مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد
سال شصت و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 183، امرداد و شهریور 1401)

There is a huge emphasis on the integrity and incorruptibility of organizations to prevent corrupt behaviors. Hence, this paper aimed to make a better understanding of integrity frameworks and components in international publications.

To achieve that aim, this paper was done through a Meta-synthesis analysis. For this purpose, after searching the databases in a time limit of 2000- 2020 (November), studies were selected that directly examined the subject of organizational integrity and entered the analysis phase. The selected studies were entered into MAXQDA11 software for coding.Research

 After the coding process, 98 codes were identified. From the referral point of view, among the identified codes are clear codes of behaviors, Informing about the results of the organization's performance, training, and empowerment of personnel codes were the most important in terms of the number of referrals in research terms respectively. In the next step, codes were divided into 15 Categories.Innovation or Value of the Article: Achieving a comprehensive model with the Meta Synthesis approach is one of the innovations of this study, which could be a pattern for other research.

Nosocomial infections (NIs) during ICU admission may cause morbidity, mortality and hospital readmissions. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors of nosocomial infections in ICUs with an emphasis on preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis.

A retrospective study of NIs was conducted in ICUs of a public hospital in Iran between October 2019 and May 2020. The overall rate of NI, distribution of the infection sites and responsible pathogen and the length of ICU stay as well as the risk factors of NIs were investigated.

The rate of NIs in patients receiving one preoperative antibiotic was much lower than that in patients receiving more than one antibiotics (p<0.001). Long-term pre-operative antibiotic prophylaxis or use of broad spectrum surgical prophylaxis increased the risk of NIs in ICUs.

The results indicated that using of more than one antibiotic as preoperative prophylaxis is associated with higher risk of NIs. Moreover, administration of broad spectrum antibiotics as preoperative prophylaxis increase the risk of NIs in critically ill patients.

Scientific evidence suggests a reduction in the anti-atherogenic and antioxidant effects of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in the presence of obesity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks TRX on PON1 and HDL in inactive middle-aged obese women.

For this purpose, 28 sedentary middle-aged obese women aged 30-40 years of old (30 ≤ BMI ≤ 36) were randomly divided into of TRX (8 weeks, 3days/weekly, n= 14) and control (no training, n = 14) groups. Fasting levels of PON1 and HDL and anthropometric indices (Weight, abdominal circumference, body mass index, visceral fat, body fat percentage) were measured before and 48 hours after lasted exercise session in both groups. Independent and paired t-test was used to compare baseline levels and changes in variables between the two groups before and after the training program.

TRX training led to a significant increase in PON1 (p= 0.016) a significant decrease in anthropometric indices (p < 0.05) and but HDL did not change significantly (p = 0.087). None of these variables were changed in the control group (p > 0.05).

Despite no change in HDL, TRX training by increasing PON1 is associated with antioxidant and anti-atherogenic effects in obese middle-aged women.

Tendency to addiction in adolescents and not paying enough attention to it, can lead them to high-risk and addictive behaviors and leave irreparable harm. according to this the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness skills training on the impulsivity and emotional self-awareness in the adolescents with the addiction tendency.The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up stage design. The statistical population included secondary high school students with addiction tendency in the academic year 2019-20. 30 adolescents were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 adolescents). The experimental group received ten seventy-five-minute sessions of mindfulness skills training during two-and-a-half months. 2 students in the experimental group and 2 students in the control group quitted participating in the study after beginning the process. The applied questionnaires in this study included the questionnaire of addiction tendency (Mousavi et.al, 2008), impulsivity questionnaire (Barratt, et.al, 2004) and emotional self-awareness questionnaire (Grant et al, 2002). The data were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA and Bonferroni follow-up test.The results showed that the mindfulness skills training had significant effect on the impulsivity and emotional self-awareness of the adolescents with the addiction tendency (p<0.001) and succeeded in decreasing impulsivity and increasing Emotional self-awareness in these adolescents.

Blood pressure is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease and plays an important role in the progression of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and kidney failure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its control in MASHAD cohort study.

This study was performed on the MASHAD cohort study. Subjects in this study were divided into three groups with normotensive, pre-hypertensive and hypertensive subjects. The significance level of the tests was considered less than 5%.

In this cross-sectional study, 9704 individuals were recruited, of which 33.4% were healthy, 35% had pre-hypertension and 31.6% had hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in men under 40 years was 15.9% and it was more than women. Also, the frequency of hypertension in women but not in men increased with age. Of all patients with hypertension in this study, 58.5% were aware of their disease. This number was 43.4% in men and 66.6% in women. Hypertension was controlled in 24% of patients, 16.3% of men and 28.6% of women.

The results of this study showed that more than one third of the study population had high blood pressure and more than one third had pre-hypertension. Also, more than half of the people were not aware of their blood pressure, and only 24% of those who were aware of their disease were able to control their disease.

Positron Emission tomography (PET) as a nuclear medicine imaging modality is increasingly used in clinical practice to diagnose disease and cancer. To achieve a high quality PET image for diagnostic purposes, a standard dose of radioactive tracer must be injected into the patient's body, which increases the risk of radiation damage. However, reducing the tracer dose leads to increase in noise and decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio and the quality of the PET. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of Gaussian filter, Bilateral filter, Non-Local Mean and Wavelet Transform filters in improving the quality of low-dose PET images. First, these filters were optimized separately for two dose levels, and then the optimal filters were applied to 40 PET brain images with a 5% and 10% dose levels. Finally, the performance of these filters was evaluated and compared using PSNR, RMSE criteria in the whole brain and RMSE and Bias criteria in different areas of the brain (e.g, thalamus, cerebellum, putamen, etc.).

The aim of this study was to compare self-esteem, assertiveness, mental well-being and depression of female students with and without parents in high school in Abadan.

This is a comparative causal study. In this study, the multi-stage cluster sampling method of 90 students (30 with parents, 30 without father and 30 without mother) of Abadan secondary schools were included in the study. For data collection, Cooper-Smith self-esteem scale, Gambrill and Reggie expression, Reef psychological well-being and Beck depression were used after determining validity and reliability. Study data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test.

