فصلنامه مددکاری اجتماعی
سال یازدهم شماره 39 (بهار 1401)

Academic procrastination is one of the common factors in a student's life that makes examining variables affecting it, such as academic motivation necessary. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing on the status of academic procrastination in pupils studying at a high school. 

This study was an experimental one with a pre-test, a post-test, and a control group. The statistical population includes all first and secondary high school students in the city of Bukan in the academic year 2018-2019. Forty students were selected by random multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of an experimental and control group of twenty people each. The independent variable was the motivational interview training package based on Fields's 2006 model, which was applied to the experimental group in five ninety-minute sessions, while the control group followed its normal program. The instrument used in the study was the procrastination scale by Lay 1986. For analyzing data, univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. 

The results showed that the academic procrastination of the experimental group decreased compared to the control group.

Therefore it can be concluded that this program is an effective intervention and has improved the motivation level of pupils and reduced their academic procrastination.

Acquired disability is a peculia phenomenon that can lead to different personal and social experiences. This phenomenon, which is caused accidentally, poses serious challenges to an independent person who was able to do his/her tasks and leads to different and deep experiences for the disabled person, family, and relatives. This study was to explore lived experience and the meaning that disability has for people who experienced acquired disability. 

This research has been carried out with phenomenological methods as a qualitative research method. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with eight acquired disabled individuals. The research participants were selected through purposeful sampling and the snowball method. Data collection was continued until saturation.

The data obtained from the interview was analyzed by thematic analysis and after analyzing and coding and combining them, abstracted into seven main themes, including living in suffering, disbelief to limitation, return to childhood, volatile hope, supportive spouse/mother, destiny and social construction of disability. 

People with acquired disabilities have peculiar experiences that are often tough, and makes enduring living very painful. Comparing current and previous conditions doubles the suffering they experience. Despite this, they keep hope for better living conditions and try to adapt to the new situation.

In a healthy life, the role of sexual and psychological activity is significant. On the other hand, the cause of many marital failures and incompatibilities is due or related to sexual matters and issues. Therefore the purpose of this study was to study the quality of sexual relations between divorce-seeking couples.

The statistical population of the study included all couples in Amol city who filed for the divorce between October to December 2019. The data was saturated with twenty couples. The method of data collection in this study was a semi-structured interview and answering questions that were validated by the three-sided method. The method of analyzing the research findings was done by examining the overt and covert content of the data obtained from the statements and answering questions in a coded manner.

The findings were analyzed using the coding method. Results showed eleven subcodes for women and men. A total of five original codes were obtained; including sexual stages, sexual problems, sexual orientation, sexual role, and sexual aberrations. Also, the results showed that most men and women had strong sexual desire.

As a result, couples seeking divorce were of lower quality in their sexual relationships, and women had more problems than men.

The quality of marital life is affected by various factors. A review of researchs shows that personality traits are key factor in the matrimonial. But there is a research gap in the mediating role of the spouse's value system and the couple's performance. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the structural relationships of marital life  quality based on pathological personality traits based on the mediating role of the spouse's value system and the couple's performance.

The present study method was correlational with the structural model approach. The statistical population was the student couples in Islamic Azad Universities, Research Sciences Branch, and Roudehen Branch; from which three hundred seventy-eight people were selected using the available method. The couple's responded research tools included the Lichter and Carmal marital quality of life questionnaire 2004 with six subscales, the Personality pathological questionnaire (PID-5-BF) Krueger et al 2012, the questionnaire of the mate value system (MVS) of Edlund and Sagarin 2014 and the questionnaire of mate performance of the Apostolou et al 2018. The data were analyzed after collection using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Analytical fitness indices showed that the structural model has an acceptable fit with the collected data. The overall path coefficient between the pathological traits of personality with marital quality of life was negative and significant at the level of one hundredth. The path coefficient between the couple's performance and the spouse's value system with marital quality of life was negative and significant at the level of one hundredth. The indirect path coefficient between the pathological traits of personality and marital quality of life with mediate the spouse value system and with mediate couple performance was negative and significant at the level of one hundredth. The results also showed that the spouse's value system and the couple's performance mediate the relationship between marital quality of life and the character's pathological traits.

Based on the results, personality traits play an important role in improving the quality of marital life of couples and can improve it by strengthening the spouse's value system of the  and the couples's performance.

People's tendency to risky behaviors is an important social issue that has affected the quality of life of people, social ties, human capital, and social health of communities. This study was to explain the influence of rural sociological factors on the tendency to high-risk behaviors using Durkheim anomie theories, Sutherland differential linkage, Park and Bridges ecology, Hershey social control, Alexander adaptation, Seaman social alienation, and Cohen subculture. 

The research method is survey type; the data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is all people over eighteen years old in the villages of Rudsar county based on the 2016 census were six thousand two hundred-five. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula of four hundred people. The sampling method is cluster sampling.  

The research findings showed that the average tendency of villagers to high-risk substance abuse behavior is lower than the hypothetical average.

Inferential analysis of the hypotheses confirmed the influence of cultural, social, ecological, and individual factors on people's tendency to risky behaviors. By comparing regression coefficients, the variable of cultural factors has more effect than other variables on the villagers' tendency to high-risk behaviors.

One of the factors that cause academic achievement is vitality in education. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of family communication patterns and academic optimism in predicting vitality in the education of Ahwaz high school students. 

The population of this descriptive and correlational study; included all first high school female students in Ahvaz, of which three hundred students were selected as the sample; through multi-step cluster random sampling. The academic optimism questionnaire of Shannon Moran et al 2011, the academic vitality questionnaire by Hussein Chari and Dehghani Zadeh 2012 and the revised questionnaire of the communicative model of the family by Ritchie and Fitzpatrick 1994 employed to gather data. Data were analyzed through descriptive frequency tables such as mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics such as Pearson's correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis by SPSS. 

The results showed that there was a significant relationship between family communicative patterns of dialogue and conformity with vitality in education.(P<0.01) Also there was a positive significant relationship between all sub-scales of academic optimism and educational optimism.(P<0.01) Analyzing the data using multivariate regression also shows that family communication patterns and academic optimism are playing part in the illustration and prediction of variance of vitality in education.  

The results showed the variables of family communication patterns and academic optimism play an significant role in explaining and predicting the variance of vitality in education.