فصلنامه رسانه
سال سی و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 129، زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this research is to study the music consumption of adolescent girls living in a religious culture. Semi-structured interviews were used to obtain the data of this study. These interviews were conducted with 23 adolescent girls living in a religious culture who also study in special religious schools. The data obtained from the interviews have been analyzed using thematic analysis method. To analyze the data, open coding was done first, and then basic and organizing themes were extracted. The results of this study show that the consumption of music by adolescent girls living in religious culture, can be classified into seven themes. These organizing themes express what kind of music consumption the adolescent girls studied in this study have, how they get music and listen to it, under what conditions and how they consume music, what are the reasons and factors that make them not listen to some music, for what reasons do relative of teenagers forbid them consuming some music, and in the end, what are the effects does music consumption have on them.

This research seeks to evaluate the characteristics of an influential TV presenter and determine evaluation indicators. Based on this, it’s trying to develop a criterion for evaluating the presenters, using precise scientific indicators and also the hierarchy of importance of these criteria. The research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative exploratory and its method was to collect and formulate the criteria for implementing thematic analysis, to rank the criteria using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method, and to collect data using in-depth interviews. The statistical population, media elites, includes managers, programmers, presenters and professors of communication sciences, sociology and psychology, and 31 of them were selected in a snowball method to discover and rank the criteria. The findings showed that the personal, professional and content criteria of presenters, with 60 percent, are the most important, and communication, psychological, organizational, sociological and technical criteria are in the next ranks among experts. The indicators of avoiding imitation, public relations, vocabulary, high intelligence, audience knowledge, crisis management and recognizing the similarities between the speaker and the presenter from the experts' point of view are the most important characteristics for professional presenters. Performers also should know more than what they knew about performance and media. Characteristics such as the ability to engineer messages, knowledge of the world of propaganda and psychological warfare, knowledge of equipment, technical terms, mastery of journalism principles, detailed knowledge of research tools and religious issues, media literacy, knowledge of the position of presenter and media, and interviewing ability.

The digital phenomenon, which is almost half a century old, has left many important effects in human social life, in which accuracy is considered one of the essential elements of all modern societies. For this purpose, this study has tried to examine it from different angles, considering the importance of the subject. This study analyzes the differences between traditional and modern art, despite the challenges and opportunities, through today's tools such as radio and television, in addition to the domination of audio and visual mediums in front of traditional assets from two perspectives. First, he criticized the origin and foundations of this phenomenon in the field of sound and music and pointed out that along with the progress of the digital industry, the world of music has also established a deep connection with business, economy and cultural policies due to this electronic medium. Second, the phenomenon of digital music was scrutinized in the social-cultural context and in the star-making (celebrity) process, and it showed that digital concepts have an important place in the economic system of world music, and with its enormous potential, it can be used as a serious approach in artistic and economic discourses (especially in developing countries such as Iran). Finally, the results of this study showed that various factors are influential in these developments, some of which typically cause the replacement of cultural and artistic products and make it possible to present various opportunities and challenges to be faced by artistic activists and cultural policy makers.

The movement of Archaism with excessive emphasis on the cultural and civilizational background of pre-Islamic Iran, has caused negative consequences in the cultural structure of the society. Therefore, this research, while examining the degree of Archaism, has also dealt whit it’s correlation with media consumption. The theoretical framework of this research is based on “cultivation” and “uses and gratification” theories. The statistical population in this study includes students of Tehran universities, 386 of them were studied by stratified random sampling method as a sample population. To collect data, survey method and questionnaire tool were used, and SPSS statistical software was used for its analysis. The validity of the questionnaire was determined by face validity method and its reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results indicate that in terms the degree of Archaism, 0.3% of students are at very low level, 7% at low level, 32.9% at medium level, 44.8% at high level and 15% at very high level. The results of the hypothesis test also show that there is a correlation between students' media consumption and their degree of Archaism. This correlation is a function of the dependence of these media on political system. In such a way, that it’s inversely related to domestic media (other than cinema) and directly related to foreign media.