The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between self-esteem, assertiveness, psychological well-being and depression of orphaned and orphaned female students. They had higher depression. The results also showed that there is no significant difference between the expression of female students with parents and female students without parents.

Students without parents had lower self-esteem and psychological well-being and depression than students with parents.

Hemiplegic children have several neurological defects that are involved in motor function and daily activities; Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a selected exercise program and rehabilitation and a selected exercise program with rehabilitation on healthy hand motor skills of hemiplegic children.

The research method is quasi-experimental and the research design is pre-test post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population consisted of hemiplegic children referring to Tavaniab, Zanko and Kimia rehabilitation centers in Kermanshah. The statistical sample of the study was 30 people based on the inclusion criteria who were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 people and in the next stage 24 people remained based on the exclusion criteria (selected exercises 9 people, selected exercises with rehabilitation 8 people and exercises Rehabilitation 7 people). The research instrument was a demographic questionnaire and MABC-2 test. Dependent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test of both experimental groups in all variables (p ≤0.001). Also, there was no significant difference in the ball receiving variable between any of the groups (P ≥ 0.001). However, there was a significant difference in the bean bag throwing variable between the rehabilitation group and the selected group with rehabilitation (P ≤ 0.001).

It seems that the selected group with rehabilitation has a better effect on bean bag throwing variable than other groups.

Developing psychological indicators are important to improve athletic performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on resilience and mental toughness in elite Karate players in Isfahan.

In this quasi-experimental study, which was performed as a pretest-posttest with a control group, 30 Karate players with an age range of 18-24 years were selected by a purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n=15) and control (n=15). The resistance training program was performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week with exercise intensity 40% to 70% of 1RM, and 60 minutes each session for the experimental group. At the beginning and the end of the training program, resilience and mental toughness in both groups were evaluated using the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003) and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (Shired et al, 2009). Data were analyzed using covariance and multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that resistance training had a significant effect on resilience in elite Karate players (P≤0.05). Also, there was observed significant development in mental toughness and confidence, constancy and control subscales (P≤0.05).

This study showed that can be used resistance training for improvement and reinforcement to resilience and mental toughness psychological indicators in athletes.

The sedentary and mechanical lifestyle and on the other hand, many problems that have arisen during the covid-19 pandemic have affected the indicators of the quality of life and isolation and social support of the elderly. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of comparing the quality of life, support and social isolation of active and inactive elderly people during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The descriptive research method was of comparative causal type. The statistical population of the research is the elderly over 60 years old in Lahijan city in 1401, where 213 people were selected by referring to parks, swimming pools, clubs and nursing homes. The data collection tools included the demographic profile form and quality of life questionnaires of Lipad (1998), social support by Zammit et al. (1988) and social isolation by Madrasi et al. (2016). Data were analyzed using Kolmogov Smirnov, Levin, variance and covariance tests with SPSS software version 25.

The results showed that there is a significant difference (0.001) between the quality of life, isolation and social support of active and inactive elderly with emphasis on the period of covid-19 (P≤0.001).

It seems that physical activity and participation in sports activities, due to being in public places, is an important variable in reducing social isolation and increasing social support, and taking into account that it can improve the quality of life of the elderly from a physical point of view. And raise the mouth.

Breast cancer threatens the lives of many women around the world. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of spontaneous education on performance and sexual concern of women with a history of mastectomy.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with experimental group. The statistical population of this study includes all women with breast cancer who have a history of mastocomia from which 54 people were selected as a sample using purposive sampling method and using simple randomization method in three groups: spontaneous education (n = 18) and group. Controls (n = 18) were assigned. Data using distress tolerance questionnaire (Simmons and Gahr); Women's Sexual Function Questionnaire (Rosen et al.); Women's Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (Mastoon and Triple) was obtained. Data were analyzed using Mankova method and analysis of variance with repeated measures and the above statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS.22 software.

The results showed that spontaneous education was effective on sexual function and anxiety and tolerance of anxiety. Also the most effective between progressive de-stress training; Then spontaneous training had an effect on sexual performance and anxiety and tolerance of anxiety (p <0.01).

Therefore, it can be concluded that for performance variables and sexual concern of women with a history of mastectomy, progressive stress relief training was more effective.

The aim of study was to compare the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy and schema therapy on perfectionism of people with social anxiety in Shahinshahr.

The study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of experimental method (field) . The statistical population was all social anxiety patients referred to counseling centers under the supervision of Shahinshahr welfare city, 45 people were selected by purposive sampling and based on cut-off point of Jerabak Social Anxiety Questionnaire and randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups and 1 control group (15 people each). One experimental group 10 sessions of 90-minute schema therapy weekly. The second experimental group received 25 sessions of 45 minutes neurofeedback therapy, the control group did not receive any intervention. Research instruments included questionnaires of social anxiety (Jerabak, 1996) and perfectionism (Hill et al., 2004) were completed in three stages pre-test, post-test and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Both therapies had lasting effect on improving the mean scores of perfectionism (P <0.05). Eta coefficient for the mentioned variable was 0.316. Both therapies were found to have an equal effect on dimensions of perfectionism, including focusing on mistakes, need for approval, and purposefulness, on attempt to be great only schema therapy and on order and organization only neurofeedback had effect. the dimensions of perception of pressure from parents, high standards for others and rumination were not effective.

Both treatments especially schema therapy have lasting effect on improving perfectionism

The aim of this study was to compare the rate of sexual deprivation in Iranian and European-American societies and its relationship with the rate of depression and achievement motivation. This research was applied and post-event comparative method.

For this purpose, 219 subjects aged 25 to 55 years, with upper secondary education levels, including 61 Iranian men and 51 women, and 50 men and 57 women from European-American countries, voluntarily answered the questionnaire. To measure the variable of "sexual deprivation" in the two research groups, the "ASSD" questionnaire was used to assess the severity of the factors that underlie sexual deprivation.

Comparison of the mean and standard deviation of the severity of the factors underlying sexual deprivation in the two groups showed that the severity of these factors and consequently the amount of deprivation in Iranian society is higher than the American-European community (p <0.01). Also, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that Iranian samples had higher scores in all components (significance level 0.001).

