نشریه مطالعات دفاع مقدس
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 31، پاییز 1401)

Today, dealing with the issue of order and security in various fields and territories is considered one of the most controversial political and strategic issues. The factors, ideals and elements involved in order and security are also of special importance. Due to the rapid developments of these areas, like other areas, new and fresh discussions are being raised one after another. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the issue of order and security has special features on the one hand and on the other hand, it has raised different points of view. In the meantime, some phenomena such as Basij have also brought special roles and functions to the platform in these fields. In this article, in a descriptive way and with the approach of document and library collection, the role of Basij in national order in the military-security, political, socio-cultural and economic fields, as well as the functions of Basij in the field of internal security at two levels; That is, we provide hardware and software functions. Basij, with its cultural and social abilities and the wide range of ranks covered, and especially its flexibility and speed of action, at the same time as being low cost, in a situation where the Islamic Republic of Iran is facing limitations to increase the level of authority and national security in order to deal with different types of threats and unrest. plays a vital role in providing and maintaining national order and internal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

With Iraq’s military attack to Iran, the newly founded system of the Islamic Republic of Iran was faced with a great political-security threat. Imam Khomeini, as the leader of the Islamic revolution, had taken many measures and strategies into consideration which can be referred to as the defensive management of Imam Khomeini. This research seeks to assess and analyze the philosophy and the nature of the sacred defense from the point of view of Imam Khomeini and it is based on the book, Sahife-ye Imam. The text of the book is analyzed through the mixed research methodology and through the use of both induction and deduction. Results show that three concepts had the most occurrence; the war of belief and the war of Islam and Heresy, Reviving the Islamic and religious values, fighting against the arrogance of the powers of the west. Khomeini also mentions three concepts to legitimize the war and the sacred defense including; Explaining the philosophy of war and defense from a religious and belief centered perspective,Explaining the philosophy of war from a nationalistic and universalistic perspective, Explaining the philosophy of war from a people oriented and government oriented perspective. Seeing that the satisfaction of God must have been the bed rock of Imam’s intellectual and faith system, then the first concept, Explaining the philosophy of war and defense from a religious and belief centered perspective, is considered the most important approach and the numerous occurrence of the concept in the text is an evidence for this.

Management and command are necessary for any collective movement. Among the successful commanders and managers is Martyr Ahmad Kazemi. This qualitative research explains the command and management model of Martyr Ahmad Kazemi through the data method of textual foundation and content analysis and seeks to provide a suitable leadership model for managers and commanders. By reviewing books, interviews, speeches of Martyr Ahmad Kazemi, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were performed and the central phenomenon of the article was examined in several layers including contexts, dimensions, obstacles, solutions, consequences and perspectives. The results of the research indicate that among the created fields are the basic factors (defending Islam and Shiite teachings and gaining divine consent), field factors (obedience to the Imam, following the leadership and adhering to thought and thinking). Imam and responsible), personal and behavioral dimension, spiritual and value dimension, command and management dimension, military dimension and among the successful factors of this great commander, knowing different tactics and strategies in different fields, stubborn and brave and combative and innovative spirit and accompanying speech with It was an action and sought national cohesion and independence of the country and raising the level of capability of the country and satisfaction of the right and keeping the flag of religion proud.

The imposed war between the Islamic of Iran and the Iraq regime lasted from September 0891 to August 0899.Imam Khomeini, citing verse (8) of Surah Al-Hujurat < in traduces the aggression of the Iraqi regime as a crime of prostitution. In Islamic jurisprudence, insurgents are first invited to negotiate in peaceful ways, and if they don’t succeed, they will fight the insurgents, bat wheather they have an organization or not , a different verdict is issued in dealing with the wounded, fugitives and prisoners . Imam Khomeinis strategies against this crime, including invitind Islamic countries to repel the insurgents aggression according to verse 8 of the Hujrat , command of the Armed forces, preventing the dissolution of the army and the formaton of the IRGC and the mobilization of the oppressed and the formation of the supreme council , pre-war defense , jihad – building , the formation of the IRGC,s three , farces, establishment of the supreme Council of war support and finally the decisive messages in various war operation the results of the research are analytical – descriptive and library methods that deal with criminalization and the verdict of this crime in Islamic religions, and finally the solutions to deal with this crime are examined from the perspective of Imam Khomeini

