نشریه کارافن
سال نوزدهم شماره 58 (تابستان 1401)

The aim of the present study was the design of a model for improving the performance of technical and vocational universities based on educational needs until 2030 in Iran. The research involved a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative section, 22 interviews were conducted with academic experts and specialists in technical and vocational universities using targeted sampling. The interview protocols were approved both in terms of content validity and reliability based on the agreement between the two coders. In the qualitative part, the collected data was analyzed with the Grounded theory approach and the three stages of coding (open, central and selective) common in this approach, providing the present research with initial model to enter into the quantitative phase. Quantitative data was collected using researcher-made questionnaire from all the employees of technical and professional universities in the city of Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. Questionnaire constructs had good validity (convergent and divergent) and reliability (based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability). Data in this phase was analyzed based on their frequency and dispersion measures using Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach to structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the present study revealed that improving the performance of technical and professional universities based on educational needs included the components of teaching skills, teaching management, evaluation skills, research skills, communication and personal development, information technology and management, general teaching skills and specialized teaching skills. The pattern fit indicators in factor analysis confirmed the pattern fit.

Lack of attention to global knowledge and developments, the absence of inclusive participation of academics and criticism of curriculum have caused concerns among policymakers in educational systems. In addition, social responsibility is an important indicator of social capital, which is of special importance in higher education. The goal of this study was to explain effective factors in skills curriculum based on social responsibility. In this applied research, through descriptive-analytical and survey methods, a questionnaire was randomly distributed among 216 influential managers and policymakers in skills curriculum based on social responsibility to collect data based on Cochran's formula. Analysis via SPSS and SMARTPLS software showed that out of fifty-two items in the questionnaire, factor analysis revealed eleven factors affecting the curriculum. According to the obtained coefficients, the most important items were curriculum assessment system (0.243), appropriate discourse in curriculum (0.204) as well as curriculum definition, importance and necessity (1.96). In fitting the measurement models, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of each factor was >0.7 and the combined reliability coefficient was also >0.7. The mean of extracted variances for convergent validity analysis was >0.4 with SRMR equal to 0.072, which is an acceptable value for the model.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and explain the impact of information and communication technology on the skills training system using Porter's value chain model as a theoretical framework. For this purpose, in conducting quantitative research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed by experts and its reliability was accepted by Cronbach's alpha test with a value of 0.957. Findings from the analysis of the collected data indicated that the three effects of information and communication technology (including the effect of automation, the effect of information and the effect of transformation) can influence both aspects of the value chain of the skills training system (including core activities and support activities). Accordingly, it is expected that the increasing prevalence of information and communication technology in the various pillars of the skills training system can have a positive impact on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of this vital and important system.

In this research, the effect of information technology on the empowerment of the staff of the Technical and Vocational University of South Khorasan Province was investigated. In terms of the purpose and type, this research is a descriptive-survey and the statistical population included all university staff. A questionnaire was used to collect information. Its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and its validity was evaluated by experts. Each section of the questionnaire addressed different dimensions of the effects of information technology such as accountability, achievements, communication, information technology, and employees' sense of competence. Assumption of data normality for all employee job dimensions was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The results showed that the use of information technology at the Technical and Vocational University of South Khorasan Province led to a sense of competence, an improvement in the quality of staff performance, facilitated communication and speed of staff under different working conditions and resulted in various improvements at the university.

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of green human resources management on the dimensions of competitive advantage development. The statistical population of this study included 387 employees of Fars Technical and Vocational Organization. The sample size was determined as 193 people based on Morgan’s Table. A simple random sampling method was used. Data was collected through standard questionnaires. In order to measure validity, the content and reliability of the questionnaire was determined through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was between zero and one; and the reliability of the questions was considered desirable if the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was larger or equal to 0.7. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.912.  Content validity was measured with the CVR index and validated with 75 Validity. Data analysis was performed using SPSS25 software for inferential statistics and LISREL8.8 for path fitting. The findings of the current study demonstrated that green human resources management based on environmental performance had a direct and meaningful relationship with competitive advantage. In addition, the findings showed a direct and significant correlation of all dimensions of competitive advantage with environmental performance.