This type of deprivation is the product of archetypes and as a result of the unique Iranian culture. It has consequences in the insights and behaviors of the Iranian society and has nothing to do with the commands and values of Islam. The application of the findings of this study is to include the concepts obtained in long-term educational and cultural planning.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy, brief intervention and combination intervention on reducing depression in recovering Covid-19 in Andimeshk.

The present research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of 80 patients with Covid-19 virus recovered under the auspices of Andimeshk Comprehensive Health Service Centers who were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). The experimental group underwent cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week and the control group did not receive any intervention. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used to collect data and analysis of covariance was used to test the research hypotheses.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief intervention on depression in Covid-19 in Andimeshk, but there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and combined intervention on depression in Covid-19 in Andimeshk.

Based on the results, it can be concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective in reducing depression. And there is no difference between the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and combination intervention (cognitive-behavioral therapy and brief intervention)

Paying attention to the mental health and optimal cognitive function of children and adolescents is of great importance in societies. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation on students' attention and response inhibition skills.

This quasi-experimental research was conducted in the form of pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up with a control group. The number of 51 students was determined as the sample size, and they were randomly divided into three groups of 17: two experimental groups including neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation and the control group. The statistical population of the research was made up of all students aged 8 to 16 in Tehran in the year 1400. The data collection tool included IVA-2 software. A mixed analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data.

The results of this research showed that neurofeedback compared to transcranial electrical stimulation or tdcs is a more effective method for increasing auditory response inhibition, and both treatments alone were effective in improving attention skills and response inhibition.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation are effective in improving students' attention and response inhibition skills. The mentioned findings can help therapists to choose the type of treatment.

this study aimed to investigate the efectiveness of cognitive behavioral stress management training on reducing anxiety and hypertension in hypertensive men.This is a pre-test and post-test pre-test with control group. The statistical population in this study was all men over 35 years old with hypertension referring to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj during the second half of 2019. In order to conduct this research, 30 hypertension men over 35 years old were selected by available sampling method. The instrument was the Stress Scale (DASS-42). Data were analyzed using ANOVA one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS twenty version.The results of this study showed that stress management training in cognitive-behavioral way was significantly different between the groups in the research variables (p ≥0/005.( This means that cognitive-behavioral stress management training has led to stress management and control of men's blood pressure in the experimental group.Cognitive-behavioral stress management training for men with hypertension in the Tohid Hospital of Sanandaj has been shown to reduce symptoms of stress and high blood pressure in them. This treatment increases the ability of individuals to adapt to stressful situations and teaches a combination of contraceptive techniques and cognitive-behavioral techniques to control stress and blood pressure.Keywords: Cognitive-behavioral stress management, Anxiety, Blood pressure.

Obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA) is one of the most important medical events in recent decades and is related to sedentary, obesity, hypertension and diabetes. The main aim of this research is studying the effect of eight weeks interval aerobic exercise on AHI, BMI and life quality of middle-aged men who are affected by OSA.

In this quasi-experimental research, 24 participants 47.5 ± 4.4 aged, AHI= 41.2 ± 21.4 and BMI= 27.5 ± 1.8 were studied in two groups of training and controlling randomly. The training group started the selected interval aerobic exercise program with the intensity of 65% up to 70% MHR in first week and finished it with the intensity of 80% up to 85% MHR. The controlling group had no exercise program. AHI was measured with polysomnography set, BMI was measured with Inbody 270 set and quality of life was measured with SF-36 questionnaire. For studying the data of independent t test in SPSS software, version 26 was used.

In evaluating mean difference for AHI, p= 0.31 was calculated so that there was no meaningful change. For BMI, p= 0.24 was calculated so that there was no meaningful change, and for the quality of life p=0.0001 was calculated so that there was a meaningful difference between those studied groups.

This research determined that doing eight weeks of interval aerobic exercise has no effect on making a meaningful change in AHI and BMI but a meaningful improvement was seen in the quality of lives of patients.

Examining the variables of plantar pressure today gives a correct understanding of the possible damage to the plantar. The present study was the effect of six weeks of trampoline exercises on the balance and quality of life of people with diabetic neuropathy.

The present research is an applied and semi-experimental research in which a pre-test and post-test with a control group were used. 30 neuropathy patients were selected in a purposeful and available manner, and then they were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. The experimental group did 3 sessions and each session include 40 minutes for trampoline training. Before and after the exercise period, the static and dynamic balance and the quality of life were evaluated by the foot scan machine and the quality of life questionnaire for diabetic patients (DQOL-BCI), respectively.

The inferential analysis of the data was done using the paired t-test (p=0.05). The research results showed that trampoline exercises on dynamic balance (p=0.001), static balance (p=0.005) and quality It had an effect on the life of neuropathy patients (p=0.01).

According to the findings of the research, six weeks of trampoline exercises have a positive effect on the static and dynamic balance and quality of life of patients with diabetic neuropathy, and these exercises can be used in the physical rehabilitation process of diabetic patients.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women and as a chronic disease has various psychological complications. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on post-traumatic growth and death anxiety in patients with breast cancer.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with control group and two-month follow-up test. 30 research samples from the community of women with breast cancer in District 1 of Tehran in 2021 were selected by available methods and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The required findings were collected using post-traumatic growth and death anxiety questionnaires in three rounds of pre-test, post-test and follow-up test and were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The findings showed that the mean scores of post-test and post-traumatic stress test and death anxiety were different in the experimental group and the results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention Improving post-traumatic growth and death anxiety in patients with breast cancer is effective (p <0.001).

Therefore, mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention can be used to increase post-traumatic growth and reduce death anxiety in patients with breast cancer.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of emotion-based family therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on mothers' distress tolerance with mentally retarded children.

The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with two experimental groups and control group. From the community of mothers with a mentally retarded child in Tehran in 1399, 39 people were selected as a research sample and randomly placed in three experimental groups 1, 2 and control. Experiment 1 group members received emotion-based family therapy, and experimental group 2 received acceptance and commitment therapy, while control group members did not receive any intervention. Also, all members of the experimental and control groups answered the anxiety tolerance questionnaire in three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance statistical method.

