International Journal of Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics
Volume:2 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2022

This article is based on studying the effects of some potent candidate drugs for the treatment of female infertility. Statistically, it is one of the most important issues experienced by many female groups with the subdivision consisting of primary and secondary infertility. In this article first, genes of female infertility were taken from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and used to identify the protein-protein interaction network (PPI). Then, three protein modules from the PPI network that is under consideration, were recognized, and followed by drawing the mRNA-miRNA interaction sub-network for each protein module. According to this study, by considering the three main modules, ten miRNAs genes had the most important effect in female infertility, with the genes, MRPS22, BCLAF1, and LYAR having strong positive impact on female infertility. From this study, eventually a drug-gene interaction network for female infertility was obtained. Based on our findings, it is recommended that young couples, use low-risk therapies instead of the prescribed drugs. Finally, to make a scientific conclusion, further studies of the effects of these genes, miRNAs, and drugs in the infertility treatment is needed.

In this paper we investigate the effect of low power laser on spermatogenesis in testicular tissue of azoospermia mouse model in-vivo. In this experimental work, 112 adult male Syrian mice were randomly divided into three main groups: negative control group, positive (Azoospermia control) group, and experimental group, but to determine the best dose of laser radiation three experimental groups were tested. To create azoospermia control group, Busulfan was used at a dose of 30mg/kg, for 21 days by intraperitoneal injection. In the experimental groups after Busulfan treatment, they were applied by the low power diode laser (wavelength of 808nm) with three different energy densities of 2, 4, and 8 J/cm2. The employment of a laser with an energy density of 8 J/cm2 was shown to be beneficial in boosting germ cell and sperm production.

Being a Color blindness or color vision deficiency (CVD) is a type of ocular disorder that prevents the recognizing the special colors. Until now, the certain cure for CVD has not been discovered. Recently, glasses and contact lenses based on chemical dyes were investigated as promising tools for color vision deficiency management. In this work, we proposed the plasmonic PDMS-based lenses to improve the red-green color vision deficiency. We utilized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for fabricating the lens which is a biocompatible, nontoxic, stretchable, and transparent material and will be a suitable option for producing the contact lenses. Finally, the suggested contact lens based on PDMS was immersed in a HAuCl4·3H2O gold solution. Our suggested plasmonic lens is based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and plasmonic gold nanoparticles dispersed in the produced contact lens based on PDMS suggest a suitable color filter for CVD improvement. The fabricated contact lens suggests perfect features including biocompatibility, durability, and stretchability, that will be helpful for color vision deficiency management.

Fano resonance is a branch of surface plasmonics that has become a hot topic in sensing due to its asymmetric response spectrum, field enhancement effect and high sensitivity to refractive index (RI). In this research a plasmonic biosensor has been designed and simulated based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The simulations show that, the designed biosensor is able to detect changes of the RI of the surrounding media. The refractive indices (RIs) selected in this paper cover a wide range of RIs for biological samples. However, it is possible to accommodate media with RIs other than those in this specific range. The biosensor's sensing performance embedded in the sample has been tested in different conditions. Different frequencies can be achieved by changing the sample RI.

To demonstrate that the Z-scan technique is a reliable approach for diagnosing normal and cancer cells, the absorption coefficient (α), nonlinear refractive index (n2) of normal (MCF10A) and cancer cell lines (MCF7) were examined. According to our findings of the optical properties of cells, cancer cells shown to have higher linear absorption coefficient than normal cells as well as nonlinear refractive index (n2) of different signs but the same order of (10-7 cm2/W). This method is a quick method for differentiating between normal and cancerous breast cells, making it suitable for use in clinical stages in the future. This is because of the obvious fundamental difference between the optical behavior of normal and cancer cells, as well as the affordability, the potential for reproducibility without compromising sample quality, and the high accuracy.

In this paper, a highly sensitive 1D photonic crystal (1DPC) based biosensor is introduced and theoretically studied using the transfer matrix method, which has the capability of detecting multiple biomarkers, simultaneously. An m by n gradient refractive index (GRIN) lens array is introduced to the center of a 1DPC structure as a defect layer that is surrounded by two microfluidic channels. By irradiating a natural light source to the structure, a multiple array of the concentric rainbow appears on the output plane. The frequency range of these rainbows is highly dependent on the effective refractive index of the fluid inside the two microfluidic channels. By functionalizing the surfaces around the channels with an m by n antibody array along with the interaction of the various biomarkers, each element of the rainbow array displays the changes in the concentration of a different biomarker. Any change in the concentration of the biomarkers can cause a variation in the effective refractive index of the fluid and thus lead to a shift in the generated rainbow frequency range of the output. The size and number of the generated rainbow array may be engineered by using the central defect layer's refractive index distribution function.

Infrared (IR) radiation is a non-invasive method to reduce neural responses, while its mechanism is still unclear. Here, using the modified Hodgkin-Huxley model, the effects of IR light on the parameters participating in the action potential (AP) blocking are investigated to study the mechanism of infrared neural inhibition (INI). Considering the temperature dependence neural model, the voltage membrane changing, ion currents variation and ion channels activation/inactivation gates behavior under IR pulses are studied. The results show that IR pulses can successfully block APs and confirm that potassium ion currents have an influential role in suppressing APs. Moreover, it is shown that infrared light during the suppression of AP has little effect on increasing the sodium ion currents. However, it seems that sodium ion channel gates play an effective role during INI. It is observed that infrared light increases the rate of opening and closing of activation/inactivation gates of ion channels. This study also presents why the suppression of action potentials continues after the end of the IR pulse. It seems this is related to the incomplete refractory period of AP, which is probably due to the disturbance in the reopening of the sodium channel inactivation gate (h-gate). The current report helps to improve the IR laser medical applications for reducing nerve pain.