نشریه حکمت صدرایی
سال یازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 21، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

In order to understand, infer, and communicate the esoteric and mystical messages of Islam on the scale of civilization, it is necessary to realize a systemic attitude in the inner domain of Islam and the mystical system of religion in order to realize the level of study, comparison and competition, efficiency and effectiveness of Islamic mysticism in The scene of human life management is worthy of. This research is an extension of the research and using the descriptive-analytical method to prove the hypothesis "existence of the system of social mysticism of Islam", in this way, the effectiveness of mysticism in the field of public competition and Prove in the social life of mankind. Social mysticism is a branch of applied mysticism, which expanded Seluk's spirituality from the realm of individual life to the field of collective life management, and crystallized the general conduct of the social scene. The origins and origins of social mysticism, Islam and Islamic teachings and the subject of social mysticism is the existence of the right to excellence in terms of appearances and manifestations of the names of all divine people in the human being as humanely as possible. The ultimate goal of social mysticism is to create the intuition of God through the absolute mankind and remaining on the survival of Allah. And the primary and middle purpose of mysticism is to forge intuition of network communication and achieve the mysteries of the world and arrest others and bring to the absolute truth of existence.

The resurrection of animals is one of the topics that has always been controversial among philosophers, theologians and religious leaders. Some of them believe that the animal's souls have no survival after death, and others who have accepted the abstraction of animals believe in their resurrection. In this article, while accepting the resurrection of the animal's souls based on verses and hadiths, the purgatory and otherworldly life of animals from the perspective of two philosophers of transcendent wisdom, Mulla Sadra and Imam Khomeini, is examined and what is the difference between animal and human resurrection and Is this resurrection common to all animals, or is the manner of the resurrection of animals also different from each other, and what will be the end of these souls, and is there any happiness and misery for the animals in the world of the Hereafter? In this article, while answering the above questions, one of the most important issues of soul reunification, ie the presence or absence of imagination in animals, is examined. Proof of imagination in animals is one of the reasons for proving their celibacy. Then, by stating other reasons for the celibacy of the animal souls and based on the views of Mulla Sadra and Imam Khomeini, it is finally concluded that animals that have the power of imagination, by connecting to their kind, have purgatory celibacy and have a minor personal resurrection on the Day of Resurrection. Other animals have a connection and with their death they unite with their Lord and lose their determination.

According to Aristotle, Islamic philosophers conceive that the body compose of two distinct essences called "Prime Matter" and "Corporal Form". What drives philosophers to relinquish simplicity of body is to explain phenomena in nature that can only be explained through the combination of "Prime Matter" and "Corporal Form". The duality between matter and face, as have helped philosophers in analysis of nature laws, has created challenges and brought them into many troubles. One of the most important challenges is the existence of something without any actuality, as well as the explanation of the combination that exists between the two. In this paper, while pointing out some of these challenges, ultimately is presented a new explanation of matter and form based on the elimination of external dichotomy between them, by using the capacity of Mulla Sadra philosophy. In this explanation, matter is not introduced as a separate entity of a form that lacks any actuality, but as an aspect of the means of “fluid existence”, which is unconditioned of any actuality. This interpretation, in addition to solving the challenges of the theory of matter and form, provides the aim of philosophers of providing this theory without any diminution.

Sad al-Din Dashtaki, and following him, Mulla Sadra Shirazi maintains that all real compositions are unified. After a short review of Dashtaki’s thesis, we concentrate on Mulla Sadra’s version. Mulla Sadra believes that Dashtaki’s version is not coherent and he declines the existence of real parts. We will argue that Mulla Sadra’s objections do not work and furthermore, all things said and done there is no difference between these two versions of the thesis of unified composition. If there is any difference, it is about their theory of existence, not about their theory of composition. Sad al-Din Dashtaki, and following him, Mulla Sadra Shirazi maintains that all real compositions are unified. After a short review of Dashtaki’s thesis, we concentrate on Mulla Sadra’s version. Mulla Sadra believes that Dashtaki’s version is not coherent and he declines the existence of real parts. We will argue that Mulla Sadra’s objections do not work and furthermore, all things said and done there is no difference between these two versions of the thesis of unified composition. If there is any difference, it is about their theory of existence, not about their theory of composition.