Our country is one of the countries that face various crises, such as earthquakes, wars, epidemics of a contagious disease, etc. Among the crises that have been encountered so far were the Procrustean war. Although much research has been done aboute war, but research has not been done on the role of logistical support in defeating the blockage of Abadan This research is exploratory research in terms of purpose and applied in terms of type of use, and the data research method of the grounded theory has been used.Data were collected using non-probabilistic sampling with 20 Holy Defense fighters as well as Holy Defense researchers. MaxQDA software was also used to analyze the data. Based on data analysis, causal category including economic causes, geopolitical causes and ideological causes, central category including information management, transportation and optimal location of equipment and forces. Strategies including flexibility, synergy and reaction speed. intervention factors including command and control, manpower and equipment, and finally the consequences including political, social and military consequences. The proposed model can help to transfer experiences and values to future generations to play a more effective role in operational units and increase the country's defense power

The current study intends to examine the book of Avini from the perspective of the influence of spiritual and religious forces in improving the martial spirit of the warriors ; Therefore, to better understand Avini's effort in presenting the spiritual dimension of the warriors and its effect on their fighting ability, the intertextual relationship between Avini's words and religious and mystical literature of Persian language and literature should be taken into consideration. Using a descriptive-analytical method with a comparative approach, this article investigates the use of Avini's speech texts from the ancient spiritual and mystical texts of Persian literature and the effect of these beliefs on the fighting style. For this purpose, it considers the principles such as intention, certainty, sacrifice, and martyrdom as the most important spiritual indicators of the speech texts of the Avini, which have been manifested in religious culture and have had an effect on increasing the endurance. It examines the extent and manner of Avini's use of these elements to show the spiritual dimensions of warriors to strengthen their combat power and endurance. This study shows that the stronger the spiritual power, the more trust in God for the resistance and sacrifice of warriors against the enemies. The results confirm that Avini was influenced by classical mystical themes to describe his observations of war and gave these concepts a dynamic aspect and presented them in his work with a contemporary formulation with light of epic and meaning and has been used to empower the warriors.

The purpose of the present study was to qualitative investigate aspects life style of spouses martyrs 8-year war of Holy Defense. The methodology of this research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The research population was all spouses of martyrs in Yazd city. The sampling method was purposeful and the sample size was as high as theoretical saturation in qualitative research based on a semi-structured interview on 17 martyrs' spouses. To collect the data, interviews were initially conducted by the researcher with the wives of the martyrs, and criteria, characteristics and categories related to healthy lifestyle were extracted based on the views of martyrs and experts. For investigate health and mental health of the spouses of the martyrs, were used the general health questionnaire Goldberg (1972). For data analysis, thematic coding using Colaizzi method was conducted. The results showed that healthy lifestyle of spouses of martyrs has four dimensions of mental health, social relationships and participation, spiritual orientation and ethical management, which are divided into two categories of lifestyle focused on mental health (futures, independence, social interaction, etc.) And the lifestyle focused on the spiritual-moral orientation (worship and servitude, faith in God, moral commitment, etc.). Based on research findings, it is recommended that the dimensions of lifestyle identified in this study be used as a healthy lifestyle by educational and research institutions working in the field of mental health.

In this research, the strategies of the Baathist government of Iraq in the war with the Islamic Republic of Iran are discussed and evaluated, and its developments are analyzed.The verification method in this research is descriptive-analytical and information collection is library, documentary and internet. The main question of the research is, what strategy did Iraq launch a military attack against Iran? Also, what changes occurred in Iraq's strategies during the war with Iran?The general result of the article shows that Iraq, by adopting the strategy of "instigating war" in order to achieve the three goals of "amending the 1975 treaty" and taking control of Arvandroud, as well as "separating Khuzestan province" from Iran, also "taking away the sovereignty of the Iranian government from the three islands" "Abomusa, Big Tunb and Little Tunb were in the Persian Gulf.Finally, in this research, it has been determined that Iraq's strategy in campaigning on Iranian soil has suffered a severe defeat and failed due to the all-round defense of the people and the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Saddam Hussein did not achieve any of his goals of starting a war. The territorial unity and integrity of Iran remained, and the Baath party was also destroyed a few years after the end of the war, and Saddam also lost his rule over Iraq and was finally killed.