Journal of Urban Management and Energy Sustainability
Volume:4 Issue: 1, Winter 2022

The Right to the City is based on all residents of the city enjoyment from the urban life opportunities.The Children Right to the City means that the public and social space and the general atmosphere of the city for the presence of children and interaction with the body of the city and other citizens should be provided.Alignment between sustainable principles and children's rights also clearly emphasizes on the need for paying attention to children in urban planning.This research is a developmental-applied research and to achieve the goals,a mixed research method has been used.In the qualitative part,the method of content analysis and Grounded theory method were used together and NVivo software was applied to code the data.In the qualitative studies,the statistical community includes experts as well as university professors in the field of urban planning,and 32 people have been selected as the research sample using the snowball technique.In the quantitative part,based on the results of the interview and the conceptual model obtained from the qualitative studies,a questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale was designed.To calculate the sample size,Cochran's formula and To analyze the results of the questionnaire and examine how the variables are related,SPSS statistical software,T-test and multivariate regression were used.Based on the results of qualitative studies,a conceptual model of the components of the concept of the right to the city was presented in order to improve the quality of sustainable urban spaces for children.Results of quantitative studies demonstrates the relationships between the variables and their impact coefficient and ranking.

A factor that allows a person to find his way is the mental images he has from the environment, a clear picture of the environment in which he lives, the basis that influences his mental development. The purpose of this study is to assess the importance of factors affecting city image formation in Shiraz city. This is a descriptive-analytical study using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population is the citizens of Shiraz with The sample size of 384 people using Cochran's formula. Validity of questionnaire questions was verified by professors and experts in the field of urban planning, and reliability of research questions was calculated with Cronbach's alpha 0.86. To analyze the data of the questionnaire, spss17 software has been used. The results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed normality of the data. Finally, the t-parametric t-test of one-way test was used to investigate the research hypotheses. The results of t-test showed that all the studied variables in the present study with sig= 0.000 and 95% confidence level affect the formation of city image in the direction of effective urbanization. In fact, the attraction aspect of architecture and urbanization with an average of 4.46 has the most effect on the formation of the city's image In the area of effective urbanization, the size, environment, economy and trade, the international position of the city, socio-cultural issues, citizens' self-righteousness, infrastructure and transportation, and traffic communication respectively, have been less important in shaping the image of the city in the direction of effective city-making.

The concept of globalization has significantly influenced the theoretical literature of urban studies in recent years. creating the concept of a world city and identifying its advantages in modern urban planning has led many city governments to work on strengthening their cities' position as global cities; All of these efforts emphasize the need to enhance the competitiveness of cities to attract working capital in the age of globalization. Improving the level of competitiveness through physical interventions and creating safe and attractive environments to attract investors, brokers and tourists as a sign of return on investment, has been at the forefront of the goals of the globalization process. To increase their role in this process, many cities have reconstructed and scaled their operations compared to the past. The ports and beaches of many cities provide unparalleled examples of the changing role of cities in the process of globalization. This study is an attempt to highlight the importance of urban design in strengthening cities' level of competitiveness in the age of globalization. In this regard, the interpretive-analytical method is used to explain the topic and theoretical aspects related to the effects of globalization on cities in general, and its impact on coastal recovery projects in particular (Hong Kong Beach Project, Shanghai Beach Reconstruction Project, San Guiliano Venice Beach Park, Pittsburgh Beach Project) to examine how urban design responds to globalization and Finally develop guiding processes to guide coastal recovery projects towards globalization.

Educational spaces like universities, as academic space, is one of the areas of environmental architecture that play a major role in society. As a social institution, these spaces provide cognitive and emotional functions as much as physical functions. The concept of a sense of place in the structure of this psychology determines the quality of the environment. In the meantime, the behavioral settings can be placed in the center of the example of the sense of place due to the creation of a social node. The purpose of the current research is to explain the role of behavioral settings in improving the sense of place in academic spaces such as universities. The current research is of an analytical-interpretive type, which is considered to be developmental in its purpose. The method of collecting information is based on the use of documentary methods and the review of books, texts, and articles. Based on this, first, according to the specified goal, the main concepts were examined and with the method of inductive reasoning as well as content analysis, factors and general criteria influencing the position were extracted. Also, with emphasis on repeating the importance of expert experts and researchers, it was expressed in the form of a conceptual model and finally, after examining all the criteria of the final research model, it was presented as a result.