The aim of this study was to analyze the laws, regulations and upstream documents in the field of higher education from the perspective of scientific cooperation. This descriptive – analytical research used content analysis and documentary study as the research strategy. In the current study, upstream documents and regulations were analyzed and considered the research sample. Data collection tools included checklists and researcher-made forms. Descriptive analysis methods were used for data analyses, investigating alignments regarding scientific collaborations. The results indicated that a great number of upstream documents support different kinds of scientific cooperation and are aligned with scientific cooperation but do not have the necessary executive guarantee.  The official documents that support scientific cooperation but do not have the necessary executive guarantee are Comprehensive Scientific Map of Iran, Islamic-Iranian Model of Progress, and the 2025 Horizon of IRAN. In contrast, another document has significant role in the activities of faculty members and has an executive guarantee and the power of punishment and rewards. Nevertheless, it sometimes plays as a barrier for scientific collaborations. In other words, it is not very compatible with teamwork and scientific cooperation.

The research explores the expectations and criticisms of some humanities professors of the University of Kurdistan of the general correlations governing the university in order to gain an understanding of the nature of professor and student relationships and to help understand the general sphere of the university and the need for intervention or changes by decision makers. For this purpose, a qualitative approach and critical ethnographic method were used. The research field included all the faculty members of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the university and 7 people were selected through the purposeful sampling method and the data collection process continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, and Strauss three-step coding was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that social isolation exists at all levels of communication between professors with each other, students and the university community with the surrounding environment. The subjects had problems in four meaningful aspects and this problem affected psychological actions and various dimensions of personality. Participants had major problem with the lack of norms and rules and believed that the university had not succeeded in requiring and adhering to the norms. There was a feeling of powerlessness among the subjects. The feeling of self-loathing manifested itself in the form of self-dissatisfaction and aimlessness.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tendency of executive managers of University of Kurdistan towards self-improvement skills of a leader. This research methods were purposeful, applied, and descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study included all executive managers of University of Kurdistan (85 people). Of these, 63 people were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using a 60-item questionnaire consisting of components of job involvement, control source, organizational commitment, self-efficacy and metacognition whose reliability coefficient was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS23 and SMART PLS2 statistical software. Pearson correlation test, Chi-square test, Kendall test, one-sample t-test, Friedman test and path analysis were used in data analysis. The results showed that there was a significant relationship regarding the evaluation of the variables that determine the leader's tendency towards self-improvement including the source of control, job involvement, organizational commitment, metacognition, self-efficacy, motivation and self-regulation of managers. In addition, in examining the relationships between these variables, there was a significant relationship. Finally, the model used in the research was confirmed by the path analysis test.

Research has shown that variables such as authentic leadership, knowledge sharing and social capital among employees can play an effective role in increasing organizational innovation. Thus, this research examines the impact of authentic leadership on organizational innovation with mediating role of knowledge sharing and social capital among staff of the University of Kashan. The present study was a causal study and statistical population consisted of all staff and managers at University of Kashan (N=377) using Cochran’s Formula and simple randomized sampling, where 229 participants were selected as the sample. To collect data, the four questionnaires of authentic leadership, organizational innovation, knowledge sharing and social capital were used. Questionnaire content and construction validity were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the questionnaires’ reliability were estimated equal to 0.79 for authentic leadership, 0.70 for organizational innovation, 0.98 for knowledge sharing and 0.90 for social capital. Data analyses were conducted at the two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics through statistical softwares. Findings showed that authentic leadership style, knowledge sharing and social capital had the capability of predicting organizational innovation among employees and the mediating role of social capital and knowledge sharing in the impact of authentic leadership on organizational innovation among employees was positive and significant.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between heads of departments’ transformational leadership and faculty members’ effectiveness through the organizational culture. The approach of this study was quantitative and with a correlation method. The statistical population of this study consisted of 350 faculty members of the University of Kurdistan and 193 individuals were selected through simple random sampling method. Data collection tools comprised of Denison's organizational culture questionnaire, Hoy's effectiveness questionnaire and Bass and Avolio's transformational questionnaire. For data analysis, structural equation model in SPSS22 and LISEREL 8 software was used. The results showed that the relationship between heads of departments’ transformational leadership style and organizational culture was significant. Furthermore, the organizational culture as a mediator variable had a significant effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style and effectiveness of its faculty members. Transformational leadership in the final research model did not have a direct and significant effect on effectiveness of faculty members. But transformational leadership, through organizational culture, impacted the effectiveness of faculty members.

