نشریه مدیریت ورزشی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 59، زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this research was to design a model of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) tools for wrestling of Iran.

The statistical population of the qualitative part included 14 wrestling experts, who were selected by snowball method and at the limit of theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population included 160 officials, athletes and coaches, sports experts and members of the media in the field of wrestling. Convenience sampling was used. The factors extracted from the combination of library sources and interviews with experts included 38 components. Construct validity was done by confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and verified using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. To analyze the data confirmatory factor analysis was used.

According to the research findings, a model with 5 dimensions consisting of 38 items was designed, among which the highest factor loads were in order of priority, advertising tools (0.72), public relations tools (0.71), sales promotion tools (0.67) are direct marketing tools (0.59) and personal sales tools (0.56).

Therefore, the results of this study present a comprehensive and comprehensive model that as a comprehensive framework to improve advertising with the model of integrated marketing communication tools (IMC) in the sport of wrestling puts Iran in front of sport and wrestling managers who can be up to a high percentage. It promotes wrestling, attracts spectators, attracts the support of sponsors, and ultimately increases revenue.

Introduction :

The purpose of this study was to design a talent management model for sports of Iran.

The research method was a descriptive survey and the statistical population consisted of sport managers, academics, coaches and athletes that 112 individuals were selected as sample. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the validity of the research tool was first evaluated by experts and continued in the research in PLS software. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov Smirnov, Chi-square and Structural equation modeling method in SMART PLS (3.2.8) software.

The result showed that in the final model, the effective factors can be examined in four layers and three stages of talent discovery and identification, selection and development. Layers include the indicators of talent, management and structure in sport, stakeholders and macro environment. In the management and structure, the four dimensions: requirements, resources, opportunities, and goals were identified in three stages. In the stakeholder layer and the macro environment at the stage of discovery the influence of 14 stakeholders and 7 environmental components, in the selection stage the impact of 5 stakeholders and 1 environmental component and in the development stage the influence of 12 stakeholders and 15 environmental components were identified.

Therefore, according to final model, it can be stated that talent management in sport should be considered in a holistic and ecological context.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the affecting factors on purchasing behavior of consumers of sports products through social media.

The research method included two parts of quantitative and qualitative approachs. In the quantitative part, the required data were collected through semi-structured interviews from 48 sport teachers and experts. In the qualtative part, by designing a researcher made questionnaire and after confirming its validity and reliability, the physical education students (349 people) who share sports products in social media were asked to complete. The data were analyzed using Delphi method, SPSS version 16 and AMOS softwares.

The results showed that social networks affect technical and socio-cultural variables. Also, different aspects of behavioral aspects affect technical and cultural variables also social networks.

According to the findings, social media have significant effects on various aspects of consumer behavior and play key roles in marketing and brand loyalty, and it is suggested that managers of organizations use this way as an important part of their marketing.

Selling goods attributed to the clubs is one of the ways in which sports organizations increase their income. So, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the sale of commercial goods on Iranian Premier League clubs.

The research method was qualitative (grounded theory). The data collection tool was through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. After conducting 13 interviews with football experts, the codes reached theoretical saturation. Data were analyzed simultaneously using the Systematic approach.

By performing a three-step coding process (open, axial and selective), 261 non-duplicate initial codes were obtained, which were classified into 67 concepts and 25 categories. The results showed that the sale of club commercial goods in Iranian Football Premier League will enable the clubs to earn more income and boost their economic activities. Paying attention to information and human resources along with the elements related to marketing and real needs assessment are research strategies in selling commercial goods.

The research results can provide useful information for football managers at the micro, meso and macro levels to use the various capacities of the clubs and increase their revenue. The Football Federation is advised to consider the sale of commercial goods as one of the evaluation criteria in order to encourage football clubs.

Because sports coaches are one of the important elements in the business field of the sports industry, the main purpose of this study was to solve the challenges of sports coaches confronting the Covid-19 pandemic.