This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the realization of the creative city in the mid-sized city of Bonab. The present study is of applied research type and the prevailing approach is descriptive-analytical and inferential research. The statistical population of the research at two levels included Bonab citizens and experts. Data were collected using two spectra of statistical and Delphi questionnaires. Data analysis and analysis were performed using multivariate regression tests and variance analysis. The results of the regression test showed that all variables were related to the realization of the creative city in the middle city of Bonab and a total of 98 variables could explain 79% of the variance changes. The results of the MANOVA test also showed that there is a difference between the neighborhoods of Bonab city in terms of the characteristics of the creative city. Finally, the results of the TOPSIS model showed that the criteria of food and tourism and entertainment, communication and IT, industry, export, trade and services, university, research and health - treatment, social, culture and art, architecture - urban planning and management in The first to eighth priorities and neighborhoods 5, 1, 3, 4 and 2 are in the first to fifth priorities. Finally, it is suggested that the creative city in Bonab be realized with a focus on food tourism and the development of communication and academic status.

Today's architecture education in Iran is still in confusion between a superficial perception from a nostalgic look at the past to a tendency towards western models, and the essence of Iranian architecture has faced many challenges in reaching its fundamental essence. With the aim of investigating and determining the relationship between architectural education and the identity crisis in contemporary Iranian architecture and academic process manipulation. The research method is descriptive-analytical, practical in terms of purpose, and qualitative in nature. The method of data collection is through the study of documents, library and the method of conducting research is through the examination of theoretical foundations, concavity of the factor and converting it into final indices with the Delphi method and Analysis is through interviews. Qualitative analysis has also been done in MAXQDA software and using the contextual theory method of coding. The results of the studies showed that analyzing the values of traditional Iranian architecture, revising the subject and objectives of the architecture curriculum, reforming the quantitative and qualitative system of education, the system of attracting and training architecture students, and finally paying more attention to the indicators and effective factors of architectural education are effective and much useful to the whole system. Solving the architectural identity crisis in the form of an effective model can be effective in reviving the identity of contemporary Iranian architecture. In future researches, this model can be expanded and the internal relationships of indicators can be investigated and evaluated in other levels of academic environments.

Creating suitable lighting conditions in educational environments is one of the most important factors in the design of such spaces and have significant effects on the mental and physical conditions of students, as well as reducing energy consumption. But for the design of space lighting, attention should be paid to not creating too much or too little light and glare in the space. One of the modern solutions to provide these conditions is the use of dynamic and smart skins that react based on the amount of light. In this research the impact of the presence of dynamic smart shade and its absence on the amount of sufficient light supply and the possibility of glare in a classroom will be examined. The purpose of this research is to prove the better performance of the designed dynamic and smart facade, in providing proper light and no glare in the climate. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the design with the help of Iranian-Islamic architectural patterns in smart shade systems, especially on the southern side of the buildings, leads to the creation of visual comfort in the environment. Also, according to the results obtained from the comparison of the two facade systems, in all the analyses, the intelligent facade, unlike the case without the shade, has been able to provide enough light for more than 50% of the class area at all times, without causing glare.

Water plays an important role in the level and growth of economic activities, ‎social welfare, and environmental sustainability. The main purpose of this article ‎is to study the non-linear effects of per capita income on water withdrawal in the ‎domestic sector (drinking and urban) of the world. For this purpose, “The ‎Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis based on the natural resources” ‎has been tested using cross-sectional data, Ordinary Regression, and Smooth ‎Transition Regression (STR) from 163 countries. The result is to accept the ‎hypothesis in Water Economics. Furthermore, the "transition point" of the ‎relationship between income and water consumption in the gross domestic product ‎‎(GDP) is $ 41,982. The effect of national income on water consumption in the ‎domestic sector is non-linear, which can be caused by the scale, technology, or ‎composition effects. As a result, stricter environmental regulations can reduce ‎per capita water withdrawals and the rate of aquifer erosions. Indeed, increasing ‎per capita income and changing societal structures will reduce per capita water ‎use.‎