Engineering graduates obtain much of their ethics through a hidden curriculum. The aim of this study was to "explain the process of impact of hidden curriculum on the formation of professional ethics of engineering students" in order to improve the professional ethics of engineers according to the hidden curriculum in educational environments. In this research, phenomenological research method was used. The sample population comprised of all graduate students of engineering disciplines in Iranian faculties and purposeful sampling was conducted with in-depth semi-structured interviews was conducted with 10 participants about their lived experience in acquiring engineering ethics in educational environments. Data analysis in MAXQDA software in response to research questions led to the creation of 4 core codes of training, learning partners, field of action and educational system; axial codes were obtained from the combination of 30 open codes. The findings indicated that the details of the educational environment including the central codes in the mentioned order were considered by engineering students to greatly influence the implicit formation of the professional ethics curriculum of engineering students, creating many opportunities and threats in the field of implicit teaching of students' professional ethics.

Nowadays, majority of organizations rely to a large extent on information systems in conducting their affairs. Consequently, the quality of information obtained from these systems has a crucial effect on the work process of organizations. Low-quality data results in incurring high costs in organizations leading to lower efficiency and productivity. Improving data quality is a suitable and cost-effective solution to this problem. To improve the information quality, one must consider improving the design and performance of these information systems, and these demands knowing the sense and concept of data quality as a product, knowing methods of measuring it, and taking measures in properly designing and operating the system. Consequently, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of student registration data of University of Kurdistan in general and also in individual work areas of the registration statistics system. For this purpose, a combination of quantitative-qualitative and exploratory research methods were applied. In the qualitative part of the research, employing a library research method, theoretical concepts were presented, the data quality indicators were identified and the most important indicators selected. Accordingly, the “registration statistics quality evaluation checklist” was developed using expert opinion. In the quantitative part of the research, Golestan Educational System was monitored as a field study, and the checklist was completed and analyzed. The results indicated that students’ registration statistics quality was 79 percent. The quality of statistics in identifying, registering, transferring and presenting areas were 76, 85, 92, 54, and 63 percent, respectively.

It is necessary to be informed of student motivational factors to carry out educational planning at universities. This study was undertaken to determine first semester students’ motivation for selecting a technical associate degree at the Shahid Yazdanpanah Faculty in Sanandaj: a branch of the Technical and Vocational University as a cross-sectional study. The research was descriptive-analytical with a quantitative approach using questionnaires. The statistical population comprised of 261 students undertaking associate degrees in their first semester in the academic year 2017-2018. Thus, 150 students were selected via stratified random sampling using the Cochran formula. In order to select the sample, first the statistical population was classified as educational departments based on the available associate degree programs and the statistical sample size. The findings showed that interest and scientific progress ranked first in rating of motives (2.92) for choosing Technical Associate Degree at the Faculty of Shahid Yazdanpanah, Sanandaj Branch of the Technical and Vocational University, followed by job income (2.41), entrance exam score (2.39), and influence of parents and relatives (2.24).

