursing care.

War usually has wide personal, social, economic and cultural consequences that have a great impact on the physical and psychological problems and in general the quality of life of injured veterans and their spouses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and emotional self-regulation in predicting the quality of life of injured veterans' spouses.

The present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all the spouses of injured veterans under the auspices of the Martyrs and Veterans Foundation of Tehran's District Five in the academic year 2019-2020. They answered Badee’ et al.’s Spiritual Intelligence, Gross and John’s Emotion Regulation, and WHO Quality of Life questionnaires. Multiple regression test was used to analyze the data. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that the correlation of spiritual intelligence and emotional self-regulation with quality of life was positive and significant (P<0.01). The components of spiritual intelligence explain 34.5% and the components of emotional self-regulation explain 22.1% of the variance in quality of life.

According to these findings, the use of spiritual intelligence training and emotional self-regulation for injured veterans' spouses increases their quality of life.

Many studies have been done on the relationship of attachment style to parents and attachment style to God with types of well-being (psychological, social and emotional). The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationship of attachment to parents and attachment to God with social and emotional well-being in gifted students.

This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population was all gifted students in Qom in the academic year 2016-2017, 299 of whom were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collecting using Parental and Peer Attachment Scales (IPPA-R), Muslim Spiritual Attachment Questionnaire (M-SAS), Social Well-being Sub-Scale, Positive Emotions Sub-Scale and Life Satisfaction Sub-Scale. For statistical analysis of the obtained data, descriptive statistics (mean, frequency calculation and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression) were used. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed a positive and significant relationship between secure attachment to parents with social well-being and emotional well-being and its components in gifted students. There is also a positive and significant relationship between safe attachment to God with social well-being and emotional well-being.

People with secure attachments feel comfortable in intimate relationships; they tend to rely on others for support, they are sure that others love them. In explanation for the relationship between attachment to God and social and emotional well-being, it can be stated that faith and belief in God and the belief that everything starts well by relying on Him and God controls everything, causes a sense of optimism and confidence about one's future actions. Thus, with this sense, optimism enters the social arena.

Mental health of housewives, especially their anxiety problems, are one of the neglected priorities in recent years that require serious attention of health policy makers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of attachment to God and relational ethics in predicting the experience of anxiety in married women.

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included all married women in Shahrood County in 2019. The sample size consisted of 380 women, who were selected by available sampling method, and answered the Anxiety Scale, Relational Ethics Scale and Attachment to God scale. Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. In this study, all ethical considerations were taken into account and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The results showed that the mean age of women was 41.89 years. The highest and lowest levels of education with 65% and 15% were related to secondary education and university education, respectively. There was a negative correlation between relational ethics (P<0.05, r=-0.57), vertical (P<0.05, r=-0.39) and horizontal ethics (P<0.05, r=-0.43) with anxiety, and a negative and significant correlation between attachment to God (P<0.05, r=-0.68), and its dimensions with anxiety. Regression analysis showed that relational ethics explained 23%, relational ethics and attachment to God together explained 33%, and attachment to God alone accounted for 10% of the variance in anxiety. The dimensions of attachment to God were also able to predict 12% of the variance in anxiety. Among the dimensions of attachment, relationship with God (β=-0.38) was the strongest predictor of anxiety.

Considering the role of the mentioned research variables in predicting married women's experience of anxiety, the results of this study can be used in anxiety prevention and treatment programs as effective variables.

Some studies show that religion and spirituality play a role in increasing mental well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of religious cognitive-behavioral therapy in comparison with conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy in improving the affect and hope in the patients with depression.

This is an experimental study with a pre-test post-test design. The participants were selected from people with depression who referred to counseling centers. In this study, 42 participants were included, and finally 30 remained until the end of the study. Fifteen patients received conventional cognitive-behavioral therapy and 15 received religious cognitive-behavioral therapy individually. Data collection instruments included semi-structured DSM-based interviews (SCID-I), Glark and Stock Religiosity Questionnaires (CRS), Beck Depression Second Edition (BDI-II), Watson’s Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Snyder’s Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The participants answered the questionnaires one week before the treatment and one week after the end of the treatment sessions. Each protocol consisted of ten sessions. Data were analyzed using ccovariance analysis. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

The findings showed that religious cognitive behavioral therapy significantly increases hope and its components more than conventional cognitive behavioral therapy (P<0.001). The findings also showed that although both religious and conventional treatments significantly increased positive affect and decreased negative affect, their effectiveness did not differ significantly.

