Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

Pre-diabetes is a risk state for the future development of type 2 diabetes. The risk factors for prediabetes have been categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable. However, conclusive evidence regarding the risk factors associated with pre-diabetes in adolescence is still lacking. This study aims to answer the question of: which risk factors are most associated with the incidence of prediabetes in adolescents?

This review was conducted in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases using the keywords of “modifiable risk factors”, “non-modifiable risk factors”, “pre-diabetes” and “adolescent” in the time frame of 2010 to 2021. Eligibility criteria were determined based on the (population, intervention, comparison and outcomes) PICOS guidelines. Reference list from identified studies was used to augment the search strategy. Two authors assessed the quality and risk of bias of the studies using National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality assessment tool. Qualitative analysis method was used to review the articles. Based on this, components such as purpose, methodology, risk factors, measurement method and main findings were extracted. 

As a result of the initial search, 3982 studies were obtained. All duplicates, case reports, reviews and non-English studies were excluded. A total of ten articles that met the pre-defined eligibility criteria were included in this review. The quality of included studies was mostly in the good category. Overall, the association between risk factors and adolescents’ prediabetes appeared to be strongest among modifiable factors such as physical activity, poor diet, smoking, and cardiometabolic factors. The most significant modifiable factor was body mass index (BMI) and the most significant non-modifiable factor was gender.

Considering the prominent role of modifiable risk factors in the occurrence of prediabetes in adolescents, it seems necessary to include lifestyle modification programs for this age group. It is also important to pay attention to gender as a non-modifiable factor in the development of prediabetes in adolescents.

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are among the important and highly complex issues in public health. School age children have been encouraged to participate in ongoing household MBDs control activities such as source reduction, as part of MBDs control efforts. Numerous school-based health education studies have been conducted worldwide on the interventions to prevent MBDs. However, the results are still varied and uncertain. This systematic review aims to answer the question of:” Are school-based educational programs able to improve students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices about mosquito-borne diseases?”.

This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A systematic literature search was performed using Sciencedirect, Cochrane library, PubMed, ProQuest, and the Wiley Online Library in the time period of 2000 to 2021. Eligibility criteria was determined according to PICOS guidelines. Quality and risk of bias of the studies were assessed by the effective public health practice project tool (EPHPP) and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB-2), respectively. Data were analyzed qualitatively, by looking at the number of participants, study design, and the main results obtained in each of the included studies.

In the initial search, 1,424 studies were found. Duplicates, those not relevant to students and MBDs, review articles, case reports, dissertations and non-English articles were eliminated. Twenty-three studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Overall, there was an increase in knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding MBSs. However, knowledge appears to be the most important variable targeted by the included studies. All studies stated a significant increase in knowledge.

The effect of the educational interventions on knowledge was more prominent. Future studies need more specialized educational interventions to have a stronger impact on students’ attitudes and performance. Further research is also needed to generate stronger evidence and evaluate the long-term impact of these interventions on students’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice. The results of this review can be a guide to carry out appropriate interventions in elementary schools.

Hypothermia is usually used during cardiac surgery to further protect against cardiac and cerebral ischemia. However, cognitive impairment could be a common complication after open heart surgery. This study aims to determine the effect of rewarming on the cognitive status of patients after open heart surgery. 

The present study was conducted as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial at Tehran Heart Center, Tehran, Iran. In this clinical trial, 80 patients referred for open heart surgery were selected and randomly assigned into the intervention (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. In the intervention group, rewarming the mattress was started after the patient entered the intensive care unit. Warming continued until the patient’s body temperature reached the normothermia level (37°C to 37.5°C). The data were collected by demographic-clinical questionnaire and Mini-Mental State Examination at three time points: before, 7 days, and 1 month after the surgery. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics, independent t test, chi-square test, repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t test. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.

The difference between the mean±SD scores of cognitive status in the intervention group before the surgery (28.73±0.87), 7 days (27.63±1.03), and 1 month after the surgery (28.93±1.21) was significant (P=0.008). The difference between the mean±SD scores of cognitive status in the control group before the surgery (28.42±1.02), 7 days (26.61±0.86), and 1 month after the surgery (27.85±1.06) was also significant (P=0.042). The results indicated that the mean score of cognitive status improves after 1 month, and it is greater in the intervention group (F=20.37, df=2, P<0.001). Significant differences were observed between the first and second time of measurements (P<0.0001) and also the second and third time of measurements (P<0.0001).

Rewarming patients after open heart surgery improves their cognitive status. Therefore, this procedure can be used as a safe and non-invasive method to prevent cognitive complications by nurses after open heart surgery.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, care for cancer patients may be disrupted for several reasons, leading to disease progression. Home-Based palliative care, if properly managed, can provide easy and safe access to care services for these patients. This study aimed to explore stakeholders’ perceptions of home-based palliative care for cancer patients during the pandemic.

This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis in Tehran, Iran, in 2021. By purposeful sampling, 19 participants, including cancer patients receiving home-based care services from the Iranian Cancer Control Center (MACSA) and their families, as well as the homecare providers, were recruited. The study data were generated by conducting 19 semi-structured interviews and a focus group session and analyzed based on the method proposed by Lundman and Graneheim.

Qualitative analysis of the data revealed 5 main categories: “need for remote services”, “disease transmission reduction”, “management requirements”, “burnout”, and “reducing hospital workload.” 