The immortality of the soul is one of the most important philosophical issues that are closely related to man and his destiny. How to understand immortality has a profound and direct impact on human lifestyle. Philosophers and other thinkers who have thought about man and his knowledge, his nature and destiny; the issue of immortality has always occupied their minds. In this article, an attempt has been made to compare and analyze the views of two prominent philosophers, namely Sadr al-Muta'allehin and Spinoza, who have thought about the soul, immortality and human destiny and have presented a novel and different point of view. Sadr al-Muta'allehin according to his special method in philosophy; That is, the use of argument, revelation, and intuition explains the soul and immortality, and finally offers a rational answer based on logical arguments, which has led to the theory of "physical occurrence and spiritual survival" of the soul. As a rationalist philosopher, Spinoza also has a unique view of the soul and immortality that differs from that of other philosophers. In many of his works, he has studied the issue of the soul and its nature and how to explain immortality. Based on "complete ideas", he justifies and explains the immortality of the soul in other ways. In this research, Spinoza and Mulla Sadra's views on the issue of the soul and its immortality have been studied with an analytical-comparative view.

Mulla Sadra has based his philosophical system on a number of principles, which will have important implications for each of them; the most important of which is the "Originality of Being", whose belief will lead to the adoption of the well-known theory of "unity of existence"; A view that is based on the denial of the full difference. On the other hand, the basis of "Hierarchy of existence" is one of the pillars of Mulla Sadra's philosophy, which plays a major role in explaining the plural theory of the beings of the universe. Sadra has attempted to explain two of the aforementioned foundations that do not fall into the paradox of the unity and plurality; what has made him successful for the first time in providing a rational explanation of the theory of “Multiplicity While Unity” is his particular reading of the theory of unity of existence using the viewpoint of Hierarchy of existence that is formed in the context of the two bases of the Originality of Being and the existence of a disabled interface.

Hadith and philosophy are two sciences among Islamic sciences that due to fundamental differences in the way of accepting their propositions, Muslim thinkers have paid less attention to these two. Philosophy, of both the peripatetic and the Enlightenment, has dealt with rational and intuitive principles among Muslims and has relied less on the movables left by the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the infallibles. This article focuses on Mulla Sadra's narrative view on the subject of ''novelty and antiquity of the soul" in the book Al-Nafs Asfar Arba'a. Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of his narrative arguments in the novelty and antiquity of the soul to sit on scientific judgment in this regard. Due to the small number of sources that have used narrative propositions in philosophical studies, less research has been done in this field.

intellect as a source of knowledge is divided into two theoretical and practical types; the existence of theoretical reason and the role it plays in general perception is accepted by all, but the existence of rational reason( independent of theoretical reason) and its evidence is a challenging and controversial issue .philosophers in this regard are divided into two groups : some deny the existence of practical wisdom from the theoretical reason and a group believes in it .in the second group, a group denied the cognitive function of the practical reason. in contrast, they promised to be partial .in his works, relying on two criteria (ontological and existential actions), mulla sadra considers the existence of practical reason as independent of theoretical reason and through the documents of concepts such as inference, thought, troy, intuition, inspiration, belief and judgment which are servants of perception, proves partial perception for practical reason. some of his phrases are also called motivational functions .in this paper, in addition to presenting a new formulation of sadra " s theory, we have presented a new formulation of sadra " s theory to the dispute between the two mentioned criteria and by using descriptive - analytical method, we have led to this conclusion that the practical reason is independent of the theoretical reason

