مجله فیض
سال بیست و ششم شماره 6 (پیاپی 128، بهمن و اسفند 1401)

Knee osteoarthritis is associated with damage to ligaments and skeletal muscles around the knee joint. Since inhibiting of atrophy can help to improve this disease; therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs), hyaluronic acid (HA) and aerobic exercise on the expression of myonectin and myogenin genes and the production of CD44 protein in the quadriceps muscle tissue of osteoarthritis rats.

Forty-five adult male rats aged 6-8 weeks were placed in 9 groups of 5 including: healthy control, patient control, MSCs, HA, aerobic exercise, MSCs+HA, exercise+HA, exercise+MSCs and exercise+MSCs+HA. Osteoarthritis was induced surgically. Aerobic exercise was done for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week and at a speed of 16m/min. MSCs were injected at the rate of 1×106cells/kg and HA at a concentration of 10mg/ml. Forty-eight hours after completing the protocol, the quadriceps muscle tissue was isolated and the expression of myonectin and myogenin genes was measured by Real-Time PCR and the expression of CD44 protein was measured by immunohistochemistry method.

The gene expression of myonectin, myogenin, and CD44 protein expression was significantly increased in aerobic exercise, HA and MSCs groups alone (P=0.001) and CD44 in exercise+HA (P=0.024). Also, myogenin in exercise+MSCs group (P=0.037) and myonectin in exercise+MSCs, exercise+HA (P=0.001) and MSCs+HA (P=0.012) groups increased significantly.

Aerobic exercise, HA and MSCs alone and exercise+MSCs synergistically led to the inhibition of muscle atrophy by increasing the activity of myokines; but exercise+HA play a role in muscle building in osteoarthritis rats.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) as a progressive disorder caused by degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons leads to bradykinesia, tremor, and cognitive dysfunction. The administration of Z. jujuba in animal models of nervous system disorder had favorable effects on memory ability and oxidative stress biomarkers. Accordingly, we assessed the influence of Z. jujuba aqueous extract administration on learning, memory, locomotor activity and oxidative stress biomarker in rats with Parkinson’s disease.

In this study forty adult Wistar rats allocated into four groups were sham group, untreated Parkinson study group and two groups treated with aqueous extract of Z. jujube at two different concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/kg/days. PD induction was done by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Rotations activity was assessed by injection of apomorphine. Morris water maze was utilized to evaluate spatial learning and memory. Also, oxidative stress was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) biomarker.

Our data showed that the 6-OHDA-induced PD led to the learning, memory and rotations activity dysfunctions. Administration of 1000 mg/kg of Z. jujube improved the learning and memory (P<0.0001). In addition, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of Z. jujube decreased the apomorphine-induced rotations (P<0.0001). Also, Z. jujube decreased malondialdehyde level in midbrain and hippocampus (P<0.05).

aqueous extract of Z. jujube administrated by the animal model of PD can has favorable potentials on memory, learning, apomorphine-induced rotations and brain malondialdehyde level.

Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory and estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. The responses of the immune system, nutrition, sports activity are among the most important factors affecting this disease. The research aimed to investigating the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 pathway after a period of exercise and vitamin E consumption in endometriosis model rats.

The research is of fundamental and experimental type. 25 female Wistar rats were selected and divided into 5 different groups. After induction of endometriosis, rats in the training group swam 5 days a week. The vitamin E consumption group consumed the supplement daily. The studied proteins included TLR4 and MyD88. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's post hoc test were used at the significance level of P≤0.05.

There was a significant difference between the research groups. The results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the expression level of MyD88 gene in healthy control group differed from endometriosis model control groups (P=0.0001), exercise group (P=0.019) and patient control group+vitamin E supplement (P=0.021). Significantly, the control group of endometriosis model was significantly different from the exercise group (P=0.002), the patient control group+vitamin E supplement (P=0.002) and the patient group+vitamin E+exercise (P=0.0001). There was a significant difference in the expression of TLR4 gene in the healthy control group with the control group of endometriosis model (P=0.048).