The governing paradigm of the present study was interpretive-constructive; its nature was basic exploratory research; the governing approach was inductive; the research method was qualitative; the strategy used was data theory research; the main purpose was explanation and modeling and data collection tools were interviews. The findings of this study have been extracted using the grounded theory method. Twelve coaches of sports clubs were selected by purposive sampling based on the snowball method and underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews. The collected data sets were organized in the form of 286 initial codes, 67 concepts and 25 categories after the process of continuous comparison of data and open, axial and selective coding.

The findings showed that the central factor was the challenges of sports coaches when faced with the Covid-19 pandemic. Causal conditions had two categories of coherence in policy and implementation, and job concerns.  The strategies in question included six categories (strengthening solidarity, like-mindedness.). Promoting people's knowledge, providing a cultural context, attention and promoting motivational issues were also identified as three categories in the context. Interventional conditions do not justify many customers, change attitudes, demands and expectations of customers which ultimately leads to positive and negative consequences.

Providing insurance, loans and bank facilities free of charge or with low interest rate and with a few months or even years break (favourable payback period) can be helpful for sports coaches.

In order to benefit and optimize the performance of players, one of the strategies of managers is to use effective diversity management, so the main purpose of this study was to provide a multi-level model of effective diversity management in Iranian Football Premier League clubs.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, it is a sequential mix. The statistical population included researches available in reputable scientific databases in the field of diversity management as well as professors, managers, coaches and players. The sampling method was purposeful and the identification of factors was done by meta-combination method and determining the relationships between them with the help of interpretive structural modeling.

The results showed that effective diversity management is classified into 4 levels: individual, team, club and social. This model includes 8 types of outcomes at the individual level including efficiency and effectiveness, growth and development, welfare and well-being, lack of identity concern, commitment and responsibility, higher self-efficacy, increased motivation, effort, satisfaction and loyalty. At the club level, it also includes four factors: communication and coordination, fair behavior, integration of differences and team cohesion, and participation in tactical decision-making. At the club level, it has referred to the policies and processes of club management, and at the social level, it has identified factors such as legislation, socio-economic status and culture.

Football clubs in Iran should focus more on the principles of diversity management at different individual, team, club and social levels

Today, the importance of physical activity for women's health in various dimensions has become more apparent, but in different countries, there are many different challenges for the continuous physical activity of women at different stages of life. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify, categorize and investigate the impact of Iranian women's physical activity challenges in different stages of life.

The research method was Grounded Theory, systematic approach. Sampling was theoretical. Data analysis was performed through continuous "questioning" and "comparison". In order to achieve saturation while reviewing specialized texts, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 136 Iranian women aged 7-78 who regularly participated in physical activities in addition to 17 mothers and 6 fathers.

The findings showed that managerial-economic problems in the secondary childhood, socio-cultural and managerial-economic problems in the adolescence, socio-cultural problems in the youth, the least problems in the middle age, and personal problems in the aging have the most negative impact on physical activity of Iranian women.

Many challenges have caused the physical activity of Iranian women to fluctuate sharply at different stages of life but the most important decline in Iranian women's physical activity occurs at the beginning of adolescence. According to the research findings, the researchers and sports managers who are responsible for studying and planing in order to develop physical activity of Iranian women should pay special attention to the challenges in each stage of their lives.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational support and psychological capital on the ability of employees to work in sports and youth departments in the west of Iran.

This research was descriptive-correlational and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of sports and youth departments in the western provinces of the country. Data were collected from available sampling; The sample size was 350 based on Morgan table. To collect the data, the standard questionnaire of work ability (Tommy et al., 1991), perceived organizational support of Eisenberger et al. (1986) and Lutans psychological capital (2007) were used. Structural equation modeling method was applied using Smart PLS software version 2.

The results showed that organizational support has a positive and significant effect on psychological capital (0.843), health promotion (0.112) and disease prevention (0.153). Also, psychological capital has a positive effect on health promotion (0.753). And disease prevention (0.773) has a positive and significant effect.

Managers of the General Directorate of Youth Sports in the west of the country are advised to take measures to increase the sense of organizational support to employees and also to improve the psychological capital of employees to increase and improve the ability of employees under their management.

This study aimed to investigate the role of urban management and cultural adoption of public cycling on sustainable urban development.