The results of repeated measures analysis showed that both family therapy approaches based on emotion and acceptance and commitment were effective in improving the anxiety tolerance of mothers with mentally retarded children (p≤0.001). The results of pairwise comparison showed that the emotion-based approach to acceptance and commitment had a greater impact on the tolerance of mothers with distressed children.

In order to improve the anxiety tolerance of mothers with mentally retarded children, both emotion-based therapy and acceptance and commitment are effective, but emotion-based therapy is more effective.

The aim of the present study was to compare the abnormal personality dimensions according to the DSM-5 and the emotional schemas in patients under methadone maintenance treatment and ordinary people.

the plan of the present study was descriptive and causal-comparative. 35 patients under methadone maintenance treatment were selected by available sampling method from 3 addiction treatment centers and 35 ordinary people were matched with patients under methadone maintenance treatment with age, gender, marital status and level of education.

The results showed a significant difference in the Comprehensibility and Higher values components of the emotional schemas scale, as well as Antagonism and Disinhibition components of the pathological personality dimensions scale between patients under methadone maintenance treatment and ordinary people.

Therefore, it can be said that the mentioned maladaptive emotional schemas and pathological personality dimensions can be considered in the field of prevention of substance use and intervention on patients under methadone maintenance treatment.

The specialty of emergency medicine is actually a multidisciplinary study that interacts with almost all other specialized fields.

The present study was conducted using a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, which is the study of Peymaniyeh Hospital and Professor Motahari (RA) Jahrom. The mayor of the hospital, the supervisor of the emergency department and the person in charge of improving the quality of the hospital were formed. Data collection was done by semi-structured interview method with open questions, which reached the saturation limit with the participation of 9 people, and the 7-step Claysey method was used for data analysis.

Based on the opinions and experiences of the participants in the study, in the matter of explaining the role of emergency medicine specialist in providing services in the emergency department; 6 main themes (management and leadership, improving the quality of service delivery, patient satisfaction, economic benefits, developing team and interdepartmental cooperation, and improving education) were obtained with 33 sub-themes. Also, 25 components were extracted in the issue of obstacles and facilitating factors in providing services.

The results of this study showed that among the five roles that are expected from emergency medicine graduates; Specialists have been more successful in playing caring, managerial, consulting and educational roles, and the role of research has been weaker.

Two-phase square electromagnetic fields (EMF) release a variety of neurotransmitters, including serotonin. Verapamil is an inhibitor of calcium channels and has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in various animal models. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of low frequency electromagnetic waves and verapamil on formalin-induced pain behavior in male rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of 10, which included control group, verapamil injection group, irradiated group and verapamil group with radiation. In two groups under radiation and verapamil with radiation, rats were exposed to electromagnetic waves with a biphasic square wave frequency of 20 Hz. Pain were evaluated by formalin test and the results were compared between the groups.

The results of this study showed that irradiated groups, verapamil and verapamil plus radiation showed significant antinociceptive effect compared to control group so that pain significantly reduced in these three groups. Also in the irradiated and verapamil groups with irradiation compared with the verapamil group pain significantly (P <0.01) reduced,

Findings indicate the effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields and verapamil on pain relief in rats .This effect is probably related to the effect on the opioid system, alpha adrenergic and increased serotonin levels.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Friends program training and play therapy on pain response in children with cancer.

The research method is quasi-experimental in the form of pre-test-post-test design with a control group. From children aged 7 to 12 years with cancer in Loghman Hospital of Tehran, 58 people were selected as the sample. Then the experimental groups underwent 10 sessions (2 sessions of 60 minutes per week) under the intervention of Friends program training and play therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention, then the post-test was performed for all three groups. The instrument used was the Pain Response Scale. Data were analyzed by covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test.

Friends program training and play therapy were effective on pain response in children with cancer. Comparison of the two interventions showed that the effectiveness of Friends program training on pain response is greater than play therapy.

Friends and play therapy program can be used to improve the pain response of children with cancer, but the use of Friends program is recommended.

Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a developmental neurological disorder that is described by three main characteristics: Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder and Impulsivity. The symptoms often create impairments in one or more major areas of the person’s life, especially in those cognitive areas that require levels of attention and concentration ، decision making and flexibility. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive rehabilitation on executive functions (decision making, flexibility, emotion control) in children with ADHD.

The present study is a semi experimental study, designed with pre-test / post-test clinical trial and a control group. It was diagnosed and matched with the Raven Intelligence Test using the CSI-4 Diagnostic Test and selected by purposive sampling. Sample was randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. Children in the Experimental group were given 10 one hourly sessions of rehabilitation program each week .Response inhibition was measured using Wisconsin and Planned with Bariff test.

Pre and Post test scores were significantly different in measures of executive functions (both decision making, flexibility, emotion control) in children with ADHD (P <0/001).

Training on cognitive rehabilitation appears to be effective in improving the executive functions (decision making, flexibility, emotional) of children with ADHD and can be offered as an appropriate replacement against the effects of psycho stimulants medications.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the psychological well-being of recovered COVID-19 patients at the peak of the pandemic. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all recovered COVID-19 patients at the peak of the pandemic in Isfahan (n=30) who were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After performing the pretest, the experimental group received a CBT program for 12 sessions, and then the posttest was performed. The required data were collected using the Warwick-Edinburgh psychological well-being scale (WEMWBS; 2007) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance (ANCOVA)) using SPSS-20 software. Findings showed that CBT increased psychological well-being (P<0.01). Based on the obtained findings, it can be concluded that CBT can be considered an effective treatment in increasing psychological well-being components such as optimism, positive relationships with others, being energetic in recovered COVID-19 patients.

Psychopathy is a personality disorder with a long history. Various variables are associated with this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and type of crime with psychopathic personality disorder in male prisoners in Mahabad.

The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive correlational type. From the community of male prisoners in Mahabad which were 391 people, simple of prisoners were selected through number whole sampling, and finally 384 people were examined as the final sample. Psychopathy was assessed using the Levinson Psychopathy Questionnaire and demographic characteristics and type of crime through a profile checklist. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey post hoc test, Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS23.