Monitoring and paying attention to influential factors in creating a positive desire for the field of education is very important. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of internal marketing on the willingness to re-enroll students of non-governmental physical education preschools in Tehran with the mediating role of staff satisfaction. The purpose of this study was applied, and the research method was based on structural equation modeling. The population of the present study was all stakeholders of physical education schools including managers, teachers and students of six physical education schools in Tehran (N= 750). Based on Morgan's sampling table, 256 individuals were selected as available statistical samples. Findings showed that there was a significant relationship between internal marketing and components of customer satisfaction (Sig = 0.001, t = 2.449); there was also a positive and significant relationship between internal marketing and the desire to re-register customers (Sig = 0.001, t = 2.737). In addition, there was a significant relationship between the components of internal marketing, internal service, payment, communication and re-attendance of students in physical education schools in Tehran. All indicators demonstrated the desirability of the structural equation model and satisfaction was a significant mediator between internal marketing and tendency to re-register (Sig = 0.001, t = 6.178). When teachers and staff of physical education colleges have better job security, receive better rewards, salaries and benefits, they will be more motivated to serve students, and these favorable conditions will lead to a desire to re-enroll students. Therefore, it is recommended that appropriate job security be created for teachers and staff of vocational schools and this issue be seen as an organizational culture and policy in education.

The present study was conducted to provide a technology-based virtual education model in order to advance primary school curricula with a combined approach. The current study was practical in terms of purpose, and the research methods used were a combination of sequential and exploratory. Data collection method used was a survey. The statistical population in the qualitative section included experts familiar with e-learning who are purposefully of the standard type (people who had published at least one article in the field of technology and e-learning in reputable domestic and foreign publications or translated and written on the subject); they were selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (16 interviews with 16 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation) and in the second part (quantitative) after collecting information from qualitative research, a questionnaire was created and randomly distributed among primary school principals in Tehran in both groups of public and non-profit public schools for girls and boys. The statistical population included 2500 people who were randomly distributed in two categories of public and non-profit schools in each category. The data collection tool used in the present study was a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire extracted from the qualitative section (40 items and 10 components). Therefore, in general, in order to advance primary school curricula, the following categories of technology-based e-learning model were found: in order of importance, macro structure, finance, organizational culture, curriculum, the nature of e-learning, manpower, attitude and preparation, facilities, management and training.

The joint audit is one of the ways in which governments and regulators are constantly striving to improve the quality as well as competition in auditing. The joint audit has been used in many countries for a long period of time but has not been used in Iran. Although there are legal mechanisms for joint audits in Iran, its non-implementation by audit firms is considered in this study. Therefore, the research intends to examine the causes and obstacles to the lack of development of joint audits in Iran. A conceptual model and 29 research questions were designed. A questionnaire was sent to selected members of the IACPA using the snowball method and 127 responses were received. The obtained data was analyzed using statistical methods of comparing means (one-sample and two-sample tests), the Chi-square as well as the Friedman test. The results indicated that the barriers to joint audits included the laws governing audit firms, structure and cultural characteristics of the country, insufficient research and unfamiliarity with joint auditing, non-coordination of audit firms with each other, issues related to the audit market and its uncertainty, reluctance and distrust in the development of private sector auditing and reducing audit quality and auditor independence. Analysis of respondents’ demographic factors and their attitudes toward joint audit barriers showed that respondents' employment factors influenced their attitudes toward barriers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between corporate value reporting disclosure and performance considering quasi-integrated reporting adopters. This is applied research in terms of purpose and correlational and post-event in terms of descriptive method. The statistical population of the present study comprised of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2015 to 2019. By elimination sampling method, 101 companies were selected for the study. In this study, Q-Tobin, return on assets, return on equity, turnover of assets, profit margin, inventory retention period, sales receivables collection period, and operating cycle were used to measure the company's performance. The results of the study using Eviews12 software showed that the quality of value reporting had a significant relationship with only the return on assets and return on equity, but no significant relationship was found with other variables. There was also a significant relationship between the relative compliance of value reporting through integrated financial statements and firm performance.