The Holy Quran has been sent down to guide human beings and bring them to eternal bliss. What is more, the addressee of the Qur'an is human beings with all different levels and diversity of their talents. With this in mind, the Qur'an also has a hierarchy, and in addition to its apparent aspect, it has a inward aspect of which every human being uses according to his talent. Mulla Sadra, by quoting a hadith about the seven inward aspects of the Holy Qur'an, adapts it to the seven stages of human life and believes that each of the Qur'anic inward aspects corresponds to a stage of human journey. The main question of the present study is what criticisms have been leveled at Mulla Sadra in quoting the hadith of the seven inward aspects of the Holy Quran? The findings of the research in a critical analytical method show the words of Sadr al-Mutallah: Although there are hadiths in Shiite narrative sources that consider the Qur'an to have an outward and inward nature, but the number cited by Mulla Sadra is not accurate and can not be used in Ontological reliance on the human course. Also, the mentioned hadith has not been found in our narrative sources, and the Shiite hadiths only share the hadith of Mulla Sadra in having the inward aspect of Holy Qur'an.

The kind of combination of matter and form is one of the issues that philosophers dispute about it. Most of earlier philosophers believed in concrete composition. In the meanwhile, Seyyed Sanad believed in the union combination of matter and form, and Mulla Sadra took the same view. His arguments are very similar to those of Seyyed Sanad in terms of content and expressions, so this supposition is strengthened that Mulla Sadra merely accepted this theory and did not invent anything. But it is noteworthy that despite of this amount of similarity in the principle of the theory, the reasons for proving and answering the doubts, Mulla Sadra claims that his theory is other than the theory of Seyyed Sanad. After studying the theory and principles of each of those two philosophers, it is concluded that the correctness of the union combination of matter and form is based on principles such as the principality of existence, analogical gradation of existence and substantial motion. Irrespective of the principality of existence, about which Seyyed Sanad's belief is disputed, Seyyed Sanad definitely does not believe in the analogical gradation of existence and substantial movement. Therefore it can be said that Mulla Sadra has provided a novel interpretation of the theory of the union combination of matter and form with his principles.

Jounrying in various perceptual hierarchy is one of the most thought-provoking issues in the thought of Shiite philosophers of the Safavid era, including Mulla Sadra, whose manifestation can be seen in mosques as the most characteristic architecture of the Safavid era. Although Mulla Sadra considers perception to be beyond matter, but in the spiritual journey based on the theory of substantial motion, the body of Safavid era mosques can provide the possibility of promote perception. The present study is interdisciplinary and descriptive-analytical. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perception of matter in meaning in Safavid mosques by analyzing the substantial motion of matter in the perceptual hierarchy of Mulla Sadra. The key question of the research is how the journey in the perceptual hierarchy of Safavid mosques promote perception?

Conclusion In this research, considering the spiritual journey in the perceptual levels of Mulla Sadra, for perception in Safavid mosques, it has been defined in four pillars of stillness, motion, connection and unity. After the pillar of stillness, in each pillar for some reason, it is possible to promoting the perception of the audience; In the pillar of motion, through substantial motion; In the connecting pillar, with the help of transparency and the presence of light; And finally in the pillar of unity, through the union of the observer with space. Through these elements, the observer becomes prone to promoting perception, from the sensory level to the imaginary and then to the intellectual.

Mulla Sadra has various statements about the role of nature in guiding people. Sometimes he considered the nature of all human beings as the ability to acquire good things, which is the same in all human beings. The result of this view is to consider all human beings as the same in being guided. Secondly, in other places, he considers human nature to be the cause of guidance and considers misguidance to be obtained from outside. Finally, in some cases, he has spoken about people whose nature is based on disbelief and they are not able to know the truth and be guided. It seems that it is possible to understand the difference in the statements of Mulla Sadra's works by considering his ambiguity view and his belief in the difference in the basic nature of humans. According to Mulla Sadra, the human soul and body are different from the beginning of creation in purity and darkness, strength and weakness, noble and humble, and these differences make people inclined towards goodness or badness. Based on this opinion, we are faced with a spectrum of human beings, which is from definitively guided or misguided, and in the middle of this spectrum are people inclined to good or bad in the middle of this spectrum. Despite Mulla Sadra's statement in using expressions such as natural disbelief and natural error, because he emphasizes the element of choice in the form of action, his commentators have considered such expressions to mean the necessity of human nature in the tendency to disbelief, not necessity and obligation.