There was a positive and significant relationship between age and number of children with factor 2 psychopathy (P <0.05). The rate of psychopathy was higher in prisoners with a history of drug and alcohol addiction, inmates with the crime of robbery (factor 2), inmates with a bachelor's degree, inmates with a second history of arrest (P <0.01) and inmates with a prison sentence of 4-5 years (Factor 1 and total score) (P <0.01). The rate of psychopathy varied according to the level of income (P <0.01). There was no significant relationship between other variables and psychopathy.

Understanding psychopathy based on demographic characteristics enhances our knowledge of this personality disorder and can be invaluable to those who deal with it in prisons.

Introduction and The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of self-regulatory education and problem solving skills training on academic engagement and academic resilience of 10th grade male students in Ahvaz. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and follow-up with a control group. Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, after random selection of a number of schools from all boys' secondary schools in Ahvaz, 60 tenth grade students were divided into 3 groups (including two intervention groups and a control group). Before the training classes, all three groups (including two intervention groups and a control group) were evaluated with the academic engagement questionnaire (Scheffley et al, 2002) and academic resilience Questionnaire (Martin and Marsh, 2009). Zimmerman (2000) self-regulatory skills and the second experimental group of Dezorilla and Goldfried (1971) problem solving skills training program were presented in 9 sessions. The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. The results showed that self-regulation training and problem-solving skills training had an effect on students' academic engagement and academic resilience. The results of post hoc test also showed that self-regulatory training had a greater impact on academic resilience. However, there was no significant difference between educational interventions in the variable of academic engagement. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that self-regulation training and problem solving skills are appropriate intervention methods to increase students' academic engagement and academic resilience.

Overweight and obesity are related to increased production of free radicals, weakened immune system and metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training and spirulina consumption on the antioxidant indices of overweight and obese men.

In the present study, which was semi-experimental, practical and single-blind, 44 men (BMI>25(kg/m2)) were purposefully selected and randomly divided into four groups: exercise+spirulina, exercise+placebo, spirulina and placebo. Incremental resistance exercises were performed for 8 weeks. The spirulina and placebo groups took 2 tablets (500 mg) of spirulina and placebo, respectively. Blood sampling was done before and after 8 weeks. In data analysis, t-test (student) and one-way analysis of variance were used.

In intra-group comparison, the amount of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px increased significantly in two groups of exercise+spirulina and exercise+placebo (p<0.05). For the SOD variable, the exercise+spirulina group had a significant increase compared to the other three groups and the exercise+placebo group compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). For the GSH-Px variable, the exercise+spirulina group had a significant increase compared to the spirulina and placebo group and the exercise+placebo group compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). CAT changes were not significant between groups (p>0.05).

Taking spirulina along with resistance training can strengthen the antioxidant status in overweight and obese people and prevent oxidative stress caused by exercise and obesity.

The present study was used to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment and reality therapy based on death stress and biomarkers of FBS and HbA1c in the elderly with type II diabetes.

The research design in terms of practical purpose in terms of the nature of a quasi-experimental study was pre-test-post-test with a control group and random assignment. From the community of elderly diabetic patients (type II) referring to specialized clinics of diabetic patients in Shiraz in 2020-2021, 60 people were selected by purposive sampling method and were replaced in 3 groups of 20 people. Participants in acceptance, commitment, and fact-based group therapy were trained in 8 sessions of 1.5 hours, and the control group did not receive any training. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate method and t-test were used for two independent groups.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy and reality therapy had a significant and lasting effect on death stress and biomarkers of FBS and HbA1c in the elderly with type II diabetes (P <0.05). Tukey post hoc test showed the difference between the mean stress of death and FBS and HbA1c biomarkers between the control group and the commitment and acceptance treatment group and the reality therapy group.

Acceptance and commitment and reality therapy can be used to reduce the stress of death and these therapies can be used to improve the biomarkers of FBS and HbA1c in the elderly with type II diabetes.

Obesity is the cause of various diseases and in this regard, the growth of adipose tissue is associated with changes in angiogenesis. The effect of exercise on regulation of adipose tissue angiogenesis has been shown by some studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of exercise activity with different intensity and volume on the expression of PDGF-B and FGF-2 genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue of Wistar rats.

In this experimental study 24 rats (8 weeks old weighing 237±33 g) were kept under standard conditions and were randomly divided into 3 groups High Intensity Interval Training, Moderate Intensity Training and Control. HIIT (28 minutes, including 4 intervals of high intensity at 90 to 100% VO2max and low intensity at 50 to 60% VO2max) and MIT (37 minutes with an intensity of 65% VO2max) groups underwent 8 weeks exercise training. Tissue sampling was performed 24 hours after the last exercise training session and expression of PDGF-B and FGF-2 genes were measured by qRT-PCR. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data at the significance level of α <0.05.

The results showed that HIIT and MIT significantly increased PDGF-B and FGF-2 gene expression in rat adipose tissue compared to the control group (both P=0.001).

It seems that according to the findings of the present study, both training protocols have the same effects on the process of angiogenesis of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

pregnancy  can cause various psychological damage to women, such as anxiety. according to this the present study was conducted to offer a model of predicting quality of life according to mindfulness with the mediation of pregnancy anxiety in pregnant women.

The research method was descriptive-correlational and pathway analysis. The statistical population included pregnant women who referred to the hygiene centers and gynecologists offices in the city of Ahvaz in the autumn and winter of 2019. The statistical population included 400 pregnant women who were selected through available sampling method. The applied questionnaires included Quality of Life Questionnaire (Ware and Sherbourne, 1992) (QLQ), Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire (Vandenbergh, 1990) (PAQ) and Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al, 2008) (FFMQ). The data analysis was conducted through pathway analysis and Bootstrap test.

The results showed that mindfulness and pregnancy anxiety have significant relationship with quality of life (p<0.01). Moreover, mindfulness and pregnancy anxiety have significant direct effect on the quality of life (p<0.01). Furthermore, the results of Bootstap test showed that pregnancy anxiety has significant mediation role in the relationship of mindfulness with pregnant women’s quality of life (p<0.01). Finally, the model enjoyed an appropriate goodness of fit.

Considering the significant mediation role of pregnancy anxiety it is necessary for the clinical therapists to decrease pregnant women’s anxiety through applying efficient psychological therapy methods.