Value changes along with structural changes and increasing levels of education have created dramatic changes in the way men look at life and its patterns. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the lifestyle of single men. This article studies the various dimensions of the lived experience of single men using the background method (data foundation). The statistical population in this study comprised of single men over 28 years of age in Tehran. The research was carried out by purposive sampling method and using semi-structured interview tools until theoretical saturation was achieved. The study was conducted by interviewing 32 single men. In the coding step, 520 open codes, 100 core codes and 20 selected codes were extracted from the interview. Throughout this research, the guidance of professors was used to increase credibility and reliability. In the final stage, the lived experience of single men with a focus on modern lifestyles was identified as the main factor. The constructed phenomenon of modern lifestyle is the result of the use of art in leisure, watching foreign channels and the use of social space, which led to strategies to reduce adaptation to unhealthy interactions and entertainment. Decreased family relationships, emotional problems, the multiplicity and normalization of relationships with the opposite sex, disorder in life and attention to clothes are the consequences of the mentioned phenomenon.

The purpose of this study was to develop a revenue model for selected sports federations in Iran. The method of the present study was heuristic. The statistical population in this quantitative and qualitative study included all knowledgeable elites in selected federations. In the qualitative part, 16 people were selected by stratified sampling method and in the quantitative part, 100 people were selected by purposive sampling method. The tools used to collect information in the quantitative section included a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the research data, the content analysis method was used to review the interviews and the structural equation method was used to review the research model. The whole process of data analysis was performed in the form of SPSS software version 22 and PLS software. The results showed that investment and sponsors, government institutions, politics, security, media, fans, government support, characteristics and attractiveness of different sports, human resource management, law, facility development, and scientific research can be the most important sources of income for selected sports federations in Iran. The results of this study can help the managers and officials of sports federations to make their strategic decisions based on financial information in order to have better and more appropriate communication and interaction with shareholders and sponsors, and increase the income of the relevant federation.

communication and organizational silence among the secondary school teachers in Kashan. The research method was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population compromised of 390 secondary school teachers in Kashan in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample size was determined to be 181 people according to Krejcie and Morgan Tables and by means of stratified random sampling method. The data collection was conducted on the basis of two questionnaires: Robbin's effective communication questionnaire and Vakola and Bouradas's organizational silence questionnaire. The reliability coefficients were calculated as 0/889 and 0/860 respectively for effective communication questionnaire and organizational silence questionnaire. The questionnaires' validity was approved by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis Method and two experts. The collected data were analyzed in the AMOS22 and SPSS22 by One-sample T-test, independent T-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Variance Analysis Test. The findings showed there was a negative and significant relationship between effective communication and organizational silence among the research population and also there was a negative and significant relationships between effective communication and organizational silence components (Defensive Silence, Acquiescence Silence and Prosocial Silence).The difference in effective communication and organizational silence in the research population was statistically significant in the gender variable, while this difference was not statistically significant in other variables such as age, level of education and years of service.

The purpose of this research was to design and formulate the strategy of Kayhan Sanat Ghaem Company. A comprehensive strategy formulation framework was used to formulate the company's strategy. The statistical population of this research included the board of directors, managers and experts of Kayhan Sanat Ghaem Company. In this research, first, the mission statement of Kayhan Sanat Ghaem Company was determined and then analyzed using descriptive statistics and tools such as internal and external factor evaluation matrix, SWOT matrix (SWOT) and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM). In the adaptation and comparison phase, four strategies (offensive, conservative, competitive and defensive) were identified and according to the internal and external matrix, offensive strategies were selected. The selected strategies were identified using the QSPM matrix and the best strategies identified were market and product development strategy and increasing the capacity of diesel and Perkins production lines.