This article aims to investigate the effect of mass media consumption pattern (including time used, content utilized and purposiveness of utilization) on healthy lifestyle and the quantitative measurement of media usage pattern in three different and innovative dimensions. For theoretical explanation of this problem, the theories of McQuail, Lasswell, Frankfurt School, and Gerbner (Cultivation theory) have been used. This study was conducted with a survey method and a sample of 356 public high school students in the 3rd district of Tabriz city, and the data was collected using a researcher-made/standard combined questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. According to the findings, the average score of students' healthy lifestyle on a scale of 1 to 6 points is 4.23. Also, the index of the whole healthy lifestyle has an inverse significant relationship with the amount of mass media use, but it shows a significant and direct relationship with the purposefulness of media use and the priority of scientific/documentary content. Female students, younger students, and students belonging to a lower socio-economic base have reported a healthier lifestyle. Purposeful use of media and priority of sports content have a positive and significant effect and age has a negative and significant effect on the dependent variable (healthy lifestyle) and women have a healthier lifestyle compared to men. These four factors, have been able to explain 20 percent of the variance of the dependent variable

This Research has been conducted with the aim of the role of sports communication in the development of sports tourism industry with the mediating role of social media in Iran. The samples of this study included experts in the fields of tourism, sports communication and media, which a total of 315 people were selected by simple random method. The research period is 2020-2009. In order to conduct the research, a standard questionnaire was used to measure the variables of sports communication, development of sports tourism industry and social media. To measure the variables of Gross National Product (GDP), financial development, political stability, corruption control, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, voice and accountability, tourism costs, were extracted from the World Data Bank. The results of the analysis of the first hypothesis showed that sports communication has an effect on the development of sports tourism with the mediating role of social media. Also, the results of the second hypothesis also indicated that sports communication has an impact on financial development with the mediating role of social media. Regarding the control variables, in the first hypothesis, the tourism cost variable had a direct effect on the development of sports tourism with the mediating role of social media. In the second hypothesis, the control variables of government effectiveness, regulatory quality, and voice and accountability had a direct impact on financial development with the mediating role of social media.

The media represents the information flow of the society and is placed as a communication sphere between individuals and their actions and reactions. Mass communication tools mostly seek to create a peaceful information platform for the society, although sometimes in dealing with phenomena, directly or indirectly, it takes a negative function, a clear example of which also occurs in the representation of crime. The media should take a preventive action regarding this subject, but due to a deviation from its nature, it may also act negatively and criminalize the atmosphere. This article seeks to explore the relationship between the action of the media in the face of crime, which searches for this among theories, descriptions and analysis. Documentary use of researcher’s methods and comparative and even inductive inference will be used to possibly find out that only the establishment of laws and their implementation by the judicial system, although necessary, is not sufficient. The current study concludes that the media, as a stimulus to public opinion, when referring to criminal news, should focus on criminal news in the interest of society, so that its practical focus is to prevent the normalization of committing crimes and also to create a sense of psychological and social security for the society.

The purpose of this article is to design a conceptual model of newsroom for domestic media. In this research, due to the exploratory nature of the research, the grounded theory method was used. The execution method was exploratory, the method of data collection was done qualitatively and using the interview tool, the statistical sample in this study is 50 experts in the field of journalism, communication, technology, artificial intelligence, data mining and media management. This research was done in three stages of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. In open coding, first 562 codes were extracted and in the next step, some codes that had common meanings were merged and entered into axial coding. In axial and selective coding, 6 main networks, 21 main components and 354 sub-components were identified as components of the new model of the world media newsroom to model domestic media. The findings of this study emphasize the need for media managers to pay attention to strengthening human resources and equipping newsrooms with communication and information facilities and technologies. According to this research, the necessary platform for designing a modern newsroom is to understand the necessity of designing a "convergent newsroom" and with the expansion of "multi-skill journalism", "digitalization of the content production and distribution process" and "presentation of interactive content" and culture change.

Today, with the development and expansion of communication technologies, we are witnessing an increasing use of communication media and mass media by all sections of society, and governments, are trying to expand their territory in the field of media by seizing this opportunity and this suitable platform. As we know, success in the media battlefield means preserving the country's identity, culture, and authority, which ultimately preserves national security. The aim of the current research is to identify the different aspects of passive defense on the media platform, which is descriptive and practical, and using the Grounded Theory method, after library studies, data extraction and coding, as well as deep and specialized interviews with experts, in order to present a strategic model of passive defense belonging to the media in Iran. The statistical community included ten experts from military and media organizations and experts in the field of soft warfare and media, who participated in the processes of coding, classifying concepts, identifying components and dimensions, and extracting the initial pattern. Based on the findings of this research, the pattern of passive defense on the media platform was extracted and summarized in three main dimensions and nine main components. The main dimensions include the time of execution of actions, performers and the type of actions, which is the most efficient and least expensive and of course the most effective type of defense in maintaining the national security of a country against the threats of psychological operations of the enemy media and can be of interest to researchers and performers of the soft media defense program.