The research method was correlation by applying structural equation model approach. The statistical population of the research included Tehran's citizens who were the members of the BDOOD system (N=215/409).  Finally, 319 people were selected as the sample using cluster-random sampling.  These participants were studied in a period of 12 months. To collect data, three questionnaires were used.  The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the related experts using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Also, the reliability was obtained above 0.7 using Cronbach's alpha for all three questionnaires. To analysis data, descriptive statistics were used for data classification, and in inferential statistics, Pearson correlation tests were used in SPSS software and structural equation modeling was utilized in AMOS software.

Based on the results, it was found that urban management had a significant positive effect on sustainable development and acculturation of citizens and acculturation on sustainable urban development. It was also observed that citizens' acculturation plays a mediating role in the relationship between urban management and sustainable urban development.

The results emphasize the need to strengthen indicators such as infrastructure, facilities, aesthetics, culture, security, sociability and geographical differentiation in the future policies of citizens' using bicycles in order to achieve the goals of sustainable urban development, especially sustainable environment and urban health

Enjoying the benefits of physical activity requires an active lifestyle and a continuous participation in a variety of physical activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors of institutionalizing leisure-time physical activity which was based on institutionalization theory.

This qualitative research method was in exploratory type and in the terms of purpose was functional which was conducted in the field format. Participants in the present study (16 people) were people who had continuous physical activity for at least 5 years (three sessions per week) and this behavior was institutionalized in them. These participants were selected through purposive sampling and snowball method to reach the theoretical saturation point. The data collection tool was the semi-structured interview and then a coding method was used to analyze the data of the interviews.

The results of the research led to the discovery of 21 factors, including gaining internal and external rewards and satisfying the sense of competition in the habituation phase, promoting physical activity and its results for others, and forming and leading sports groups in the objectification phase and gaining social popularity and role models. Others were in the process of depositing the process of institutionalization of physical activity in leisure time.

By recognizing, planning and creating mechanisms for the operation of these factors, as well as adopting strategies for experiencing these situations by members of society, the process of institutionalization of physical activity in leisure time can be facilitated for individuals and ultimately for a society as a whole and a healthy and active community would be witnessed.

The purpose of the current research was developing comprehensive management system for holding sporting events for veterans and the disabled athletes based on the S7 approach.

The research was carried out by a mixed exploratory method. In the qualitative phase, 15 knowledgeable experts were included as the population for judgmental sampling method and in the quantitative phase, 113 athletes, referees, coaches and executives of the sitting volleyball Super League competitions participated as statistical population for the purposeful sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire extracted from the quality phase of the research. After ensuring the desired reliability, the structural equation method with PLS-2 software was used to ensure the good fit of the research model and 2020 version of Maxqda software for the extracting selective codes.

The study of research model fit based on Forner and Larker triple indexes confirmed that the research model had a good fit. Also, among all constructs, logistic management system and human resource management system had the highest factor load.

Therefore, the comprehensive and good implementation of sporting events management for veterans and the disabled includes seven modules such as competition management system, marketing management system, information and communication management system, logistic management system, human resource management system, risk management system and budget management system.

Talent management is a broad concept in the field of discovering, developing and achieving talent, and talent search is a part of this process and more clearly in the early parts of this process. The purpose of this study was to design a talent management model in Iranian karate with a combined design approach. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 12 karate experts and university professors and professors proficient in talent identification by snowball sampling method. The statistical population of this research included all athletes, provincial board managers, federation managers, talent scouts, referees and karate coaches, whose number is 500 people. The statistical sample was 217 people according to Morgan table and random sampling was considered available. The results showed that the corresponding T value of each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the talent management model in Iranian karate was approved. Also, retention factors with an effect of 0.86 is the most important factor in the framework of the talent management model in Iranian karate. Therefore, due to the need to find talent in sports, especially karate, karate managers and staff are advised to pay attention to each of the identified factors in finding talent in karate.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of strategic thinking on innovation and organizational change with the mediating role of strategic intelligence. 

