نشریه علوم و تکنولوژی محیط زیست
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 6 (پیاپی 121، شهریور 1401)

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of online customer relationship management tactics on customer's willingness to support green with the mediating role of perceived green risk.

This research is descriptive-correlational in terms of practical purpose, in terms of data collection method and quantitative research. The statistical population of the research was the customers of green household appliances in Lorestan province, and due to the unknown and unlimited size of the population, 384 people were considered as the research sample using Cochran's formula. These people were randomly selected.

The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the reliability of which was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test. For data analysis, the normality test, correlation test and structural equation model were used through Imus and SPS software.

The results of the structural equation model test showed that the online customer relationship management tactic has a negative and significant effect on the customer's perceived green risk and a positive and significant effect on the customer's desire to support green. Also, the perceived risk has a negative and significant effect on the customer's willingness to support green. In this research, the mediating role of perceived green risk in the effect of online customer relationship management tactics on customer willingness to support green was rejected.

Soils and waters are frequently subject to contamination by inorganic elements including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, such as mining, incineration of wastes, drilling of petroleum shaft and agricultural practices (i.e., pesticides and sewage sludge application). Phytoremediation employs the use of plants to degrade, remediate and stabilize various environmental contaminants in soil, water and air. Biochar (BC) can be produced from a wide range of organic wastes via pyrolysis. It has great potential as an amendment for phytoremediation but its effects depend on the type of feedstock it derives from. This study was conducted to identify the effects of biochar addition and phytoremediation on As, Cr, and Pb concentrations in a soils polluted by oil drilling wastes.

The current study was carried out to examine the heavy metal immobilizing effect of biochar produced from sugar cane waste and subsequent heavy metal uptake by Sorghum, Atriplex sp. and prosopis farcta. Sugar cane wastage biochar was incorporated into four application rates (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 % (w/w)) and soil biochar mixtures were examined for an incubation period of 2 months (so that the contaminated material could be distributed evenly in the soil particles). Then pot trials were provided for cultivation of Sorghum, Atriplex sp and Prosopis farcta so that for each plant, a row of 12 pots and a total of 36 pots for the three under-study plants.

The results showed, average of Cr, As and pb concentration   in contaminated soil is 56, 53.4 and 582 ppm. Average of Cr, As and pb concentration   in contaminated soil is Amendment with BC is 30, 21.5 and 224. Average of Cr, As and pb concentration   in contaminated soil is Amendment with Sorghum is 22, 7.2 and 43, Amendment with Atriplex sp is 16, 15.3 and 141, Amendment with prosopis farcta is 18, 19.9 and 192 ppm.

Effective treatment of Cr was prosopis farcta and 1 % (w/w) biochar, Sorghum and 2 % (w/w) biochar for As and pb. Although heavy metal-contaminated soils can be reclaimed effectively by application of biochar, further research is needed to explore its long-term environmental and economic aspect to gain maximum benefits from this novel material

Climate change will change climate variables in the future. In order to reduce the negative effects of climate, it is required to project future climate variables. The purpose of this study is to simulate most realistic daily rainfall and temperature series for Tehran and Yazd, with arid climatic, in period of 2036-2065 with considering uncertainty.

the outputs of the CANESM2 under RCP scenarios were downscaled using LARS-WG. In downscaling, various characteristics of the large-scale scenarios were transferred to the downscaled scenarios. In most of the previous studies, only changes in averages have been considered. The uncertainties of emission scenarios and climatic variabilities were investigated using three emission scenarios and generating 100 series of 30-year variables for each scenario. So, a wide range of probable future scenarios is predicted and more reliable results are obtained.

The results show in the future, for both Tehran and Yazd, temperature will rise in most months of the year, while in some months it will decrease. Average maximum temperature in April will increase between 6.1 to 9.9 ºC in Tehran, and between 7.1 to 8.2 in Yazd, while it will decreases in September by 2.4 degrees in Tehran, and by 0.7 degrees in Yazd. Future annual rainfall will increase between 20% to 40% in Tehran and between 43% to 49% in Yazd. However, changes vary in different months.

Climate regime of both Tehran and Yazd can considerably change in the future. Therefore, adaptation strategies with climate change are necessary.

