نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناختی در ورزش
سال دوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 4، پاییز 1401)

Deep analysis of women's issues in sport and especially in the sociology of sport has always been among major scientific approaches and paradigms, and one of the most special discourses in sport is its gender issues. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to represent and analyze gender-dominant discourses in women's sports with a sociological approach.

The current research was qualitative and used a thematic analysis method. Therefore, 150 valid research articles were analyzed and coded based on conceptual commonality and purposive sampling techniques. The textual data with these samples continued until the researcher reached the theoretical saturation stage. The research data were classified in the form of analysis of the topics related to the discourses. In general, from 11 basic (main) themes, 3 organizing themes and finally a semantic theme were extracted, which draws and analyzes the network of themes related to gender dominant discourses in women's sports. The research validation method was also applied based on the presentation and feedback of the research results to the experts for its final approval.

Based on the theme analysis of the research data, three basic themes including the domination of gender norms in sports, media representation of women's sports and gender discrimination in sports were identified, which were able to represent the central theme of gender dominant discourses in women's sports. In a general view, all of the themes extracted at the middle level and the basic concepts at the micro level were all related and there was a close relationship between these categories for drawing gender discourses in women's sports. Based on the network of drawn themes, it can be concluded that the sum of these themes can well represent the semantic theme.

Based on three basic themes, the change in the roles, attitudes and beliefs of the society towards women's sports can change the dominance of gender norms in sports; Quantitative and qualitative representation of women's sports in the media and social media to make appropriate objectification of women's participation; And finally, the establishment of gender equality in rights and benefits, resources, education and management can lead to a better understanding of women's sports and, as a result, create policies and strategic plans in this field.

The present study was conducted to find out how to manage the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona pandemic.

This research is based on Murphy's three-stage model. In Murphy's model, crisis management is examined in three stages: pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis. Based on this model, the basic interview questions were compiled and the qualitative data obtained from the interviews were analyzed, and finally, the qualitative data of crisis management in holding sporting events during the Corona were investigated. This framework was designed according to the crisis life cycle and for each of the pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis stages, the goals, strategies and measures necessary to face the crisis in holding sporting events during the Corona are presented.

According to the findings of pre-crisis research, the main goal is prevention, which is achieved through preparedness and empowerment strategies. In the second stage, the main goal of impact management is pursued through two strategies: action / reaction and harm reduction. Finally, in the post-crisis phase, the strategies were marketing recovery, financial management / operational efficiency, and business resilience.

The results show that managers and organizers of sporting events must adopt the necessary strategies and measures in order to achieve the goals set for each of the pre-crisis, syn-crisis and post-crisis stages. The results of the present study include measures such as pre-crisis forecasting, learning, participation and adaptation to the new post-crisis system, which are important and necessary in crisis management. Therefore, in the pre-crisis stage, the following measures were identified: designing and creating a crisis management system in sports events, planning to prepare sports businesses in the face of possible crises, creating a dynamic system for predicting possible events and crises in sports events and related businesses, creating integration and coordination between internal and external elements of sporting events and related businesses, establishing a comprehensive information management system for forecasting, planning and managing the effects of sporting events, training manpower and managing sporting events and related businesses as the key to success in crisis management. Capacity building to empower actors at sporting events and related businesses, and defining financing mechanisms for businesses to empower them in the face of potential crises are suggested.

This study aims at investigating the relationship of cultural intelligence in the Iran national team canoe-polo athletes with athletic achievement.

This study is descriptive- correlation and the subjects are all Iran national team canoe-polo athletes including 22 individuals (8 males and 14 females). The research method consisted of a researcher-made cultural-sports intelligence questionnaire (with four major dimensions of cognitive, Meta-cognitive, motivational and behavioral). The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed with a 0.94 coefficient of ordinal theta for cultural intelligence. Hypothesis testing was done through the Bayesian Analysis Approach capable of doing structural analysis with a small sample volume by AMOS software.

Findings showed that the measurement model of all tracks the cultural intelligence factor and its dimension together with the amount of achievement at the %95 level. There was not a significant difference between cultural intelligence and none of its dimensions in male and female athletes of Iran national team (0.776 ≥ 0.05).

