نشریه حکمرانی و توسعه
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

Since co-production can be productive through the possibility to create synergies between the government and civil society with a positive impact on social capital and because of its potential to deal with a wide range of factors hindering the provision of public service, the present article tries to use the documentary method, and library method of resources and related management texts, first, review the key concepts, diverse and emerging meanings of public value, and finally discuss the role of co-production of public value. The paper expresses a better understanding of the concept of public value and the significant role of the co-production of public values in the development of society.

The main challenge of the developing countries is to measure the government performance, especially the health subsystem. In Iran, policies and institutional frameworks, especially the general policies of the health system, emphasize on measuring the performance of the health sector. The current state of health indicates the government inability to implement these policies. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the application of the government's performance evaluation model in the field of health, based on the Institutional Isomorphism theory.124 concepts and 20 components were classified under 4 main categories that affect government performance evaluation, including "cultural and value factors", "economic factors", "laws and policies" and "structural-technological factors".

The most central theme, the concept of the right to development, and the relationship between society and state, was discussed by studying the human development index, and it was shown that there was no efficient collective will for the course of development, and consequently, legal guarantees and legal obligations to the realization of the scheme of life of society, with the universal consciousness of the right to development, which is part of human rights and fundamental rights, as well as liberty, justice and equality have been claimed.

Moving toward developing the country's position in economic, scientific and technological fields requires managing the implementation of policies in the field of information and communication technology in a correct and planned way. The purpose of this research is to provide a model of factors affecting the implementation of Iran's ICT policies with the help of the fuzzy Delphi technique. This research is based on the objective, of an applied type, because it is trying to use the results of the research in the ICT Ministry of and Telecommunication Company of Iran. Data collection has been done based on library and field methods and experts' opinions. The research data collection instrument is the formation of an expert panel to identify the key variables extracted from the research literature and the Delphi questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is experts and managers of the Ministry of ICT and affiliated organizations, 15 qualified people were selected non-randomly and purposefully as a sample. In this research, the members of the Delphi panel examined a total of 23 factors in the form of 10 components as effective factors in the implementation of policies in the field of ICT and finally identified 18 factors as the main factors that The resulting indicators are presented as a conceptual model as well as a proposed framework for the implementation of ICT policies.

Policy refers to a set of standard principles that guide a course of action. Many public policies are legally binding, meaning that individuals and institutions in the public and private sectors must follow them. On the other hand, the policies created by private institutions are not legally required, but they are required to be followed within the institution. In public organizations, especially municipalities, the participation of employees in the effective implementation of public policies plays a decisive role due to the close relationship between employees and citizens as street-level bureaucrats.  The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the components of employee participation in the implementation of public policies. The model used in this research is a combination of goal-oriented and expert-oriented. In this research, the Delphi method was used to identify the components of employee participation in the implementation of public policies. In this regard, using the opinions well experienced 18 experts in public policy making, combining the components extracted from the theoretical bases of the research and the components proposed by the experts, A questionnaire was provided to them in two stages to identify and determine the final components and the importance of each component in the level of employee participation in the implementation of public policies., and After analyzing the results, 9 main components and 58 indicators identified and the importance of each were determined. The identified components according to their importance are, the component of expertise and skill of the performers; the component of the behavioral factors of the performers; structural component; managerial and executive component; group component; cultural component; economic component; environmental component and legal component. Finally, in order to improve the level of employee participation in the implementation of policies some recommendations were given.

To collect data, Ikrami et al.'s employee participation questionnaire (2013) and Ahmadi et al.'s organizational learning questionnaire (2013) were used. Also, in measuring extra-responsibility behaviors, Bahlul questionnaire (2013) was used for knowledge sharing dimension, Farkhandeh questionnaire (2014) for creativity dimension, and McCrae and Costa (1992) questionnaire for conscientiousness dimension. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the reliability of the questionnaires and model fit indices were used to estimate the conceptual model of the research. The test of the research model was done based on structural equation modeling method and Lisrel software. The results showed that organizational learning has a positive effect on employee participation and extra-responsible behaviors. Employee participation has a positive effect on extra-responsible behaviors. Also, employee participation has a mediating role in the relationship between organizational learning and extra-responsible behaviors.