The green human resource management is a new management philosophy based on the green movement in relation to the protection of our environment and a model in which the concept of green is used in the field of human resource management. The present study was conducted to identify and rank the priorities of green human resource management. The method of this research is descriptive survey and the statistical population included twenty professors of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. In this regard, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was developed and distributed among research experts and then collected using Expert Choice software. AHP and fuzzy Delphi techniques were used to rank the antecedents. Findings showed that organizational factors with a weight of dimensions of 0.627 were ranked 1st and among its components, the quality of human resources with a weight of 0.359 was ranked first. Technological factors with a weight of 0.289 dimensions were ranked second and its advantage component was ranked first. Environmental factors with a weight of dimensions of 0.084 ranked third and among its components, government support with a weight of dimensions of 0.336 was ranked first. The overall findings demonstrated that organizational factor was ranked first in terms of importance, technology factor was ranked second and environmental factor was ranked third in terms of weight.

According to the critical role of human resources (HR) in creating competitive advantage and the necessity of planning for managing these assets, this research identified the strategy of HR management and other deputies of Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company based on the Strategic Reference Point Approach (SRP). It determined the organizational structure of the company and units as an influential factor in implementing strategy. Finally, the following questions were addressed: is there alignment between organizational structure and HR strategy and what combination would be most effective? The research method was descriptive and survey based. In this research, three checklists were used to identify differences and cost management variables, variables of recruitment from the domestic and foreign labor market, and determine HR strategy and organizational structure used. For data analysis, statistical methods such as KS test, assumption test, T student, and fuzzy logic were used. In addition, structural equation modeling was used for the validity of the research. Findings show that the human resources strategy in the whole company is in a desirable state and the organizational structure for its implementation was recognized as consistent, but Engineering Department, Clients Department, Coordination Department, and Audit Department should be modified in terms of strategy and units such as the Financial Department and Project Implementation Department needs modification in structure.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of open innovation on innovative performance in the Industry, Mining and Trade Organization of Mazandaran Province with the mediating role of knowledge structure. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Industry, Mining and Trade Organization of Mazandaran province (461 people). Based on the Krejcie and Morgan Table (1970), 210 people were selected as a working sample by stratified random sampling. To collect data, the Huang and Chu (2013) Open Innovation Questionnaire with 9 questions, Huang and Li (2009) Innovative Performance Questionnaire with 7 questions and Yao and Li (2014) Knowledge Structure Questionnaire with 14 questions were used. The face and content validity of the instruments were confirmed by experts and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient test as 0.91 for the Open Innovation Questionnaire, 0.85 for the Innovative Performance Questionnaire and 0.87 for the Knowledge Structure Questionnaire. Open innovation had a significant effect on innovative performance (coefficient T of -2.32) and a positive and significant effect on knowledge structure (coefficient T of 21.21). In addition, knowledge structure had a positive and significant effect on innovative performance with a coefficient T of 7.38. Moreover, open innovation through knowledge structure had a positive and significant effect on innovative performance. Open innovation had a positive and significant effect on innovative performance in Mazandaran Province Industry, Mining and Trade Organization with the mediating role of the knowledge structure and the proposed model had a suitable fit. It is therefore recommended that the managers and officials of the Industry, Mining and Trade Organization work with scientific and coherent planning to promote innovation, including open innovation in the organization in order to improve the innovative performance of the organization.