Numerous studies have investigated the effect of different factors on scapulohumeral rhythm ratio. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between thoracic kyphosis with scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio.

one hundred nine male students (age: 18-25 years) selected as statistical sample randomly. A flexible ruler was used for measuring thoracic kyphosis. Humeral abduction and scapular up or dawn ward rotation were measured by two inclinometers at the scapular resting position, 45°, 90° and 135° shoulder abduction in frontal plane. Subjects performed humeral abduction with the dominant shoulder in the frontal plane. The scapulohumeral rhythm ratio was calculated from division humeral abduction to upward rotation of the scapula from scapular resting position to 45°, 90°, and 135° humeral abduction in the frontal plane. Pearson Correlation Coefficient test was used to determine a significant relationship between thoracic kyphosis and scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio. The significance level was set at α< 0.05.

Findings showed there is negative significant relationship between thoracic kyphosis and scapular upward rotation in 90° and 135° shoulder abduction. In addition this study findings a positive significant relationship between thoracic kyphosis with scapulohumeral rhythm ratio in 90° and 135° shoulder abduction in the frontal plane.

Significant correlation between thoracic kyphosis with scapular upward rotation and scapulohumeral rhythm ratio indicates the importance of proper spine alignment to prevent shoulder joint disorders.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and semantic group therapy on reducing depression and increasing resilience and life expectancy in patients with Quid 19 in Tehran.

This experimental study was a pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study includes people who improved from Quid 19 in 1400 in Tehran hospitals. First, 60 people were selected based on available sampling, then based on the scores of Beck Depression Inventory, Connor and Davidson Resilience and Schneider Life expectancy questionnaires, 30 of these people were randomly divided into two experimental groups and a control group. One experimental group received 10 sessions of semantic therapy and the second experimental group received 13 sessions of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two cognitive-behavioral group therapies and meaning therapy on reducing depression and increasing resilience and life expectancy in patients improved from Quid 19.

The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy and semantic therapy have been equally effective in reducing depression and have been effective in increasing resilience and life expectancy. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has been effective in increasing resilience and life expectancy.

Skin melanoma is one of the most invasive types of skin cancer. It accounts for about 75% of all skin cancer deaths and has not yet been definitively treated. As a result, early diagnosis and prevention of the disease is important. Much research has been done to find ways to treat and cure cancer. One of the newest methods in this field is the use of nanotechnology to detect and inhibit cancer cells. In this study, the effect of using Nano microbubbles of Air, Oxygen and Ozone on A375 melanoma cancer cell line was evaluated.

A375 cell line treated with different concentrations of Nano microbubbles of Air, Oxygen and Ozone and were evaluated by MTT method. In order to measure cell viability, MTT plate was added to each well and then the plate was incubated.

According to the results of this study, a decrease in the viability of A375 cancer cells with an increase in the concentration of Oxygen and Ozone Nano microbubbles after 24 hours indicates apoptosis and has a significant inhibition of the growth of these cells.

The results of this study indicate that Nano microbubbles of Oxygen and Ozone in high concentrations cause cell death of A375 cell line. The results of this study will help investigate the role of Nano microbubbles of Air, Oxygen and Ozone in the treatment of melanoma cancer.

Introduction and In the evening, the family system has many problems and family differences, divorce, increasing the number of orphans and criminal juvenile indicate the main problems in families, the main root of which is the quality of relations between couples. According to this the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of effective communication skills training based on Islamic culture on communication patterns of couples with children. The study is an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included couples with children referred to comprehensive health centers in the city of Malathia in the first six months of 2021. The sample group consisted of 60 couples who were selected by random sampling from the statistical population and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (30 couples in the experimental group and 30 couples in the control group). Both groups completed the Christens and Salawi (1984) Couples Communication Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ), then the experimental group under 12 sessions of 2 hours of effective communication skills training program based on Islamic culture. D The results showed that effective communication skills training based on Islamic culture has an effect on communication patterns of couples with children. Training in effective communication skills based on Islamic culture is effective on couples 'communication patterns and due to its usefulness, can be used as an effective method to improve the quality and increase couples' emotional communication.

Occurrence of infection is one of the complications of orthopedic surgery, which has bad consequences for the patient and the health care system. Loosing of bone tissue occurs due to the formation of a biological layer on the implant fixator, and it leads to the breaking of the infected implant and subsequently to local inflammation and bone destruction. In this review article, the effect of hydroxyapatite-loaded with antibiotics, due to its effective biological activity and appropriate chemical structure in orthopedic treatments is investigated. Vancomycin, gentamicin and tobramabicin are common antibiotics in orthopedic surgeries. The use of these mentioned antibiotics by injection cannot effectively reduce or treat the infection on the surface of the implant. In this regard, the use of antibiotic coatings on the implant surface can be a more effective method in controlling infection after orthopedic surgeries. Studies show that the implants coated with hydroxyapatite-loaded with antibiotics are a suitable choice for useful applications such as reducing recovery time, reducing pain and simultaneous growth of new bone on the implant. Researchers showed that the antibacterial activity and clinical applications of implants coated with hydroxyapatite along with antibiotics are very effective in orthopedic surgeries. All the examined antibiotics showed favorable results in the treatment of infection, and Vancomycin, due to its longer release time and the lowest level of toxicity compared to other antibiotics, can be used as a medicine. With more successful clinical results, it can be used in hydroxyapatite loading in order to cover the orthopedic schanzes

isolated from patients' infections and to determine the pattern of antibiotic susceptibility in patients referred to Shahrekord hospitals.

Antibiotic susceptibility model was performed by disk diffusion method based on CLSI model. Isolated isolates were analyzed by PCR for the presence of mecA target gene and confirmation of SCCmec typing.

45 patients (27.10%) out of 166 patients had positive culture of Staphylococcus aureus, of which 11 (24.44%) were male patients and 34 (75.55%) were patients. Oxacillin resistant and 36 isolates (80%) were resistant to cefoxitin and 45 isolates (100%) were phenotypically MRSA. These isolates were confirmed by molecular method (presence of mecA gene carrying molecule by PCR).100% of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection were methicillin resistant and 95.5% were MDR. Of 100 methicillin-resistant isolates (isolates containing mecA gene), type V was detected in 53.33% of isolates. Also, TypeIII and Typr IVa were detected in 26.66% and 17.77% of isolates, respectively.

