مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم
سال شانزدهم شماره 8 (پیاپی 127، آبان 1401)

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. This disease is endemic in parts of Qom province in central Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological characteristics and endemicity of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qom province.

In a cross-sectional study, out of 45 villages located in endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in central and Kahak districts of Qom province, 8 villages were randomly selected. At the end of each seasons, each household was visited and demographic information, infection or history of getting leishmaniasis among people living in these households were recorded in the standard forms.

Out of 4228 people living in 8 endemic leishmaniasis villages in Qom province, 1920 (45.41%) had scars and a history of getting disease. 165 new cases with active lesions were reported. The incidence of the disease in the studied population was 71.49 per 1000 persons. In the present study, 13.33% of patients were under 7 years old and 67.87% were patients over 15 years old. With this description, the study areas were generally classified as hypoendemic areas.

Due to the fact that the condition of the disease in the study areas is hypoendemic. Therefore, personal protection methods against sandfly bites such as the use of mosquito nets, especially mosquito nets impregnated with insecticides, using the nets for doors and windows in residential areas and the use of insect repellent compounds to control the disease in these areas are recommended.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common disease between humans and animals that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Leishmanias cause complex diseases. This disease is reported as endemic in different regions of Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological aspects in patients with leishmaniasis referred to Qom health center from 2015 to 2021.

In this descriptive study, all the people with leishmaniasis who were followed up and treated with a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of Leishmanias disease were under the investigation from April 1395 to the end of March 1400.

According to the obtained results obtained from the total patients with leishmaniasis in Qom province, who were 539 Men (75 percent), and 180 women (25 percent) and most of the patients were between the ages of 20 to 30. 87/3 Percent of the patients had a history of traveling to endemic areas of the leishmaniasis in the past year. The prevalence rate of this disease was higher in the autumn season than in other seasons.32/2 Percent’s of the patient’s people had 3 or more wounds and in 49/3   Percent’s of cases, the wound was in their hands.

Considering the prevalence of leishmaniasis in the studied area in different years, it is necessary to take effective health measures in the field of control and prevention of leishmaniasis.

 Irational use of antibiotics due to microbial resistance and imposing additional treatment costs on the patient is one of the concerns of the medical experts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of retraining course on prescribing antibiotics in general dentists of Qom province.

 In this Educational interventional study, the antibiotics prescribed by general dentists in Qom province included 22418 prescriptions in the form of medical insurance and social security in two intervention groups of 67 people (dentists participating in Retraining in February 2017) and control in two three-month periods (November, December and December 2018) and (May, June and July 2018) were investigated.

 The average number of prescriptions prescribed by each dentist in the intervention group before and after retraining was 62.73 and 72.92 respectively (P value = 0.043) and the amount of prescriptions increased after retraining. The average number of prescriptions in the control group before and after retraining was 96.88 and 100.06 respectively (P value = 0.57) and the prescribed prescriptions did not differ significantly from each other. The average number of prescriptions containing antibiotics prescribed by each dentist before retraining in the intervention and control groups were 62.73 ± 95.48 and 96.88 ± 134.56, respectively, and the number of prescription increased after retraining, but there was no significant difference with each other (P=0.09).

 The educational intervention was relatively unsuccessful in reaching its goals. Lack of sufficient motivation, lack of useful and effective teaching methods, lack of participation in discussions can be involved in these results.

Aluminum is a component of environmental pollutants, which causes neurotoxicity. Berberine is in the group of plant-derived alkaloids such as barberry and its beneficial therapeutic properties in various diseases have been proven. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of berberine on aluminum-induced neurotoxicity.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, berberine-receiving sham, lesions-seeing and berberine-receiving lesions. To induce neurotoxicity, a solution of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) dissolved in distilled water was injected at 5 µL at a dose of 0.37 mg/kg to the left of the dorsal hippocampus. The treated rats received 100 mg/kg of berberine daily from one hour before surgery to one week after surgery and orally. In the fourth week, all groups were tested for behavioral learning and memory using the shuttle box. At the end, malondialdehyde, protein, ROS levels and acetylcholinesterase activity were measured. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and Tukey test.

