نشریه مطالعات تربیتی و اجتماعی قرآن و عترت
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1401)

One of the most important social issues in the Holy Quran is people’s influence on the creation of the future and the fate of society. As a person is responsible for his/her fate, he/she is responsible for the collective fate; thus, the “collective behavior” is significant. Dynamics, motion, and growth in the different issues of society are resulted from the positive collective wills and behaviors, while the negative collective behaviors can also lead to increase the problems and extended damages in the various aspects. The purpose of the present study is to discover the worldly and otherworldly influences of collective behavior from the view of the Holy Quran in two sections of the influences of positive and negative collective behaviors. This study is a basic research in terms of purpose and is a descriptive-documentary research in terms of methodology. It applies a qualitative content analysis for analyzing the data. The population is textual and includes all the verses of the Holy Quran in related interpretations, researches, and Islamic and sociological books which are purposefully analyzed in line with the goals of this study. The findings showed that the influences of positive collective behavior includes the development of cities and increase of blessings, the leadership of good people, God’s help, and believers’ help; and the influences of negative collective behavior are as follows: worldly and otherworldly punishments, the curses of the Prophets and good people, the darkness of hearts, homelessness, and wandering.

Quran is the most important source of Islamic culture and knowledge that contains human’s guiding affairs including belief, moral, historical, jurisprudential, legal, and economic issues. Given the main aim of revelation of Quran, that is, the guidance of humans, the Prophet Mohammad and Imams explained the guiding teachings of this book in detail for the first time, and then Islamic interpreters and scholars did that. Because Surah Araf is one of the Surahs that speaks about the most basic guiding issues, this study attempts to clarify the most important guiding teachings of this Surah from Allameh Tabatabaei’s viewpoint by applying a library research method and a descriptive-analytical approach for analyzing the data. According to the findings, denying the guardianship of others than God, denying polytheism and idolatry, infallibility in conveying the message, evaluation of actions in the doomsday, learning from the fate of others, the prophets’ educational methods, the effect of prayers on human’s education, fighting against economic deviations, the prohibition of improper imitation of the predecessors, are among the guiding teachings of Surah Araf in Tafsir al-Mizan.

One of the most important Islamic revolution purposes is to establish a new Islamic civilization. In order to provide a proper context for establishing a world Islamic society and facilitate the emergence of Imam Zaman, we need to grow a revolutionary and civilizing generation so that it can be possible to achieve the original ideal of the Islamic revolution. Since the first institution in the society is the family and the education of generation takes place within the family, the most significant role in educating children is on the shoulders of the mothers. They can be the first people in the path of realizing the goals of the Islamic revolution by educating children properly. The ways of education are some small mechanisms to education and are a clear manifestation of the work of education. There are different ways with which the mothers can properly educate the children, and the educational institutions should teach the mothers these ways and applying them properly. This research collects the data by a documentary-library research method and are organized by a descriptiveanalytical research method. The results indicates that in the educational system of Islam, the Islamic fundamentals, goals, principles, and ways are explained, and it is possible to educate a civilizing generation with the help of solutions and methods of religious education. In this research, the ways of religious education are presented in cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and religious domains for the Islamic education of revolutionary and civilizing children.

Human has two dimensions, on the one hand, he/she has a desire for the world of creation and material things and can become lower than animals; on the other hand, he/she has a desire for the world of abstraction and can get to the highest level of humanity. A person, who wants to reach the perfection of humanity, should know the underlying factors of moral deviations and fight against him/herself and those factors. Sometimes, these factors are related to his/her perception and insight dimension, and sometimes, are related to his/her stimulus and tendency dimension. This analytical-descriptive study, after reviewing library texts, concludes that the origin of moral deviations from the perspective of Nahj al-Balagha and the Supreme Leader is an unbalance between the reason and emotion. The most important underlying factors, related to the perception and insight dimension and theoretical reason, are as follows: ignorance, and the reliance on guess and despotism, which are an obstacle to perception and insight powers, cause the scale of reason to lose its balance, cause to fall into fantasy, suspicion, and despotism in thought, instead of entering the realm of rationality and certainty, and finally, cause to be deprived of understanding the truth. The other factors, related to the stimulus and tendency dimension and practical reason, are as follows: material attachments, and untimely and excessive love, which cause to rust and blind human’s heart, and finally, cause to weak the practical reason that is a protector of the human soul against the outburst of lust and anger.

Honorableness is one of the most valuable moral virtues in religious teachings. Today, privacy protection and the avoidance of insulting people is very important, especially, by developing cyberspace. One of the solutions for being honorable in Islamic society is to take advantage of the teachings of Quran and Etrat. The results of this study, which applies a library research method, show that the Holy Quran introduces the supreme honorable people both here and hereafter, and explains their moral characteristics, as the Prophet Mohammad is introduced as a perfect example of a person with all moral virtues, by exalting in name and status, and Ahl al-Bayt due to being with him, are introduced as the prominent examples of honorable people and intercessors of the doomsday. In addition, Quran presents the following people as the honorable ones by describing Hazrat Lot’s efforts in preserving the sanctity of his guests, Hazrat Saleh’s good name in the society, Hazrat Yusuf’s unique self-control, the Prophets Moses’s and Jesus’s dignity, and Hazrat Mary’s chastity. Moreover, the Prophet Mohammad’s poor companions, i.e “the companions of Sofa”, are mentioned as an extensive example of honorable people because of their true faith, protection of Islam, and resistance to the divine test.

Maintaining human dignity as a natural right is among the main fundamentals of religious teachings and ignoring it causes a person not to reach his/her perfection. In the Holy Quran, the main root of human dignity is this verse: “Va laghad karamna bani Adam...”, and Imam Hussein’s practical behavior (Sireh) and Husseini discourse show its prominent components. According the results, there are different elements in the Husseini discourse that show the human dignity in the phase of revealing the truth. This descriptive-analytical study which applies a library research method tries to identify the components of human dignity and describe their relationships based on the Husseini discourse. The present study points out the privileged position of human dignity which is in the Husseini discourse in the form of such a dignity that is potentially in all humans. Obedience, the inherent dignity of existence, rationality, honor, and authority, are among the components of human dignity in the Husseini discourse, who has depicted the peak of human dignity and honor in the history. Given people’s particular relationship with Ashura event and Imam Hussein, these components can be an appropriate pattern for improving the human dignity and the spirit of self-confidence in the era of Zohour against the attacks of enemies.

One of the moral teachings of the religion of Islam is to dignify humans. Human dignity is very important in social relations and it is a natural desire and a divine trust. There are a large number of recommendations for the human dignity in the divine teachings. The human dignity is like the rain of mercy, which brings virtue and purity to worthy people and impurity to unrighteous people. Ahl al-Bayt put an emphasis on practicing the moral virtues in dealing with worthy people and avoiding it in the face of unrighteous ones, and they obliged their followers to do this order. This descriptive-analytical research which applies a library research method aims to explain the examples of human dignity in Imam Hussein’s speeches. The results indicate that in Imam Hussein’s practical behavior (Sireh) and speeches, dignifying Ahl al-Bayt, slaves, neighbors, friends, enemies, and the poor is very significant.