Induction of endometriosis strongly affects this pathway to cause inflammation in the tissue. Exercise with enzymatic adaptations may help slow the pathway and prevent inflammation and tissue cell proliferation down.

Transcription Factor EB (TFEB) and Transcription Factor E2F1 play an important role in metabolism. This study investigated the effect of exercise training and high-fat diet on the gene expression of these factors in the visceral adipose tissue of mice.

In the experimental study, 28 male mice (C57BL/6) were assigned into four groups included Control, High-Fat Diet (HFD), Exercise Training (ET), and High-Fat Diet with Exercise Training (HFD-ET). The subjects of HFD were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The mice of ET performed continuous endurance training on a treadmill for six weeks. The mice of HFD-ET had six weeks of endurance training in addition to having the HFD. The Real-Time–PCR methods were used to measure the gene expression of TFEB and E2F1.

1) The gene expression of TFEB was increased by HFD and ET (P<0.05). 2) The combination of HFD and ET had an increasing effect on TFEB (P=0.02); However, this effect was not higher than ET and HFD, separately (P>0.05). 3) HFD caused an increase in E2F1 (P=0.03). 4) Neither ET nor combined HFD and ET significantly increased the expression of E2F1 (P>0.05).

Continuous endurance training has a similar effect (no opposite effect) to the high-fat diet on gene expression of TFEB. Further, it could be thought that this exercise training may partly negate the increasing effect of the high-fat diet on E2F1 expression.

Considering the hypoglycemic role of cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein (SPARC) and its effect on AMPK phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with cinnamon extract supplementation on SPARC, AMPK and GLUT4 levels in type 2 diabetic rats.

35 eight-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups: control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes-supplement (DS), diabetes-exercise (DE), and diabetes-exercise-supplement (DES). The training program was performed 5 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Rats in DS and DES groups received 200 mg/kg of CE daily by gavage, and rats in C and DE groups received water during this period.

Blood glucose was decreased in the DS, DE, and DES groups. SPARC, AMPK, and GLUT4 protein levels and weight significantly reduced in the D group. Also, GLUT4 levels in the DS group increased significantly. However, the SPARC, AMPK, and GLUT4 protein levels were significantly increased in both the DE and DES groups.

CE only increases GLUT4 but exercise increases the SPARC, AMPK, and GLUT4 in diabetic rats. However, exercise with CE have significantly greater effects on the SPARC, AMPK, and GLUT4 in diabetic rats and can be very useful in the treatment of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids can cause disturbances in the antioxidant system and some inflammatory markers such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in kidney of athletes. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of testosterone enanthate consumption on antioxidant activity, NF-KB and COX-2 genes expression in kidney tissue of resistance-trained male rats.

24 male rats were divided into three groups: control, training, training + testosterone after a week of familiarization. Rats in the training and training + testosterone groups performed resistance training for eight weeks and five sessions per week. Also, rats in the training + testosterone group received 20 mg/kg/week of testosterone enanthate by intramuscular injection three days a week. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the research findings (P≤0.05).

The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that COX-2 gene expression in the training group (P=0.001) and the training + testosterone group (P=0.001) had a significant increase compared to the control group. Also, a significant increase was observed in the Training + testosterone group compared to the training group (P=0.001). NF-kB gene expression in the training group (P=0.003) and the training + testosterone group (P=0.001) compared to the control group significantly was higher. Also, a significant increase was observed in the training + testosterone group compared to the training group (P=0.002).

It seems that intense resistance training and testosterone consumption can lead to an increase in inflammatory factors in the kidney tissue of resistance trained rats.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective drug in the treatment of various cancers whose usage has been limited due to the cardiac toxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the combination effect of troxerutin (TRX; It is derived from the flavonoid rutin and has pharmacological properties) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and expression of mitophagy genes Mfn2 and Parkin in rat cardiac cells.

Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10): 1) Control, 2) DOX, 3) HIIT + DOX, 4) TRX + DOX, and 5) HIIT + TRX + DOX. After the last session of HIIT, the trained and time-matched control rats were injected with DOX (20 mg/kg, ip). To confirm the induction of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, it was shown that DOX injection increased serum level of lactate dehydogenase from 57±3 U/l to 171±6 U/l. The expression of mitophagy genes including Mfn2 and Parkin was measured by Real-Time PCR.