More than half of the staphylococcal infections in this study were caused by Staphylococcus aureus and more than 48% of the isolates were resistant to methicillin. The highest resistance to penicillin was observed. The high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus is a serious danger to society.

of these important concepts in psychology today is "successful intelligence". The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of successful intelligence training on tolerating ambiguity, learning strategies of self-regulation and social adaptation of female students by semi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test with control group.

The study population was single female students with an age range of 18 to 30years in Islamic Azad University,Yadegar-e Emam Branch in the academic year of 1399-1400, 24 in the control group and24 in the experimental group(21students Follow-up)were selected as available.The method of data collection was non-random and as available, but due to COVID-19 disease, the questionnaires were prepared through as a link and was performed once before the start of the course, once at the end of the course,and once for follow-up two months after the course.The questionnaires of successful intelligence,ambiguity tolerance,self-regulatory learning strategies,and Bell social adjustments were used as research tools.

The covariance method was used for the pre-test and post-test, and T was always used for the follow-up period. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in the experimental and control groups show that according to the Pillai effect, Landai-Wilks, Hetlink-Lovely effect and Roy's Largest Root tests, All of the dependent variables (ambiguity tolerance, self-regulation learning strategies and social compatibility) there is a significant difference (F=12.57, P<0.0001). In the follow-up period, according to the significance level of 0.0000, all of which were smaller than 0.01, the contrary hypothesis was confirmed. These findings indicate that the effect is significant with a probability of 99 percent.

successful intelligence training course affects successful intelligence, ambiguity tolerance,self-regulatory learning strategies and social adaptation, and can increase creativity, practical and analytical ability, and increase one's tolerance against ambiguities, and is an important factor in regulation of one's mood and learning, and plays an important role in the adaptation of the individual in society as much as possible.Therefore, it is recommended to start successful intelligence courses as a complementary model along with training courses from adolescence and develop them in universities.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the educational program based on school satisfaction with academic wellbeing on students' academic hope. In this research, the effectiveness of these two methods were compared.

In terms of methodology, the current research is part of quasiexperimental designs of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all the female students of the third year of the second period of secondary school in the city of Naqdeh, who were studying in the academic year of 1998-99. From this population, students with low academic prospects were screened using the purposeful sampling method. Then 60 students of that school who had low academic expectations were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 people and a control group of 20 people. The experimental group was taught 10 sessions of 90 minutes program based on academic well-being. The members of each group completed the academic well-being questionnaire of Tominin, Sweeney et al. (2012) and the school satisfaction questionnaire of Anderson and Brooke (2000) and the educational hope questionnaire of Kharmai (2013) in all three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up. they did Data were analyzed with SPSS22 software and mixed variance analysis method.

The findings showed that the average scores of the academic hope variable in education based on school satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group, in the post-test and follow-up stages, increased significantly.

Therefore, according to the fact that the post-test average of the subjects in the academic well-being group is lower than that of the subjects in the school satisfaction group, it can be concluded that the placement of the subjects in the academic well-being group has caused a decrease in the scores in the post-test of academic well-being. Byram Nejads, placing the subjects in the school satisfaction group has increased the scores in the post-test and it can be concluded that school satisfaction includes all the variables and criteria of academic progress and satisfaction with learning, and education based on school satisfaction compared to education based on It has more success on academic well-being because it considers a set of factors and provides the reasons for students' satisfaction with the school.

Background and Aim:

Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Astaxanthin (ASTX) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotectiveeffects,therefor may be useful for treatment of PD.In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effects of ASTX against the toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in animal and cellular models.

NMRI male mice, were used in this study. Parkinsonism was induced by injection of 6-OHDA (5 μg/1μl in 0.2 % ascorbic acid-saline) into the left striatum. Parkinsonian mice divided to: the control and treatment groups. The treatment groups were administered orally with water or ASTX (10, 20, and 30mg/kg) for 28 days.The behavioral activities of mice were determined by apomorphine-induced rotational test. The Dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells were cultured for 48 h with various concentrations of ASTX (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of 6-OHDA.The toxicity of 6-OHDA was evaluated by trypan blue assay. The viability of SH-SY5Y cells following 6-OHDA exposure were determined by MTT assay.

The results demonstrated that 6-OHDA-induced PD-like behavioral impairments of mice were significantly improved by ASTX. Pre incubation of SH-SY5Y cellswith ASTX inhibits the 6-OHDA ‑induced apoptosis and necrosis. The impaired viability of 6-OHDA-injured SH-SY5Y cells were significantly restored by ASTX pretreatment.

Our results indicated that ASTX treatment could protect SH-SY5Y cells and dopaminergic neurons of substantianigra from 6-OHDA -Induced Toxicity in a dose-dependent manner.

Research related to the field of psychology is of interest to many scientists in line with organizational productivity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to predict job stress based on organizational climate, emotional intelligence and personality types. Descriptive-correlation research method and the statistical population of this research included all employees working in electricity departments of 22 districts of Greater Tehran in 2018. For this purpose, 13 regions were selected from among the employees of the 22 regions of Greater Tehran by random cluster method, and the total number of employees in these 13 regions was 316, all of whom were selected as samples. To collect data, HSE occupational stress questionnaire (1990), Halpin and Croft's (1963) organizational climate, Siberian Schering's emotional intelligence (1998), and Neo's personality type (2005) were used. Pearson correlation and SPSS-26 software were used for data analysis.  Organizational climate had a direct (β=0.39) and significant effect on job stress (p<0.01). Organizational climate has a significant mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and job stress. Emotional intelligence (β=0.08) has a direct and significant effect on reducing occupational stress (p=0.049). The indirect effect of emotional intelligence through organizational climate on job stress is significant (p<0.05). According to the obtained findings, it can be said that personality types and emotional intelligence have an effect on occupational stress through the mediation of organizational climate.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of metacognitive beliefs, tolerance of ambiguity and psychological flexibility in the diagnosis of high and low resilience (in wives of martyrs of Alborz province). In this research, the statistical population is the wives of the martyrs of Alborz province, the total sample required is 154, and 77 participants were necessary for each group. In this regard, first, 462 participants aged 20 to 60 were included in the study. All participants responded to scales of resilience, metacognition, ambiguity tolerance, and psychological flexibility. In order to monitor the data, 12 subjects were excluded from the analysis due to missing data and 7 subjects due to outliers. Then, the standard Z score of the resilience scale was calculated, and then the participants were divided into two groups according to the Z scores of resilience, and the diagnostic role of the components of metacognition, tolerance of ambiguity and psychological flexibility in distinguishing the two groups of low and high resilience in the test and for this purpose, diagnostic analysis test was used in SPSS-23 software. Conclusion The findings show that the variables of metacognition and ambiguity tolerance can be related to post-traumatic growth in different populations, but these relationships seems are not only direct, but also indirect as resilience.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Pennsylvania Documentary Retraining Program on promotion behaviors in students.