In the treated AlCl3 group compared to the AlCl3 group, the initial delay was not significantly different but the delay during transit was significantly increased. MDA and ROS levels and acetylcholinesterase activity showed a significant decrease.

The results of this study showed that although treatment with berberine in the lesion group by aluminum chloride did not cause a significant difference in learning in rats, but it significantly improved memory, significantly reduced malondialdehyde, significantly reduced oxygen free radical levels and significantly reduced activity. Acetylcholinesterase and it can be said that berberine with antioxidant properties improved memory and neuroprotection against neurotoxicity caused by aluminum chloride.

 Psychological problems caused by addiction or opioid withdrawal symptoms can increase the risk of re-abuse in patients receiving MMT. This study aimed to Comparison of the combined effect of methadone with sertraline or venlafaxine on mental health indicators of drug abuse patients.

 This study is a clinical trial with a pre-test and post-test design. At first, 40 patients treated with methadone were selected by voluntary sampling and randomly divided into two groups. The first group received venlafaxine and the second group received sertraline during the intervention. Patients were evaluated based on the Anxiety-Stress-Depression Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of covariance at the significance level of 0.05.

 Findings showed that sertraline and venlafaxine effectively affect mental health dimensions, including depression, anxiety, and stress, in patients undergoing MMT (P<0.001(. No significant difference was observed between the effect of sertraline and venlafaxine on depression, anxiety, and stress in these patients ((P<0.05).

 Venlafaxine and sertraline can be used to improve the mental health dimensions of patients undergoing MMT, and due to their similar efficacy, drug selection can be based on the psychiatrist's decision and the extent of drug side effects.

 The liver is exposed to poisoning caused by various chemical compounds. Considering the antioxidant effects found in melon seeds and the role of NF-κB and MPO in the occurrence of inflammation caused by oxidative stress, in the present study the effect of hydroethanolic extract of C. melo seeds on the transcriptional level of NF-κB and MPO genes in ethylene glycol hepatotoxicity induced rats was evaluated.

 The number of 30 rats was randomly divided into 5 groups including healthy groups, poisoned control (0.75% ethylene glycol), and experimental (0.75% ethylene glycol and concentrations of 150, 300, and 500 mg/kg body weight of the extract) and were treated for 38 days. Then, the liver tissue of the rats was removed and transcriptional levels of NF-κB and MPO genes were evaluated by real-time PCR method.

 The transcriptional level of the NF-κB and MPO in the liver of the poisoned control group rats has a significant increase compared to the healthy group. Treatment with hydroethanolic extract of C. melo seeds in concentrations of 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight causes a significant decrease in the transcriptional level of the NF-κB gene in the experimental groups. The treatment of hydroethanolic extract of C. melo seeds in concentrations of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of body weight causes a significant decrease in the transcription of the MPO gene in the experimental groups compared to the poisoned control group.

 The decrease in MPO and NF-κB indicates the therapeutic effect of melon seed extract on liver damage.

Work-life conflict is defined as incompatibility between work and family roles, establishing a balance between these two types of roles is considered a big challenge for nurses, especially new nurses. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of explaining the experiences of new nurses from work-life conflict.

The present research is a qualitative study of the content analysis type, in which the number of 13 novice nurses in Birjand teaching hospitals was selected and sampled using the purpose-based method until data saturation. The samples were novice nurses with 6 months to 1 year of work experience. The data collection method was open and unstructured interviews. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. And data analysis was done simultaneously with sampling.

After analysis, the data in the main four categories (mental anxiety due to family problems, dimming of interests due to shift work, tension in family communication and lack of respect for the family due to irregular schedule) and in 9 subcategories "concern about child care while Work, couple's worry about work shift interference, mental conflict due to illness of family members while working, giving up interests due to rotating shifts, etc.

Since the conflict between work and life has unpleasant consequences such as reduced job satisfaction and leaving the job, and due to the problem of shortage of nurses, managers and planners should take appropriate support measures and focus more on the problems of this group of nurses. such as avoid conflicts.