نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 68 (پاییز 1401)

Urban resilience is a term used to measure a city's ability to recover from a hazard. Urban resilience can be studied from different dimensions. In the meantime, paying attention to the spatial structure of the city is very important. Because in the definition of the city, in addition to the body of the city, the relations of the people of the society must also be considered. Therefore, in times of crisis caused by natural hazards, the issue of resilience of the city structure is very important. This article, while expressing urban resilience, examines this issue in the structure of Shiraz city and evaluates the resilience of this metropolis against earthquake risk. This research’s goal, in the first step is identify key drivers effective on sustainable development in Shiraz and the influence these propellers on each other and in the second step is achieving favorable scenarios for sustainable urban development in Shiraz in the future.  This research, in terms of purpose, is a practical and in terms of nature and method is analytical and exploratory that is done based on new methods of future science research, which determines key indicators through the Delphi method and identify key drivers using the MicMac Software based on cross-impact analysis method and Optimal scenarios are presented using the Scenario Wizard Software.  The results indicate that in the case of the selected scenario (active scenario, scenario appropriate to the structure of resilience), drivers such as the Quality of roads and access, urban infrastructure, relief access, urban shelters for temporary housing, building density, urban open space and urban fabric should be considered in line with the structural resilience approach of spatial development of Shiraz metropolis.

The aim of the current research is to explain the relationship between the organizational structure and the level of implementation of the cultural policies of the municipalities of Kerman province in order to promote Islamic culture in order to provide a desirable model. The method of the current research is fundamental-applicative in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is mixed type (quantitative and qualitative), and in terms of the nature of the research, it is descriptive-survey. The method of collecting information in this research was a combination of library, fuzzy Delphi and field studies, and the means of collecting information were the review of documents and organizational structure questionnaire, the implementation of cultural policies, and the promotion of Islamic culture. Also, in order to confirm the identified factors, fuzzy Delphi method has been used. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part included 20 professors and specialists in management and the field of decision-making and policy-making and experts of the municipality of Kerman province active in the field of cultural policy-making and Islamic culture, who were selected by purposeful sampling and implemented in the quantitative part. The model includes all the experts and managers of the municipalities of Kerman province in the number of 1553 people, and since the structural equation modeling approach has been used in this research, finally 398 people were used as the basis for statistical analysis. Also, the sample size was selected using stratified sampling method. have became. In this research, SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The findings of the research, while confirming the proposed model of the research, show that the effect of the organizational structure variable on the implementation of cultural policies and the effect of the organizational structure variable on the promotion of Islamic culture is significant at the 5% level, and the positive path coefficients show that these structures have an incremental (direct) effect on have had each other Also, the results show an incremental (direct) relationship between the implementation of cultural policies and the promotion of Islamic culture. The amount of direct influence of the organizational structure on the promotion of Islamic culture was (0.470) and the amount of indirect influence through the implementation of cultural policies was equal to (0.411). Also, the results show that the organizational structure, in addition to the direct effect, indirectly affects the promotion of Islamic culture through the implementation of cultural policies.

After the occurrence of natural crises such as earthquakes, the continuation of small urban and rural businesses and its positive effect on the economic rehabilitation and livelihood of local people deserve special attention. However, most rehabilitation resources are allocated to housing and small business recovery is neglected. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of conceptualizing the local process model for the recovery of urban and rural small businesses. The current research is in terms of applied purpose, in terms of the nature of qualitative data and in terms of method, content analysis. The studied community was formed by key informants and business experts. In order to collect the required data, a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with 29 key informants using the theoretical sampling method and with the benefit of judgment and snowball techniques. The sample size depended on the theoretical saturation of the data. In order to measure the validity of the research, triangulation methods, member control method and review by experts were used. Based on the research findings from the coding stages, 76 primary codes, 31 concepts and 3 categories were extracted from the text of the interviews. In addition, the results of data content analysis indicate that the model of small business regeneration process consists of three stages of pre-crisis, during-crisis and post-crisis strategies. It seems that taking preventive measures before the crisis and taking appropriate decisions during and after the crisis can have a significant effect on the business regeneration process and other dimensions of reconstruction such as physical, social and psychological recovery. The results of this research can be used by policy makers, administrators and business owners.

One of the effective factors in rural development is the development of tourism; because the development of tourism can play an effective role in improving the economic situation of villages by creating new employment and income opportunities. Tourism, as one of the industries, is one of the sectors with very high economic growth in the world, especially in developing countries. Tourism is one of the special strategies of rural development to bring foreign currency and create jobs and support all-round growth. It is considered as a basic strategy because of the significant effects that tourism activities have on the economy of regions that receive tourists. Especially community-oriented tourism, which is referred to as CBT, this type of tourism is based on a participatory approach, community-oriented tourism facilitates the active participation of the community in tourism planning, increases mutual relations between tourists and the community, and the heritage preserves the cultural and natural environment of the region. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of community-oriented tourism in the development of coastal villages in Tangestan city from the perspective of the local community.

The research method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its type is survey. Residents of the coastal villages of Tangestan constitute the statistics of this research. The statistical sample of this research was determined by Cochran's formula to the number of 400 people. The results of the research show that the tourism community plays a role in the economic, social, cultural and environmental development of the coastal villages of Tangestan.