In this experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design of 50 undergraduate students of Kharazmi University in both experimental and control groups, before and after training, to a questionnaire of academic health-promoting behaviors including components of academic vitality and resilience. Academic, academic engagement, academic optimism and dominant goal setting (Salehzadeh, 1396) responded. Through 12 two-hour sessions, retraining program training was conducted in a group manner for the experimental group.

 The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the Pennsylvania Documentary Retraining Program had significant effects on increasing the components of academic resilience, academic optimism and dominance targeting (P≤0.001)., but did not have statistically significant effects on the components of academic vitality and academic engagement (P≥0.001).

In general, the results of the present study show that the Pennsylvania program helps to enrich learners by 1) identifying their individual abilities (individual feelings, attitudes, and beliefs) and 2) enriching skills. Interpersonal communication and 3) Enrichment of problem solving skills (resistance, humor and interaction), is effective in changing the pattern of behavior and promotional behaviors to help ensure the psychological security of learners in educational situations.

Stress plays an important role in understanding the quality and stability of family relationships. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of short-term stress-based treatment training for female teachers in Kashmir.

The research method is a semi-experimental type of pre-test - post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research consists of all women with marital incompatibility who referred to the education and training counseling center of Kashmar city in the first quarter of 2017, which number of 40 women were selected by available and voluntary sampling and divided into two experimental groups (20 people). and control (20 people) were randomly divided. To collect data, Das Ladibond and Ladibon (1995) stress scale was used. After the therapeutic intervention in the experimental group, a post-test was taken from both groups. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.

 The results of covariance analysis showed that solution-oriented family therapy had significant effects on the stress of female teachers (P≥0.001).

It seems that the solution-oriented approach can have an effect on the stress of female teachers; However, in order to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested that more research be done in this direction.

Considering that procrastination will cause many problems, especially in the field of learning, therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of "Evaluating the effectiveness of creativity training and teaching learning strategies on the academic vitality and self-efficacy of procrastinating female students."

The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population included all the second high school female students of Arak city in the academic year of 1998, numbering 13,700 people. Out of this number, 60 students whose academic procrastination score was low were selected by the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental and experimental groups. The first experimental group received the creativity training program based on the Pirkhafi model (2018) and the second experimental group received learning strategies based on the Kerami and Amirtimori model (2012). In this research, procrastination questionnaires (2012) and life questionnaires of Hosseini Chari and Dehghanizadeh (2011) and auto-amadi Jinks and Morgan (1999) were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.

The findings showed that there is a significant difference in the level of vitality and academic self-efficacy between the experimental and control groups in the field of teaching creativity and teaching learning strategies (P<0.001); Also, there is a significant difference between the comparison of the effect of training in favor of creativity training (P<0.001).

It seems that teaching creativity and learning strategies promotes vitality and self-efficacy in procrastinating female students.

Educational justice is one of the most important goals in educational systems around the world. Educational justice can transform education in all areas, providing the ground for the emergence of talents and abilities at the macro level. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the educational justice between professors in medical universities using grounded theory study.

The present study is a grounded theory study that was conducted with the participation of 12 professors of medical universities using purposive sampling in 2020-2021. Sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using in-depth and face-to-face interviews. All interviews were recorded, handwritten and then analyzed line by line, and Microsoft Word 2013 software was used to record the interviews and the extracted codes. Strauss and Corbin 1998 were used to analyze the data.

Participants in the study included six men and six women. Educational justice among students in medical universities included the three main categories of equal educational opportunities, discrimination and the consequences of educational justice. Each class consists of several subcategories. Equal educational opportunities was identified as the central concept of research.

Familiarity with how medical universities deal with the issue of educational justice can be effective in distributing educational justice among professors in different universities and thus provide a basis for motivation and empowerment and innovation of professors at the micro and macro levels.

Cancer chemotherapy is a big challenge due to the adverse effects of anticancer drugs. Therefore, the effort is to use natural products with therapeutic and safe potential to treat all kinds of diseases. This research aims to discover the anticancer potential of the prebiotic Bovicin HC5.The survival rate of Huh-7 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells after treatment with different concentrations of Bovicin HC5 was investigated by MTT assay. Assays of caspase 3, 8, and 9 activities in Huh-7 cancer cells treated with the Bovicin HC5 IC50 concentration were conducted to determine the degree of cell apoptosis. Boyden Chambers were used to assessing Huh-7 cancer cells' invasion ability after being treated with sublethal doses of Bovicin HC5. Using specific primers and the Real-Time PCR method, proapoptotic bax and antiapoptotic bcl-2 expression levels in Huh-7 cells treated with the Bovicin HC5 IC50 concentration were quantified. ANOVA statistical test was used to analyze the data (p<0.05).The results of the MTT test showed that the viability of Huh-7 cells treated with different concentrations of Bovicin HC5 decreased significantly depending on the concentration and treatment time (p<0.001). As a result, a 400 µM concentration and 72-hour duration resulted in the greatest effects. The IC50 concentration of Bovicin HC5 was determined to be 300 µM. The activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 in treated Huh-7 cells increased significantly after 72 hours in a time-dependent manner and compared to the control by about 1.9 times (p<0.01), and 2.36 times (p<0.01) and 2.62 times (p<0.001)