Organizational overweight reduction is a method that organizations use to reduce costs, focus on core processes, improve services, and improve skills. By adopting an organizational overweight reduction policy, an organization can focus only on the activities for which it has been assigned and undertake tasks that are just related to its organizational goals. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to present and explain the reduction model. Organizational overweight was a liberalization approach in state-owned companies in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The research method was applied and exploratory. The statistical population of the research included the managers and deputies of state-owned companies in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province; the sample size of 20 people was determined by the theoretical saturation method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, validity of which was verified by experts and reliability was verified using Cronbach's alpha. The results demonstrated that the dimensions of the model included 8 main themes: internal factors, economic factors, human factors, organizational culture, technology, software facilities, hardware, knowledge and skills and communication, organizational structure: planning, coordination and information flow, organizational culture, changing forces Competitive technology software, hardware, knowledge and skills, communications and organizational agility. Due to the model fit, the findings were highly valid.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of customer relationship management on employee-oriented brands with the role of internal marketing mediator in bodybuilding clubs in Mazandaran Province. This was descriptive-correlational research with a structural equation model approach. The statistical population of the research included the customers of fitness clubs in the east of Mazandaran Province (people engaged in sports activities in the clubs). 101 people were selected by simple random sampling method. Data collection tools used were valid customer relationship management, internal marketing and employee brand questionnaires. Their reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha. For data analysis, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling) were used in SPSS24 and AMOS24 softwares. The findings showed that customer relationship management had a positive and significant effect on the employee-oriented brand through internal marketing, and the path of customer relationship management to internal marketing accounts for 14% of the variance of internal marketing and two paths of customer relationship management; and internal marketing to the employee-based brand explained 19% of the variance of the employee-centered brand. Therefore, it is recommended that the managers of sports clubs attempt to have more effective communication with their customers by providing more facilities, the psychological and material barriers to communication be removed and also the culture of clarifying communication between customers and members within the organization should be strengthened.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting customers' stickiness to DigiKala online store based on the role of their perceived value. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate the effect of customers' perceived value on their stickiness and their purchase intention in DigiKala store. This research used an applied and descriptive research method. The statistical population consisted of customers of DigiKala online store. A Likert-based questionnaire was used for data-collection. Finally, a sample of 327 customers was selected. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed and confirmed using content and construct validity and its reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability. In the present research, SPSS and PLS software were used for data analysis. The findings of this study revealed that the perceived value of customers affected their satisfaction and trust. In addition, satisfaction and trust had a positive and significant effect on user’s stickiness to online stores. Finally, the findings demonstrated that stickiness had a significant effect on customers purchase intention from DigiKala online store.

The use of the Internet of Things in the aviation industry, by improving performance and efficiency, has been able to attract the views of key stakeholders and leaders. Accordingly, the present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and content analysis method. The statistical population was selected by targeted and snowball sampling methods. For this purpose, individuals with a history of management activities in the aviation industry and familiar with new technologies in this field were selected. The interviews were continued to the point of theoretical saturation which was reached at the 18th interview. To confirm the validity of the research, the method of "triangulation of data sources, review by colleagues and review by participants" was used, and to confirm the reliability of the research, "reliability between two coders and re-testers" was used. For data analysis, MAXQDA2020 software was used and with three coding steps (axis, main theme, sub-theme); the propellants and drivers of IoT application in the management of Iran's aviation industry were identified and analyzed. Based on the research results, propellants identified included "brain drain, monopoly and non-competitiveness, political conditions and sanctions, and the high cost of technology transfer" while drivers identified included "meritocracy and the use of elites, increasing the capability of key elements, identifying coordinates and geographical location and sharing experience, knowledge and information".

Integral equations are widely used in various branches of mathematics and mathematical physics, and many problems of initial value and boundary value which are related to ordinary and partial differential equations can be converted to integral equations and then be solved. The explicit methods generally provide a good approximation of the answer to a stiff problem if there are too many node points. However, from the computational point of view, this is not acceptable nor cost-effective. Because it requires high computational costs and more time for evaluations, implicit methods are proposed, in which to obtain an approximate solution we must solve a nonlinear system of equations using the Jacobin method. In addition, by increasing the number of nodes and increasing the matrix dimension, examining convergence and stability is a serious problem. In this paper, a hybrid explicit method based on the parametric iteration method and the spectral collocation method was developed for simulating the solution of the nonlinear stiff Volterra’s model for population growth of a species within a closed system. The method derived here has the advantage that it does not require the solution of nonlinear systems of equations encountered in the Jacobian evaluation. The results obtained in the present work demonstrate excellent performance of the developed method.