One of the signs of improving and excelling the ability of urban management is the increase of stable incomes and, accordingly, the decrease of unstable incomes of the municipality. One of the indicators that show the financial power of municipalities is financial per capita, which means the ratio of the municipal budget to the city's population. In this article, the provincial centers and major cities of the country's provinces were examined and analyzed in terms of this index. Data collection was done based on library and survey method. The budget data of the municipalities of the capital of the provinces and the big cities of each province were collected in the current year (2022). In the survey section, expert experts were interviewed. The sampling method used to find the characteristics of cities is snowball type or chain reference sampling. 30 items were introduced and discussed by urban elites and experts as influencing factors in increasing the financial per capita of cities. Among the mentioned items, 14 items were chosen by elites and experts as having a great impact on the financial per capita of cities and with the ability to access accurate data. In the next step, by re-examining 14 items by experts and elites, using the Likert method, the extent of their impact on the financial per capita of the cities was introduced and discussed. The eight indicators: population, tourism, industrial and mining, close to the centers of provinces/Tehran, in the way of traffic, religious and public participation were chosen as the most effective indicators in increasing the financial per capita of the cities. Finally, for each of the provincial centers and big cities of the country's provinces, 8 indicators were determined by experts and urban elites using a Likert test. The results of the surveys show that the financial per capita of the cities of the country has a direct relationship with the population of that city, but the suitability of this index is not the same for all cities, and with the increase in the population of the cities, their financial per capita also generally increases. Of course, there are exceptions, such as the city of Tehran, where the urban financial per capita has not increased in proportion to the increase in population. In the end, by examining various proposed solutions, to improve the position of municipalities and their sustainable incomes, a comprehensive solution centered on increasing the range of duties and powers of municipalities has been proposed.

Hand-selling is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon that exists in most societies in various forms from the past to the present. This is also increasing in Iranian cities for many reasons in recent decades, such as poverty and unemployment, which is facing many problems. Disorder of urban spaces, roadblock, livelihood and needs of peddlers, legal vacuum in removing the roadblock regardless of its consequences are the most important issues. This research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of the type of research and its method is's method. In the present study, at first, the term peddling and citizenship rights are presented in various books and sources, and in the second part, the relevant laws regarding peddling and the requirements for organizing peddling with emphasis on citizenship rights are presented. The results of the research indicate that the phenomenon of peddling is a multidimensional concept that includes different laws and in this regard there are no coherent and independent laws and the existing laws are not in the same direction and this issue causes suspicion and suspicion among the audience of This is to determine which legal provisions to refer to in relation to peddling. Different legal provisions on peddling have caused different organizations to have different interpretations in this field, depending on their field and interests, and sometimes even lead to the disregard of citizenship rights, which must be respected. While the results of field research are different from this issue and relying on the statements of peddlers in Tabriz Tarbiat Bazaar, it can be said that issues such as justice, personal freedom, labor rights and employment and in a general view civil rights are not observed. Be. Developing an independent, coherent and separate law for the phenomenon of peddling can help to organize peddlers.

The protection of the environment depends on the members of the society and their perception and attitude affects their behavior towards the environment. Today, the deterioration of the environmental crisis is to the extent that it has endangered the life of humans and other creatures on the planet. So that the explanation and analysis of the philosophical foundations and environmental ethics are considered essential for the protection and exploitation of the environment. The current research has been conducted with the aim of looking at the cultural and ethical foundations of the environment in order to design the integrated educational content of the elementary school course (the heavenly gift books) and provide the ideal model in the distance education system. This research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose, and in terms of descriptive research method (based on a survey approach). The statistical population of the research included all the elementary school teachers in Tehran in the academic year 92-93, according to the size of 19,950 people in the research population and using Cochran's formula, 377 of them as a sample, from 19 districts of Tehran and with They were selected using the cluster sampling method. The tool of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of the form and content of the questionnaire was confirmed by using the opinions of environmental and education experts, and the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated based on the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics (prevalence and percentage, net percentage, etc.) and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test) through SPSS software. The results of the research statistically indicated that between the cultural norms and the provision of environmental education and the provision of environmental cultural models in the content of textbooks (Heavenly Gift) and the promotion of environmental literacy and the conformity of the environmental content of primary school books (Heavenly Gift) with the blessed Quranic verses of Naqsh Adian. Before Islam (first Prophets) there is a positive and meaningful relationship in environmental protection and this shows the acceptability of the assumptions; therefore, considering that the religion of Islam covers all aspects of human life, the values derived from the religion should also be reflected in textbooks in a balanced manner.

Increasing the productivity of organizations and their ever-increasing development requires the growth and productivity of employees as well as strengthening their motivation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to present a transformation-oriented human resource management model, and in order to achieve this goal, the qualitative method of Grounded Theory (GT), Strauss and Corbin's approach was used. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used, and to reach the participants, targeted sampling with a snowball approach was used. The statistical population of this research includes 142 experts, human resource managers of Isfahan municipality To achieve the concepts, categories and classes, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed based on open, central and selective coding and were organized with the help of Maxqda18 software. The theoretical sampling process continued until no new features emerged and no new concepts were created during data collection, and finally theoretical saturation was achieved with 25 researcher interviews. Causal conditions include program causes, process causes, managerial causes and the existence of expert staff, intervening conditions including intra-individual factors and capacity for change, contextual conditions including political changes, legal transparency and organizational culture, strategies including comprehensive planning, Effective leadership. Improvement of processes, knowledge management and structural transformation and the resulting consequences including organizational Efficiency and social capital improvement were obtained.