Although religious cognitive-behavioral therapy promotes people's hope, but it should be promoted in terms of components and psychological techniques combined with spirituality to increase its effectiveness in increasing positive affect and reducing negative affect.

Death anxiety is one of the most common problems in old age that is affected by several factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the spiritual factors affecting the death anxiety of the elderly in the Iranian society.

In this meta-analytical study, using internal databases, 22 studies about death anxiety in the elderly published between 2010 and 1400, which met the criteria for inclusion in the study, were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. The authors of the article did not report any conflict of interests.

The combined effect size index of the studies was 0.382 under the fixed model and 0.465 under the random model. In a separate study of the effect size of the variables, the variables of spiritual confrontation therapy, spiritual therapy, semantics, relationship with God and Islamic spiritual therapy had the greatest effect on death anxiety, respectively. The results of publication bias methods indicated publication bias in the combined studies in the present meta-analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a moderating analysis was performed for the variables of gender and research method, which indicated the moderating effect of the research method variable on the results of the studies.

It seems necessary to pay attention to the spiritual factors affecting death anxiety as important and important factors that improve death anxiety.

The use of modern methods of pregnancy has raised questions in various fields and has created many issues in the field of the rights of both parties. One of these issues is the study of the parentage of the donated embryos, which is an important jurisprudential-social issue. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand and analyze the parentage of donated embryos and to examine their attribution to recipients of donations, based on the Shia jurisprudence.

This study is an analytical library-based. The keywords of fetus, donation and lineage in Shia narration and expressions of Shia jurists were investigated, and carefully analyzed based on jurisprudential-principled criteria. The author of the article did not report any conflict of interests.

In the use of modern artificial insemination techniques, how the newborn is assigned to donors is a sensitive issue. The findings showed that according to the Shiite jurisprudence, the real lineage of the child is related to the owner of sperm and ovum and the claim that due to the fetus owners’ withdrawal (due to donating it to the embryo banks or donating it to an infertile couple) they cannot claim the attribution of the child to themselves, is not is not acceptable because genealogy is not negated by withdrawal.

If the existence of a relationship between father, mother and infant is correctly proven, rights and duties such as sanctity of marriage, custody, maintenance and upbringing of infants, forced guardianship of father and paternal ancestor, alimony, inheritance between children fathers, mothers, relatives, etc., are forcibly created under the effects of lineage in the form of a right for the parties.

Sudden deaths are on the rise today. Many people die of unpredictable accidents and diseases. There are generally two types of human death: Definite time and conditional time. In fact, the definite time of man's death is the destined life determined by God. Nothing can move it forward or backward. It is immutable for God; but conditional time arises in the event of sudden death due to accidents or diseases and human death occurs sooner than God has decreed. Good human behaviors are effective factors in treating diseases. In this regard, the Holy Quran and the lessons of Islam have introduced alms as the best way to treat diseases and increase a patient's life. In the present study, we examined the effects and benefits of alms on the treatment of the disease and increasing the patients’ life, and we have stated the necessary conditions for the realization of the intended effects using the Quranic verses and hadiths.

This is a comparative study. These Islamic sources have been used to obtain and analyze texts with the keywords of alms, treatment of disease, longevity, sudden death and spiritual health: The Holy Quran, Al-Mizan, Baharalanvar and the software of Jame' al-Ahadith and Jame' al-Tafasir. Also the searched databases include SID, Magiran, IranDoc, Pubmed, Research Gate and Science Direct. The authors reported no conflict of interests.

Based on the findings from the verses and hadiths, paying alms has a significant role in the treatment of diseased and subsequent delay in conditional time of death and increased longevity of the patients.

According to the teachings of Islam, one of the effects of giving alms is the treatment of diseases; Therefore, we investigated the conditions that God has introduced in the Qur'an for the acceptance of alms, and by observing these conditions, the effects of alms will appear. By paying alms according to the specified conditions, the lives of the patients can be saved and their longevity can be increased.