The statistical population of the present study included all employees of sports and youth departments of South Khorasan province with 287 people. Data were collected using four standard questionnaires: Goldman (2005) Strategic Thinking, Wong and Ahmed (2004) Organizational Innovation, Mill (2003) Organizational Change, and Maccobi (2007). The reliability of these questionnaires in this study was estimated to be 0.85, 0.94, 0.84 and 0.90, respectively. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling was performed with LISREL software. 

The results showed that the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational innovation through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant and on organizational change through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant. In addition, the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational innovation through strategic intelligence was positive and significant, and the effect of total strategic thinking on organizational change through strategic intelligence is positive and insignificant. 

In a general conclusion, it should be said that strategic thinking calls managers to learn quickly from the business environment and use creativity to create new values. Therefore, this way of thinking has different perspectives from competitors

The success of any organization depends on the proper allocation and use of tools, equipment, financial resources, raw materials and human resources of that organization. Among the factors of production, manpower is undoubtedly the most basic one.

The present study was conducted with the general aim of designing a model of competence and professional competence of Taekwondo referees. The present research method is mixed. The statistical population included international referees, federation managers and professional athletes. In the qualitative part, the sampling was performed by purposive method and snowball technique and in the quantitative part, the sample size was obtained using Morgan table and sampling was done by stratified random method. The research measurement tools were interviews and questionnaires. The results of the interviews were used to construct a questionnaire.

In order to identify and explain causal, contextual and intervening factors; identify the dimensions of the axial phenomenon; explain effective strategies and identify the consequences of Taekwondo  referees' professional competence and finally designing a Taekwondo  referees' professional competency model, the data theory of the foundation was used and the research model was designed using SMART PLS software and MAXQDA software to follow this model.

Managers and other stakeholders of the Islamic Republic Taekwondo Federation of Iran and its affiliated delegations can provide special attention to the categories and indicators expressed in the model, fields and contexts for improving the qualifications of referees in this field.

The purpose of this study is to identify the developmental characteristics of the ethical behaviors of the Yar organization in the country's sports. This research has a qualitative approach and the method of fundamental data theory has been used as a research method. Data collection methods are the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open interviews with 16 prominent professors in the field of sports management who specialize in the field of ethical behavior. The sampling method continued purposefully by standard and to the extent of theoretical saturation. The validity of this study was evaluated and confirmed by the interviewees and then the expert professors. Reliability was also achieved by using the process audit study method of the results of 70.3%. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method has been used during three stages of open, central and selective coding. The research results showed that the strategic factor of the model is to create a charter of ethical behaviors to improve the development indicators of ethical behaviors of Yar organization in the country's sports. An organization was considered. Consequences whose manifestation means the emergence of the phenomenon of improving the indicators of development of the ethical behaviors of Yar Organization in the country's sports.

The aim of this study was to present the pathology model of strategic management of Iranian gymnastics.

The method of this research was qualitative and grounded theory based on a systematic approach. The statistical population of this study consisted of gymnastics experts, 28 of whom were selected based on theoretical saturation and purposefully sampling. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. To check the face and content validity, the findings were presented to the interviewer and after studying the theory, their opinions was applied. The method of reliability assessment was the retest method. The average rate of internal agreement was 0.83. To analyze data, three main stages of open, axial and selective coding were used.

The results showed the categories of causal conditions (management and planning weakness, information, multiple tastes), contextual conditions (lack of succession system, structural and cultural issues, financial and facilities weakness), Intervening conditions (behavioral issues, negative policy-making, political conflicts), actions and strategies (participative management, talent management, plans monitoring, education, service compensation) and consequences (achievement of goals, gymnastic development, increase of organizational empathy).

Based on the results, it’s inferred that the growth, development and maturity of gymnastics is a dependent on strategic management, so paying attention to the drivers and inputs of this process in explaining the effectiveness of strategic gymnastics programs can be effective.

The purpose of this study was to identify organizational syndromes in sports boards in Lorestan province.