DOX injection decreased the expression of mitophagy genes Mfn2 and Parkin (P<0.01). The combined effect of HIIT exercise and troxerutine consumption led to a significant increase in the expression of mitophagy genes Mfn2 (P<0.05) and Parkin (P<0.01) compared to the DOX group.

The combined application of HIIT exercise and troxerutin can increase the expression of mitophagy genes Mfn2 and Parkin in cardiac cells of DOX-receiving rats and reduce DOX-induced cardiac toxicity.

The use of doxorubicin for therapeutic purposes is associated with the occurrence of kidney disorders. However, this study aimed to investigate the interactive effects of aerobic training and Crocin supplementation on B-lymphocyte lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in kidney tissue of rats exposed to doxorubicin.

40 male Wistar rats (age 8-10 weeks, weight 200-220 grams) were randomly divided to groups: (1) healthy control, (2) doxorubicin (2 mg/kg/day), (3) doxorubicin+training, (4) doxorubicin+crocin and (5) doxorubicin+exercise+crocin. Aerobic training was performed for eight weeks, three sessions a week (with an intensity of 60-70% of VO2max); and crocin was gavaged 50 mg/kg/day. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used (P≥0.05).

Bax ​​and Bax/BCL2 ratio were lower in doxorubicin+crocin and doxorubicin+exercise+crocin groups and BCL2 values ​​were higher than doxorubicin group (P=0.001). Bax ​​and Bax/BCL2 ratio in doxorubicin+exercise group were lower than doxorubicin group (P=0.001). Bax ​​and Bax/BCL2 ratio were lower in doxorubicin+exercise+crocin group and BCL2 ​​was higher in this group than doxorubicin+crocin group (P=0.001). BCL2 ​​ in the doxorubicin+exercise+crocin group was higher and the Bax/BCL2 ratio in this group was lower than the doxorubicin+exercise group (P=0.001).

It seems that aerobic training with reduction of Bax and Crocin with increase of BCL2 have favorable effects on the inhibition of apoptosis in the kidney tissues of rats. But these two interventions have an interactive effect in inhibiting the apoptosis of kidney tissue following exposure to doxorubicin.

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, and according to the report of the World Health Organization, this statistic has been increasing in recent years. So, the present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of group positive behavioral therapy and group cognitive-behavioral therapy on cognitive flexibility among women with breast cancer.

The present study was an experimental study. The selected statistical population of the study included all women with breast cancer who referred to the breast clinic of Milad Hospital in 1400. Among the clients, 45 people were selected by random face sampling. People were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group (15 people). The experimental groups underwent cognitive-behavioral and positive therapy in 8 weekly sessions of 90 minutes. Dennis and Vanderwaal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire was used to collect information. The data was analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis with SPSS-20 software.

The results indicated a significant difference in the effect of the two treatments on the variable scores of cognitive flexibility (P<0.05). Although the positive group therapy was effective on all three components of cognitive flexibility, the cognitive behavioral therapy group had a greater effect on the cognitive flexibility of women with breast cancer than the positive therapy group.

The findings of this study showed that the use of cognitive behavioral therapy and positive behavioral therapy can improve the cognitive flexibility of women with breast cancer. So, the use of these methods is recommended by counselors and psychologists in clinics and hospitals.

It seems that physical activity is effective in improving the homeostasis of glucose and blood lipids by increasing the production of circulating levels of Irisin. this research aimed to investigate the simultaneous effect of cinnamon and TRX exercises on the serum levels of Irisin and metabolic status of inactive obese women.

The current research was semi-experimental. 40 overweight female volunteers were randomly assigned to four groups of combined exercise (n=10), combined exercise-supplement (n=10), supplement (n=10) and control (n=10). Blood sampling was 24 hours before the start of training period and 48 hours after end of the last session. Then, by using the analysis of covariance (Ancova) test, between-group changes were used and paired correlation T-test was used for intra-group comparison. Data analysis was done by SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of P<0.05.