The use of telemedicine, the existence of call centers, and the designing of appropriate guidelines, along with the help of qualified personnel, prevent the transmission of COVID-19 to cancer patients in-home palliative care and lead to the provision of comprehensive care to these patients. This approach to care helps avert staff burnout and reduces the number of occupied beds in hospitals.

With increased life expectancy and changes in lifespan, now women spend more years after menopause. Women with menopausal symptoms may experience a lower quality of life (QoL) and complain about poor sleep quality. This study aimed to examine the relationship between QoL and sleep quality in postmenopausal women.

This research was a predictive correlational study. The study sample was 200 postmenopausal women referred to the healthcare centers affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Mashhad City, Iran, in 2021. The subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling. To assess the quality of sleep and life quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Menopause-Specific QoL questionnaire (MENQOL) were used. The obtained data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression in SPSS software, version 21. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

The mean±SD age of the subjects was 53.92±6.13 years. Their mean±SD scores of sleep quality and QoL were 48.62±21.98 and 4.93±2.74, respectively, and 37% of women had sleep disorders. The multiple determination coefficient for the linear regression model was equal to 0.35, and there was a significant direct relationship between sleep quality and QoL (b=3.72, 95% CI =2.70-4.74, P<0.001). So for each unit change in sleep quality, the average QoL score increased by 3.72 units.

Considering the relationship between sleep quality and QoL in postmenopausal women, it is recommended that these women use appropriate methods to improve sleep quality. Also, health professionals should keep this issue in mind when examining the health status of this group of women.

Participation in peer social groups could be used in health promotion programs for the elderly. The current study investigates the effectiveness of participation in a peer social support network intervention on the self-management of the elderly with type 2 diabetes. 

This research is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-pos-ttest design with a control group conducted in 2019. Two health centers were selected as research settings from a single district in Qom Province, Iran. From each center, 46 subjects were randomly selected. Subjects in the intervention group participated in a peer social support network for 3 months (12 sessions), and the control group received only usual care. The outcome variable was self-management. The components of this variable include the level of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), diabetes distress (measured with Diabetes Distress Scale), awareness (measured with Davoodi’s knowledge of diabetes questionnaire), attitude (measured with diabetes attitude scale [DAS-3]), self-efficacy (measured with diabetes empowerment scale, [DES-28]), weight and blood pressure. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. The obtained data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-Square, and Fisher test in SPSS software, version 22. The significance level was set at less than 0.5.

The change in mean HbA1C of the intervention and control groups at baseline and 6-month follow-up was -0.7 and 0.1, respectively, which was significant (P≤0.0001). Moreover, the difference in changes in the mean values of diabetes distress (P=0.008), self-efficacy (P≤0.0001), and attitude (P≤0.0001) were significant. No significant changes were found in knowledge, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P>0.05). 

The formation of social support groups may help control blood sugar in the elderly with type 2 diabetes. Seemingly, social groups can mainly impact through psychological factors such as distress control, attitude improvement, and self-efficacy enhancement.

Self-care of adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the challenges of the health care system. CHD is a common chronic disease that affects the quality of life (QoL) and self-efficacy of adolescents. This study compares the effectiveness of self-care education by face-to-face method and video clip (VC) on self-efficacy and QoL in late adolescents with CHD.

This research was a non-randomized clinical trial. A total of 111 late adolescents aged 18 to 21 years with CHD referred to Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical, and Research Center in Tehran, Iran, were recruited by convenience sampling and non-randomly assigned to either control, face-to-face (F2F), or VC groups (37 subjects in each group). The F2F group participated in two educational sessions (each lasted 35-45 minutes) with an interval of one week, and the VC group received a 90-minute video to watch at home. The study data were collected before (T1) and two months after the intervention (T2), using the Generalized Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale and World Health Organization’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed in SPSS version 19 software using the Chi-square test, Fisher test, paired t test, Scheffé test, and ANOVA. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

Before the intervention, demographic variables, self-efficacy, and QoL were not significantly different in the three groups. The self-efficacy significantly increased in the F2F (P<0.004) and VC groups (P<0.031) at T2. Furthermore, QoL dimensions significantly improved in the F2F and VC groups (P<0.05), except for the environment dimension (P>0.05).

Self-care education through F2F and VC significantly affects the self-efficacy and QoL of late adolescents. Such educational programs can greatly reduce the possible complications of the disease by empowering this group.

Marital trust as a fiduciary relationship is very important for ensuring the continuity of married life, and identifying its factors are critical. Female nurses are prone to marital problems due to involvement in stressful jobs with different work shifts and long working hours. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of covert aggression in relationships between attachment behaviors and marital trust in female nurses.

This correlational study was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) from March to June 2021. The statistical population consisted of all married female nurses (aged 25-55 years) working in hospitals in Shiraz City, Iran. Of whom, 310 were selected as the sample through two-stage cluster random sampling. The research instruments included the Trust in Close Relationships scale, the brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement (BARE) scale, and the couples relational aggression and victimization scale (CRAViS). The proposed model was evaluated by SEM, and indirect relationships were examined using the Bootstrap method in AMOS-24. The significance level was considered to be 0.05.

The results showed that both indirect paths of dimensions of attachment behaviors and a marital trust, mediated by covert aggression (destruction of social image and emotional withdrawal), were statistically significant (P<0.05). In addition, the results demonstrated a significant and direct relationship between dimensions of attachment behaviors and marital trust (P<0.01).

The study results show the acceptable goodness of fit of the proposed model. Therefore, policymakers, family consultants, and psychiatric nurses are recommended to pay special attention to the effects of attachment behaviors and covert aggression on the marital trust of female nurses.