The purpose of this research is to determine the role and function of Iranian metropolises in regional development. The template paradigm in this research is based on critical theory. The method of gathering the data and information needed for the research was done through documentary studies, questionnaires and interviews, and the necessary analyzes were done through the method of meta-study and consensus of opinion. The results of the research show that among the economic functions, the way of income distribution, and among the social functions, human aspects, workforce and youth of the population, and among the environmental functions, climatic conditions have the greatest impact on regional development. The results of the research, including the analysis of the theories in favor and against the metropolises and the views of other different experts in relation to the regional development process, axes, intellectual foundation, topic and approaches of regional development, should be based on The intermediate point of view and the use of the relative benefits of all points of view based on interaction and intellectual discourse and taking into account spatial, spatial dimensions and territorial justice for all territorial areas (including metropolises, small and medium cities and villages) should be done together. Also, in the suggestions section, the type of approach, program, planning, program coverage, program scope, program preparation process, program implementation process, program level, and the role of the planner in the regional development of Iran were presented.

Public territory in cities has always served as a platform for the embodiment of behavioral patterns and interactive human actions in the environment. The qualitative method used in this study is behavioral observation, a modern approach to environmental design and the analysis of public territory, and a method to understand the mutual relationship between people and spaces. This study's main goal was to investigate conditions in which spatial diversity could help form specific behavioral patterns inside public territories. The main study question is: "Which behavioral patterns prevail in the areas under study based on space diversity? And how much do environmental factors contribute to space users' satisfaction? This method was investigated in sample Zanjan's pedestrian zone, the starting point of the city's main historical and commercial routes, subjected to degradation and transformation. The present study was applied and carried out in a survey form. The survey strategy was used to validate the study findings. Views obtained from 50 interviewees led to the extraction of some components constituting the reasons behind visiting a space. Zanjan's pedestrian zone faces a reduced volume of static activity and behavioral patterns in the mid-hours of the day, with the highest volume of traffic taking place from 4 p.m. to 9 p.m. On the other hand, a review of questionnaires on revisiting the space led to the identification of such factors as access to occupations, shopping, spending leisure, and finally, interactions.

The Persian garden as a symbol of a traditional Iranian landscape has a millennia-long history. A variety of factors contributes to create the historical phenomenon of which environmental sustainability is the important one. Although, the Persian gardens have been investigated from different perspectives Knowledge about the sustainable perspective of these gardens is limited. Despite the importance of sustainability in traditional Iranian landscape, available studies have not examined the Persian gardens through the lens of sustainability. This paper scrutinizes the parameters of environmental sustainability in the historical garden of Shazdeh in the arid city of Mahan as a selected case study. The main aim of this study is analyzing the elements and design principles of Shazdeh garden in order to identify the features of sustainable landscape architecture. To this purpose, the selected research method in this paper is descriptive-analytical, which according to the type of research, study and data collection are the combination of these two qualitative and quantitative methods. In this regard, first, the qualitative method is used to examine the parameters of sustainable landscape in the hot and arid climate. Then, both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed to investigate and evaluate the effects of sustainability factors on the main elements of Shazdeh Garden which include natural elements (water, vegetation), and built elements (pavilion). The results show that understanding the characteristics of sustainable landscaping in arid regions plays a key role in creating the physical models, spatial organization, and composition of elements of Shazdeh Garden.

Considering the role of academic spaces and their quality on the progress and efficiency of students, as well as providing a platform for increasing social interactions between them, open spaces as a part of university complexes can be the basis for the active presence of students, participation in collective activities and the use of the capabilities of the environment. Nowadays, the lack of or inappropriate quality of the furniture has led to the non-optimal use of students and as a result, decreasing their attendance and the dynamics of open spaces in these collections. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the role of the characteristics and indicators of the furniture in the seating area on social interactions and their presence in the use of these elements in the open space. This research is based on descriptive-analytical research and two documentary methods and a questionnaire have been used to obtain information, and the obtained information has been analyzed and evaluated by SPSS software in the case of Islamic Azad University of Sari. The results show that the furniture is mostly used for sitting and talking with friends on the university campus, and the performance of the furniture is more satisfactory compared to its beauty and form. In addition, there is a relationship between social interactions and factors affecting attendance, and this means that increasing the number of social interactions will result in more attendance. In future research, the internal relationships of the investigated indicators and their results can be developed.