فصلنامه مطالعات فرهنگی اجتماعی خراسان
سال هفدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 65، پاییز 1401)

The present study has a mixed-methods, sequential exploratory design and aimed to explore girls' perceptions of and reasons for delaying marriage. The population of the qualitative part of the research was all the single girls over 27 years of age in South Khorasan province who lived in Birjand city for educational and occupational reasons, that using sampling method, 13 people selected as participants. The statistical population of the quantitative part of the study, using available sampling method, 90 people selected the statistical sample. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Maxqda10 software and smart pls3 were used for data analysis. The results identified four dimensions associated with girls’ delayed age at marriage, namely economic, cultural, social, and demographic dimensions. The economic (0.54) and cultural (0.51) dimensions explained of delay marriages changes in research. Therefore, the economic dimension has a more effective role in explaining girls’ delayed marriages. In general, these dimensions explained 0.82 of the changes in the delayed marriages of girls in south Khorasan province. The results further showed that both the financial independence and, conversely, the lack of employment of girls were the most important economic components affecting girls’ delay in marrying. Moreover, customs and a negative attitude toward marriage are considered the most important cultural factors affecting girls’ marrying age in south Khorasan province. Based on the results of this research, provincial managers and policymakers should take a special look at resolving economic and cultural issues in order to reduce the marrying age of girls in south Khorasan province.

After the Islamic Revolution, Astan Quds Razavi was considered throughout the Islamic world as the most important religious center of Iran because of its appointment to the royal court of Samen al-Hajj Hazrat Ali ibn Musayat al-Reza (peace be upon him). The role of organizational managers in achieving this lofty goal is an irreplaceable and undeniable one, and they are expected to use their maximum power and prevailing capacities to solve existing challenges and correct current shortcomings. The present study aimed to identify and develop the competencies of strategic managers of Astan Quds Razavi Organization for holding managerial positions, select managers based on the results, and explain the basic indicators of their evaluation, training, and development. To this end, four research questions were examined: 1) What are the dimensions of the competence of the shrine’s strategic managers? 2) What are the components of the competencies of the shrine’s strategic managers? 3) Is the model extracted from the research valid? 4) What is the prioritization of the competencies of the shrine’s strategic managers? The current research employed a combined research method. In the qualitative part of the research, a number of experts and managers of the holy shrine were interviewed. Content analysis was used. The final model was extracted in 10 dimensions (planning, organizing, leadership, mobilization of resources and facilities, knowledge, technical skills, faith commitments, communication skills, interpersonal skills, and perceptual skills) and 43 components. Then, in the quantitative part of the research, a questionnaire was distributed among 98 managers and heads of the holy shrine of Razavi to assess the model. To check the validity, a confirmatory factor was used, and the obtained values indicated the validity of the instrument. The instrument’s reliability was approved by Cronbach's alpha. Finally, data analysis was performed with structural equation modeling and Friedman's rank test using Smart PLS software. The results showed that all dimensions and components of competencies were approved. In the next step, the dimensions and components of managers' competencies were prioritized using the Farid Man test method. The dimensions of competencies in order of priority are: faith commitments, technical skills, organization, mobilization of resources and facilities, planning, communication skills, perceptual skills, leadership, knowledge, and finally interpersonal skills.

The current research has dealt concisely with the meanings of the heart, the position and role of the heart in religion, the Qur'an, hadiths, mysticism, philosophy, and literature, including the place of the heart in mysticism and literature. Given the importance of the Hazaragi dialect, one of the most important and oldest dialects in Greater Khorasan, and considering the use of allusions in dialects that are important from linguistic, psychological, and sociological aspects, we have tried to animate the word "heart," which is one of the central words in this dialect. To this end, we examined and analyzed allusions in the Hazaragi dialect. This research employed the descriptive method and a content analysis approach. The findings show that "heart" in the Hazaragi dialect has ironic combinations and expressions of "anthropology," "animalism," and "human/animalism," and among these, humanism of the heart is the most frequent and important. Even in other types of animism, the human trace is very prominent, which shows the imagination of the speakers of this dialect, who believe in soulless phenomena and consider the heart as a human, animal, and living being.

Folk literature comprises various manifestations of the culture and civilization of each nation, demonstrated in the form of legends, stories, songs, etc. The legends of Birjand are an illustrative and important example of the external display of the culture of the desert regions of Iran. This article aims to answer the following questions by examining the fantasy components in Birjand's legends using an analytical-descriptive 1. What kind of fantasy and what characters and heroes are more frequent in Birjand's legends? 2. What are the tricks in Birjand legends to connect the real world and the wonderful world?Representing the features of fantasy in twenty-three legends of Birjand, the results indicated that five of the twenty-three legends are of the animal fantasy type. The characters are static, and other than humans, demons and supernatural beings sometimes play roles and are given human characteristics. These characters reach their goals through the functions and tricks of magic. The main and secondary characters are always with each other and end the story by doing strange and magical tricks and amazing feats. These legends have a simple design and structure, and they all have direct and indirect messages, which each reader is free to understand based on the spiritual and social conditions and the atmosphere of the legend, Most of the legends also have social concepts. convey to the reader, which itself expresses the polyphonic feature of these legends. Moreover, some of them are of the awareness type according to the climatic and social conditions.

Between 1313 and 1320 ASH and during the governorship of Fethullah Pakravan, Mashhad underwent many changes. This article examines these developments in order to answer the basic question of, “What effect did the construction measures of Pakravan have on the physical development of Mashhad?” The establishment of new places and its multiplicity in the city of Mashhad strengthen the assumption that a paradigm-shift has formed in the construction of this period. In general, these places include three categories: 1) Educational, cultural, and health institutions; 2) Factories, and 3) Streets and squares. These factors, in addition to the expansion of the urban space, have promoted the level of urban culture, populization, labor recruitment, and easy access for people to different parts of the city. According to these explanations, the components of the expansion of Mashhad are: 1) How to expand new civilizational institutions in the city; and 2) How to form new thoughts and ideas in relation to urban development. This article describes and analyzes the cases of physical expansion of Mashhad and related issues. Based on the nature of the subject, this research is presented in a descriptive and analytical method and based on library and documentary sources.

The belief bases of a doctrine state what type of program should be designed to train people who believe in that doctrine to help others accept the relationship between belief bases and the educational program and content based on a logical argument. The present research examined the strategies for deepening religious beliefs and piety in students of Farhangian University of South Khorasan based on the Holy Qur'an and Nahj al-Balaghah and appreciation of God. The main question addressed in this research is, “What roles do piety based on the Holy Quran, Nahj al-Balagha, and gratitude to God the Almighty as two elements of religiosity play in deepening the religious beliefs of students? The statistical population comprised all male and female students of the University of South Khorasan, which included 1600 students, and a sample size of  300 students (150 males and 150 females) from the university's subsidiary campus was selected. A researcher-made questionnaire was prepared After examining the preliminary questionnaires and included 25 items. It was randomly distributed among the 300 participants in the research sample. The data collected was measured and analyzed using SPSS software. Butler's Cruyte test was used to measure sample adequacy, and Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was used for reliability. T-test was used to compare the level of adherence to divine piety and the necessity of gratitude to God between male and female students. The significance value of the T-test for divine piety and gratitude was 0.93 and 0.89, respectively, indicating that the average responses of participants for divine piety were the same for males and females with no significant difference between them. Qualitative results showed that meditation and Calculation of breath, calmness of heart, sense of responsibility, trust in God, and attention to divine power in affairs are the reasons for strengthening religiosity.