Estimating the amount of sediment by the river is one of the topics that has been considered by many researchers since the past. Reduction of the dam reservoir capacity because of sediments has different effects on different sections and causes adverse effects on the water rights that were initially agreed upon, which will impose several economic and specific consequences. This study aims to model and estimate the amount of suspended sediment using existing experimental equations and new methods called black box.

The discharge (volumetric flow rate) related to Zayandehrud River in Eskandari station, one of the hydrological measuring stations, has been used to estimate the amount of sediment. For this purpose, water discharge and sediment rate are used as input and output, respectively.

According to the obtained results, it is concluded that the RBF network has better performance due to less error in the test stage, but the MLP network seems to have a better performance considering other parameters and the error in the TRAIN stage.

Finally, after modeling by using neural networks, the Einstein relationship, and the sediment measurement curve, it is inferred that neural networks are more accurate to estimate the amount of sediment.

The indigenous architecture of each region is derived from the facilities provided by the environment. By using new methods, local materials can be processed and used in construction in the same area. The soil of Toutakhaneh village has a high potential for producing bricks and geopolymer mortar. The advantage of geopolymer bricks and mortars is that while they cost less to produce, they do not need to be baked in a high-temperature oven and therefore play an important role in reducing greenhouse gases.

In this study, the mixing design of geopolymer binder production based on Toutakhaneh red soil to produce construction materials such as bricks has been evaluated. For this purpose, raw materials including Toutakhaneh red soil as aluminosilicate, aggregate passing through standard sieve No. 8 as filler, and an alkaline activating solution containing industrial glass water and sodium hydroxide solution with different concentrations were used.

According to the results, the compressive strength and water absorption percentage are very optimal for geopolymer bricks. Therefore, geopolymer bricks produced from Toutakhaneh red soil have the characteristics of low production cost, lower energy consumption, and minimal production of carbon dioxide. Also, the strength of geopolymer bricks is about 362.55% higher than clay bricks. The apparent similarity of geopolymer mortar with ordinary mortar is 83%.  

The results of this study can be used in the field of restoration of worn texture, mortar for concrete structures, renovation, and restoration of historic and worn buildings, etc.

Some heavy metals in the air are very important due to their biomagnification properties, persistence and harmful effects on human health. The main goal of this research is to identify and assess the risk of heavy metals that have carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic potential for the people of Region 21.

District 21 of Tehran was selected as the study area due to its industrial and semi-industrial uses. According to ASTM and EPA standards, 50 air samples were taken from different uses of Region 21 in 2021 using high volume pumps with the help of fiberglass filters. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using ICP-OES. Cancer and non-cancer risk assessments were also calculated using the IRIS integrated information system method.

The average concentration of heavy metals in the decreasing trend is Li <Ti <W <Pb <Sr <Mg <Fe <Zn <Cr <Al, respectively, with aluminum having the highest concentration of 58.87 µg/m3 and lithium with 0.01 µg/m3 has the lowest concentration. In addition, the results of respiratory risk assessment indicate that HQ aluminum with 1/13E+01 has a non-cancer risk and Cr lead with 1/49E-05 has a cancer risk.

Comparing the amount of lead with the US national standard shows that the concentration of lead is not at the appropriate level. The findings of this study can help in formulating appropriate strategies by city managers and prioritizing the control of heavy metals in the air.

Accurate data about runoff in the future in a watershed facilitates managers' decisions in water-related decisions and helps conserve natural resources for sustainable development. The two factors of cost and exact time are directly related to accurate runoff estimation. Using computer models to simulate natural phenomena such as the hydrological cycle is one way to reduce costs and increase accuracy.

The information for this research was obtained through the SWAT model website and global data. This study evaluates the accuracy of different calibration and validation methods in the hydrological simulation of Qarasu watershed, the SWAT (hydrological model) and a comparison between GLUE and PSO methods with the SUFI-2 method were used to calibrate the SWAT model. For simulation, 13 specific parameters were selected in all methods in the same situation. It should be noted that the data required for this research were collected from (SWAT model website) and (Water Resources Management Company).

All three methods were able to simulate runoff with acceptable R2 and NSE results (above 0.7), and the sensitivity analysis showed that Sol_K, CH_N2 and CN2 were more sensitive than other parameters.