The findings of this research showed that the combined exercise and cinnamon supplement decreased the serum concentration of insulin and HOME. Also, that increased the level of Irisin, and the values of serum glucose were not significant. but intragroup analysis showed that there was a difference between the averages in exercise group (P=0.048) and exercise-supplement group (P=0.021) in the post-test compared to the pre-test, a significant decrease can be seen.

In this study, Irisin had a negative correlation with fasting blood glucose, BMI, which probably increase can have beneficial effects on glucose regulation, insulin resistance and obesity caused by overweight in women.

obesity in adolescents has become a serious public health concern that will lead to many risk factors; therefore, this study was performed to study a causal model of food cravings based on cognitive self-awareness mediated by positive behavioral emotion regulation in obese students in Mashhad.

The method of this research was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study was all middle and high school male students in Mashhad during the academic year 2021-2022 and 320 subjects were selected by cluster sampling. The Food Cravings Questionnaire of Cepeda-Benito et al., the Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire of Wells & Cartwright-Hatton, and the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire of Garnefski and kraaj were used to collect data. The collected data were also analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and structural equations by Lisrel 8.8 software.

The results showed that the causal model of the relationship between cognitive self-awareness, behavioral emotion regulation, and food cravings in students with obesity was confirmed based on various fit indices (P<0.05), Overall, cognitive self-awareness positive behavioral emotion regulation predicted 53% of the variance food cravings in obese students.

Therefore, according to the results, it is suggested that the Education and Welfare Organization implement cognitive skills and emotion regulation training by counselors and psychologists in planning and life skills classes for students.

Hearing loss (HL) is known as the most common sensorineural disorder. The frequency of hearing impairment is one in every 500 infants born, worldwide. In Iran, due to the high prevalence of consanguineous marriages, this amount is estimated to be two to three times higher. The high locus and allelic heterogeneity of hereditary hearing loss in different populations of Iran and distribution of studies are the main reasons for conducting this review.

Published articles were collected and reviewed in Google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases from 1989 to 2022 based on the keywords of Iran, non-syndromic, hearing loss, gene, mutation and pathogenic variants.

So far, more than 130 genes causing non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) have been known in the world, of which 57 genes including 430 pathogenic and likely pathogenic mutations have been reported in NSHL patients in Iran. Based on the literature, GJB2, SLC26A4, MYO15A, MYO7A, CDH23, and TMC1 genes are among the most common causes of NSHL in Iran, respectively, and their distribution is different in various populations. In addition, missense mutation is the most common reported mutation.

This study while confirming the high genetic heterogeneity of NSHL in Iran, emphasizes the importance and revolutionary impact of next generation sequencing (NGS) techniques in diagnosing the genetic cause of hearing impairment in different populations of Iran. Such an approach can play a significant role in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and clinical management of hearing impairment in affected families.

Spermatogenesis is a process that leads to the production and differentiation of sperm. During this process, various molecular and metabolic pathways are involved. "1-carbon cycle" is known as one of the most important metabolic cycles, which includes two cycles of folate and methionine and the transsulfuration pathway. This cycle has essential and vital roles in DNA and RNA methylation, DNA condensation and maturation, and maintaining the antioxidant balance in sperm. In this review, the importance of the 1-carbon cycle in the process of spermatogenesis has been considered.

Using the keywords of the study, related studies were reviewed from PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases between 1993 and 2021 in English, and the information of 69 selected articles was extracted.

Disturbance in the 1-carbon cycle metabolism, such as the transsulfuration pathway, the re-methylation process, folate or cobalamin deficiency, and the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism of the MTHFR gene variant C677T, can affect DNA and RNA methylation and sperm DNA integrity. An increase in homocysteine concentration, especially in individuals with folate deficiency, is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidants in the cell, which can affect sperm function and fertility.

Strengthening the 1-carbon cycle with folate and other micronutrients may lead to the improvement of sperm parameters and fertility potential by activating the enzymes involved in the transsulfuration pathway and reducing homocysteine concentration.