The research method was using mixed exploratory designs which is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the quantitative method, the statistical population included all the employees of the sports boards of the Lorestan Province Youth and Sports Department, from which 332 people were randomly selected as a statistical sample. The research tool in the qualitative method included in-depth interviews that were conducted with the foundation data approach. In the quantitative method, the research tool was a questionnaire taken from an interview, the content validity of which was confirmed by asking for opinions from professors and elites familiar with the research field (11 people). Also, descriptive statistics methods and inferential statistics methods (second-order confirmatory factor analysis) in SPSS and Smart PLS software were used to analyze the data.

Findings showed that the most important organizational syndromes in sports delegations include decision syndrome (0.83), discrimination and work politicization (0.725), inertia syndrome (0.886), Paris syndrome (0.621), Self-knowledge syndrome (0.654), Silence syndrome (0.820), Structural dominance syndrome (0.672), Terrorism syndrome (0.672) and change and promotion syndrome (0.691).

Identifying organizational syndromes is one of the most important tasks of the senior managers of any organization in order to reach the desired situation and prevent possible harm from it, because prevention is always better than cure.

The purpose of this study was to design a human resource development model in sports organizations with an entrepreneurial approach using grounded theory in Lorestan province. Considering philosophical underpinnings of research in interpretive paradigm, in terms of the purpose, the study was part of an exploratory research.

The method of work was qualitative in which grounded theory research strategy with a systematic approach was used. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and then open, axial and selective coding was performed. The statistical population of the study was the managers of sports organizations in Lorestan province. Due to the theoretical saturation of the data, the participants of the study included 20 senior managers of sports organizations in Lorestan province.

The findings showed that causal conditions consisted of  the attitude and responsibility of sports organizations to entrepreneurship, central conditions included having entrepreneurial resource management and individual and organizational strategies, intervening conditions was composed of administrative and managerial system, contextual conditions comprised of entrepreneurship development and finding incentives for it and finally, consequences were individual and organizational development (job performance, job satisfaction and job quality).

Considering the increasing importance of human resources as an important factor in the transformation of organizations in the era of competition, the continuous development and improvement of human resources and their cultivation seems inevitable. Managers of sports organizations should plan for human resource training and pay special attention to entrepreneurial skills.

In the current era and in the light of the communication revolution, there have been changes in the concept of power that the design of Smart Power indicates such a change, so researchers believe that by identifying the components of Smart Power in sport, the traditional and purely soft prospective of sport can be changed and finally they aim to rank the obtained components. The study paradigm is pragmatism and its approach is a combination that in the first stage is qualitative and exploratory and the second stage is descriptive-survey. Using purposive sampling method in the first stage, 15 participants including sports management and political science experts were interviewed and the collected data were analyzed with MAXQAD 2020 software. Results in the exploratory phase revealed 6 main components including Events, Deprivation, Economic, Human, Ideological, and Scientific. In the second phase, to rank the identified factors, the questionnaires were distributed among 18 experts in both sports management and political science fully acquainted with the subject and then the results were analyzed in the AHP software showing that the results of the ranking in order of weight are Events, Deprivation, Economic, Human, Ideological, and Scientific. Consequently, it turned out that in addition to the purely soft and beautiful scenes in sports, history has also witnessed tough saber-rattling in the smart power perspective.

The present study was conducted with the aim of designing and compiling a social responsibility charter for sports organizations in the Islamic Republic of Iran with a combined approach.

In terms of applied purpose, the present study was a research method mixed with a sequential exploratory type and a survey collection method. The statistical population in the qualitative part included professors and selected managers of sports organizations (18 people) and in the quantitative part included professors of managers of sports organizations (110 people). To collect information in a quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part was used, which was divided into two general parts: demographic characteristics and its questions. This questionnaire consists of 30 items and in the form of 8 main components in the form of five Likert options (strongly agree, 5 points to strongly disagree, 1 point) were used. To analyze the findings, the method of structural equations using Smart-PLS software was applied.Results The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that 30 concept codes, 8 categories (core code) economic, legal, voluntary, ethical, environmental, Education, personal and social health and energy consumption management are the components of social responsibility of sports organizations.

Finally, the Charter of Social Responsibility of sports organizations was designed. It is suggested to the sports organizations of the country to use the charter of social responsibility of the current research in order to develop the social responsibility of their organization