Although the SUFI-2, PSO, and GLUE algorithms can reduce the difference between the observed and simulated data, the performance of the SUFI-2 algorithm in runoff simulation is more accurate than other algorithms. Therefore, it is suggested to use this algorithm to predict runoff.

One of the important issues in the tax administration is the lack of acceptable performance and defined goals for notification policies. The purpose of this research is Assessing of Green Tax Sustainability Based on Obstacles to Implementing the Tax Administration's Notification Policy.

This research is developmental in terms of methodology and is combined in terms of data collection type. In this study, in the qualitative part, based on meta-analysis processes, an attempt was made to first identify researches related to the two concepts of barriers to the Implementing the Tax Administration's Notification Policy and the consequences of green tax sustainability, and then to determine the components and themes of the research based on critical evaluation scale. Also in the qualitative part, Delphi analysis was used to determine the extent of theoretical consensus. In a Quantitative part, were used intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs).

The results showed that structural barrier is considered as the most effective theme of barriers to the implementation of notification policies which can interfere with the sustainability of the consequences of green tax sustainability.

The result shows that the obstacles to the implementation of the notification policies of the Tax Administration neutralize environmental pollution as the most important consequence of green tax sustainability, and this issue makes the consequences of green tax sustainability practically not have the necessary impact on the economy.

In Academic literature has recently emphasized that why urban resilience is different from urban sustainability. Urban policymakers, on the other hand, use the terms almost interchangeably. In this study by analyzing the pattern of physical-spatial resilience; Factors affecting environmental hazards such as earthquakes, subsidence, etc. are studied in areas 2 and 12 of Tehran.

This study is an applied research that has been done with case-analysis method and quantitative approach. Due to the nature of the data is descriptive. To achieve the objectives of research and analysis of physical-spatial resilience pattern affected by environmental hazards in Tehran metropolis including subsidence and earthquake, the dimensions studied in 13 indicators including base price (square meters), material, construction year, building age, building skeleton, number of floors , Degree of concentration or dispersion of residential land use, grain size, permeability, total area of ​​uses (green and open space) and area of ​​residential land use in spatial and physical part) and (degree of concentration or dispersion of population, residential clusters and open and green spaces for population based The majority of residents in the neighborhoods were extracted for the geographical direction of population distribution in the social sector (based on land use studies of the current situation). To evaluate and analyze spatial and social patterns, the colonial competition algorithm in Matlab a2019 software environment and to spatialize the studied indicators, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) in the network analysis process (Network Analyst Tools) in ArcGIS software environment has been used.

Due to the location of District 12 in the historical context and the concentration and density of the population in the focal axes with regional performance, it shows more vulnerability. In relation to the criteria of population density, granulation as well as the skeletal condition of buildings; Overall, Zone 2 shows a better situation. Although the population density in both zones is the same despite the larger population and size of Zone 2, it shows lower resilience due to the flood of floating population visiting and living in Zone 12.

Due to the erosion of buildings and low space permeability, the pattern of spatial distribution of the population and the factors affecting the physical-spatial ruptures in Zones 2 and 12, the results show that the pattern of distribution and fracture rupture in neighborhoods are different in Zone 12. Indicates a more unstable situation.

One of the promising tools for evaluating heavy metals bioavailability in the environment is the knowledge of their partitioning among the various soil constituents. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the changes of chemical forms of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) under the influence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria in the soil.

Phosphorus (KH2PO4), Cd(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 simultaneously were introduced into the soil to promote the contamination and formation of phosphate minerals of added metals in two selected soils. After two months the soils were inoculated with two Enterobacter species and incubated for 3 months. A single (DTPA) and sequential extraction scheme were applied to determine the chemical forms of Cd and Pb 5, 25, 60 and 90 days after incubation.

The results revealed that DTPA extractable Cd and Pb were decreased in the presence of the phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Soluble+ exchangeable Cd fraction was decreased whereas, the fractions associated with organic matter and oxides were increased in inoculated soils during the incubation time. In the other hand Soluble+ exchangeable and carbonate fractions of Pb were increased and organic matter and oxides associated Pb fractions were decreased in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria. Carbonate and oxides associated are the abundant Cd and Pb fractions in studied soil.

Although the Cd and Pb chemical fractions were affected in the presence of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, but two metals contradictory were differ in behavior in the studied soils. Indeed, the destination of added metals in the soil in the presence of microbes may be different.