فصلنامه علوم زیستی ورزشی
پیاپی 55 (زمستان 1401)

Oxidative stress and the production of nitrogen (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis and the progression of MS. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on disease severity, NRF2 protein levels, and xanthine oxidase in the spinal cord in the chronic period of the disease.Thirty female C57Bl6 mice (6-8 weeks) were divided into voluntary exercise, EAE, and healthy control. After induction of EAE by MOG35-55 and after the mice showed the clinical score of one for two consecutive days, they performed one hour of voluntary exercise, five days, for four weeks. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the spinal cord tissue was removed. The location of NRF2 proteins in the gray and white matter of the spinal cord were investigated by immunohistochemistry, and xanthine oxidase was measured by xanthine oxidase kit according to the kit manufacturer's instructions by ELISA method.Voluntary exercise increased NRF2 protein levels in the white matter (P = 0.0001) and gray matter of the spinal cord (P = 0.0001) and decreased xanthine oxidase levels in the spinal cord (P = 0.001), and attenuated disease severity in the chronic period (P = 0.01).Voluntary exercise reduces oxidative stress and disease in the chronic period of the disease and is a good strategy for controlling and treating MS.

BAIBA regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, and ANGPTL4 plays a role in lipid metabolism and modulates metabolic control. The method of this research was semi-experimental and the statistical population was men suffering from metabolic syndrome in Ardabil city, 20 of them were selected based on inclusion and randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n = 10) and control (n = 10). Aerobic exercise protocol was performed for 12 weeks, three sessions a week and each session lasted 45 minutes with an intensity of 60 to 70% of maximum heart rate. Blood samples were collected in pre- and post-exercise conditions to measure blood variables. .The results showed that after training intervention, the amounts of BAIBA (p = 0.001), VO2 max (p = 0.001) and HDL (p = 0.001) significantly increased, and ANGPTL4 (p = 0.001), BF (p = 0.001), BMI (P = 0.033), waist size (p = 0.01), TG (p = 0.015) LDL (p = 0.009), TC (p = 0.033) and insulin (p = 0.001) had a significant decrease in the exercise group compared to the control group (p≥0.05). Due to its positive effect of aerobic exercise on serum levels of ANGPTL4, BAIBA and factors related to metabolic risk, can be suggested as a method to activate the pathway of converting white to brown fat and improve the indicators related to metabolic risk for men with metabolic syndrome.

Peripheral artery disease is an important part of the complications of chronic kidney disease. Measuring ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the most reliable method of diagnosing this disease. In this study, the effect of aerobic exercise during hemodialysis on Ankle–Brachial, quality of life and dialysis adequacy was investigated.

In this study, 30 hemodialysis patients (with an average age of 56 ± 4.02 years) were selected from dialysis centers and divided into two training groups (15 people) and control groups (15 people). The exercise group participated in 12 weeks of aerobic exercise (pedaling in a supine position) during dialysis, but the control group underwent the normal treatment routine. Before and after the end of the training period, measured data were collected and statistical analysis was performed by Spss software.

between the average ankle-brachial index(P=0.018), dialysis adequacy(P=0.004), health-related quality of life(P=0.000), physical performance(P=0.000), relationships (P=0.000) and sleep quality (P=0.006) of the training and control groups had a significant difference before and after the intervention. There was a significant relationship between ankle-brachial index changes and quality of life (P=0.05) and dialysis adequacy and quality of life (P=0.025), but no significant relationship was observed between ankle-brachial index and dialysis adequacy(P=0/920).

Aerobic exercise during hemodialysis has a significant effect on reducing Ankle –Brachial index, increasing the adequacy of dialysis and the quality of life of patients. Therefore, this type of exercise can be used to reduce heart disease and improve the quality of life of patients.

Infection in infancy increases the level of anxiety. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a course of swimming exercises and minocycline medication after childhood infection on the level of anxiety and malondialdehyde levels in the hippocampus and peripheral cortex of NMRI mice.

In order to induce infection, on the third and fifth day after birth, the animals received lipopolysaccharide for 15 days. Animals were divided into 5 groups, consist of control, LPS; LPS+ Min; LPS + Ex and LPS+ Ex +Min were divided. The duration of the course was 4 weeks and the dose of minocycline was 20 mg/kg. The Open Field test anxiety was used to measure anxiety levels. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of 0.05 was used.

MDA levels in the LPS group were the highest in both the hippocampus and prefrontal sections compared to the Control group (P ≥ 0.05). The percentage of hippocampal MDA changes in the LPS+Min+EX group decreased by 14% compared to the control group, and the prefrontal MDA of the LPS+Min+EX group increased by 20% compared to the control group. So that the elapsed time and the number of entries in the Open Field test were increased in the LPS+Min+Ex group compared to other groups and decreased in the LPS group (P ≤ 0.05).

The results showed that swimming exercise and minocycline can change the effects of anxiety caused by childhood infection with changes in MDA.

Exercise training with Urtica dioica extract consumption increase the expression of genes involved in the conversion of white to brown adipose tissue, but their combined effect is not clear. This study designed to investigate the effect of Urtica dioica extract consumption and aerobic training on PGC-1α and UCP1gene expression and FGF21 and irisin serum concentrations in diabetic rats.

Seventy male Wistar rats (weight; 227.35 ± 18.52 g) were randomly divided to healthy control, diabetic control, Urtica dioica, metformin, training, Urtica dioica + training and metformin + training groups. The training groups swam for four weeks, 5 day per week from 15 minutes (in the first week) to 50 minutes (in the fourth week). Urtica dioica and metformin groups received 1.25 and 100 mg / kg of these two substances, respectively. Blood samples, muscles, pancreas and fat (visceral) were taken to evaluate the research variables. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test with a significance level of 0.05 was used to analyze the data.

The concentration of Irisin in the treatment groups were significantly higher than the diabetic control group (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the serum FGF21 concentration. Significant increase in expression of PGC-1α and UCP1 genes was observed in all treatment groups compared to healthy control and diabetic control groups (P<0.05).

Concomitant consumption of Urtica dioica extract and swimming training reduces blood glucose and activates the expression of PGC-1α and UCP1 genes, which play a role in the browning of adipose tissue.

Overweight and obesity in children are the underlying cause of cardiovascular problems that occur through Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction, However, physical training has a beneficial effect on the ANS. These changes can be measured through Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indices. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of five weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on HRV and Rate Pressure Product (RPP) of overweight girls.

In this research, overweight students in the range of +2 < BMI Z- SCORE <1+ participated in the Experimental and the Control groups. Before and after five weeks of HIIT intervention, the participants underwent the Shuttle Run test to estimate maximal oxygen consumption and the Six-Minute Walking test to estimate maximal fat oxidation (MFO) during exercise. Root Mean Square of Successive Difference (RMSSD) of the R-R wave interval of the heartbeat was recorded to measure resting HRV and also systolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded to measure resting RPP in the first and the last week. Data analysis was done using dependent t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with a significance level of p<0.05.

the results showed that in the training group, five weeks of HIIT intervention caused significant changes in RMSSD, RPP, and MFO of overweight girls (P<0.05). However, in the control group, the indices did not change significantly (P>0.05).

RMSSD, RPP, and MFO indices can be used as suitable and efficient alternatives to identify children at risk and therapeutic processes before puberty.