The purpose of this research is to present a model for developing public relations performance in the Social Security Organization, with a strategic management approach using grounded theory based on Strauss and Corbin method. Specialists and experts of the Social Security Organization, as well as prominent university professors in this field, were selected as the statistical population, and the targeted interview with them continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were collected after the interview with the general guidance method in a structured way, and in order to obtain the credibility and validity of the data, two methods of review of the participants and review of non-participating experts were used in the research. The reliability of the model was obtained using Cohen's kappa coefficient 0.77 and it was placed at the level of valid agreement. Finally, the data was presented in the form of information after coding, model validation and processing. In this research, in the open coding section, the number of 104 open codes among 273 concepts; In the axial coding section, 104 primary codes were identified in the form of 33 categories. The Goodness of fit index, in the numerical quantitative part, is equal to 0.581, which is a strong index and shows the overall high quality of the model. The results showed that the intensity of the relationship between the variables was significant.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of Instagram social network with cultural changes among the students of Isfahan University of Technology. This article is a description of the type of correlation and its statistical population was the students living in the dormitory of Isfahan University of Technology in the second semester of 2017-2018 academic year, 340 of whom were selected by simple random method. The data of this research was collected based on two standard questionnaires of Instagram use and cultural changes. This research includes eleven main hypotheses, and finally only one of them was rejected. The findings of this study, with a probability of 95 percent, that the relationship between the use of the Instagram social network and changes in the meta-material dimensions of culture including "values", "norms", "customs", "family culture" and... is meaningful and It has no meaning in the dimension of "religious beliefs". However, the relationship between "use of Instagram" and "change in the material dimensions of culture" has been significant. In the final analysis, it was found that the use of Instagram social network has an effect on the cultural changes of students.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the coverage of fake news in the fields of cinema and music in eight Iranian media. And with this main question of how much fake news in the field of cinema and music has been published in selected Iranian news sources, placed it’s theoretical framework on the theories of "Gatekeeping" and "Agendasetting". This research was conducted using quantitative content analysis and its statistical population is all the news published in the last three months (1st of January to 29th of March 2017) in selected news sources. In the field of news, this survey was in the form of a total count and sampling was not done, but in the field of news sources, non-random sampling was targeted. News sources include news agencies, news databases, newspapers & social networks, and two media were selected from each category. In 2016, the Alexa website introduced the most visited news sources whit the website, which were selected from among the news agencies, Fars, Young Journalists Club (YJC), and from among the news sites such as Tabnak & Asr_e Iran. Among the newspapers, Hamshahri and Jam_e_jam were selected due to their high print circulation numbers and their cultural and artistic approach, and the two Telegram channels @Khabar_Fouri and @akharinkhabar were selected due to the high number of followers. The reason for choosing this period of time, was also because most of the film and music events are held in the winter season due to the coincidence with the Fajr decade. The findings of the research show that the coverage of fake news in the field of cinema was with an average of 3.69 and music with an average of 1.91, thus the coverage of fake news in the field of cinema was more than music.

In today’s world, the transparency of activity and performance is one of the main indicators of democratic organizations and governments in gaining public trust and legitimacy. Based on this, the current research was carried out with the aim of "identifying strategies for promoting transparency in Iranian media". For this purpose, 48 managers, specialists and professors of communication sciences, media, sociology and law were selected using purposeful sampling and studied with qualitative content analysis method with inductive approach. The research tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview and the interviews continued until information saturation. Glasser coding was used for data analysis. After summarizing the interviews, 145 codes were obtained in open coding, 36 codes in selective coding, and 14 codes and main categories in theoretical coding. Also, member control technique was used to confirm the validity of the findings and the opinions of the steering committee members were used to confirm the reliability. The findings include creating a free flow of information; promotion of media freedom to the government; formation of the media system organization; Strengthening independent and specialized activist media; strengthening civil institutions; Education and training of media forces; providing media training to managers of organizations and public relations; Implementation of public media education plan; Developing a comprehensive media transparency system; promoting the culture of demand and criticism; media stylistics and audience studies; media accreditation; media future studies; It was the provision of technological media infrastructure. The findings showed that in order to promote transparency in Iranian media, it is necessary to apply strategies at the micro and macro levels of the country's media system.