According to research findings and cultural intelligence ability to be trained as helping keys in reaching athletic achievement, it is recommended that canoe-polo officials and sports managers try to understand the need, plan and train the athletes so that it will be an act of improving the socio-cultural aspect of this issue.

 The present study was conducted to investigate the role of the social status of the brand value on the associations of customers from the water cultural and sports complexes of Birjand city.

 The research method was descriptive-correlative. The statistical population of this research was users of the Birjand aquatic complex, from which 384 people were randomly selected as a sample. The Mohammadi Questionnaire (2011) was used to collect data and Pearson Correlation, Friedman test and regression were used to analyze the data; the research hypotheses were also analyzed using SPSS 25 software. Dimensions of brand equity in this study include brand prominence, brand performance, brand judgment, brand sentiment, brand compliance and brand imagery

The results of this study confirmed the effect of brand equity and its dimensions of the brand value on the associations of customers of the aquatic complex of Birjand city and determined that among the dimensions of brand equity, the brand performance factor has the highest correlation with associations

 Customers' mental associations with the brand in today's marketplace are related to the success and longevity of the brand and are competitive, especially in industrial markets where loyal customers can guarantee the life of a company or destroy it in general. The more positive associations a brand has the greater its brand value and social status because customers recommend using that brand to their friends and acquaintances.

 Despite the advances in science and technology and the dominance of knowledge over human society, superstitious beliefs and behaviors still operate in different societies. Sport is one of the areas that is no exception. The tendency to superstition is a defense mechanism that arises as a result of not believing in one's abilities, the tendency to control and certainty in the future. The purpose of this study is to analyze the dimensions of superstitions in football and futsal athletes in Kerman.

 The research method in terms of type and data analysis is quantitative and field survey. The statistical population of the study consists of 200 football and futsal players in Kerman, which were selected by the stratified sampling method.

The results of this study show that among the various dimensions of superstitious behaviors, the individual, psychological, belief and environmental dimensions have the greatest impact on creating belief and, consequently, superstitious behaviors among the athletes of Kerman.

 The dimensions of superstition are affected by different degrees of influence on athletes which are due to individual differences between research samples.

 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of moral perfectionism on online social behavior with the mediating role of online interpersonal trust and moral identity in students of the country's top sports talent Olympiad.

 The research method is descriptive and field-based. The statistical population of the study included student-athletes of the country's student olympiads. Due to the infinity of the statistical population, the number of samples was 384 people according to Morgan's table and the sampling method was a multi-stage cluster. Research tools included Yang et al.'s (2015), Moral Perfectionism Questionnaire, Igres et al.'s Online Social Behavior Questionnaire (2018), Asura et al.'s online interpersonal trust questionnaire based on Mayer and Mishra model (2015), and Black and Reynolds's Moral Identity Questionnaire (2016). To ensure the validity of the questionnaires, the opinions and guidelines of experts in sports management science were used and their opinions were included in the final questionnaire.

The results showed that moral identity and online interpersonal trust play a mediating role in the relationship between moral perfectionism and online social behavior; Also, the structural model of the research showed a favorable fit according to the index value of GOF = 0.52.

 Therefore it is recommended that paying attention to ethics discussion, especially moral perfectionism and moral identity in schools and their teachings should be included for the development of desirable online social behavior in student-athletes.

 The present research was conducted to develop a sociological model of institutionalizing public sports among the students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah Province.

 A purpose-based, applied research method was utilized based on a hybrid strategy and a descriptive-survey implementation method. The statistical population of the research included all the students of Payam Noor University in Kermanshah province (7000 people) who entered the first semester of 2019-2020 which were selected as a statistical sample by stratified random sampling and based on Morgan's table (364 people). The tool used in this research was the researcher-made questionnaire. In this research, the validity of the questionnaires was examined using content validity and based on the opinion of the university scientific experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.84. In order to analyze the findings and compile the model, the smart PLS statistical software, structural equation model, and confirmatory factor analysis method were used.

 The results showed that the role of the family in institutionalizing public sports with an impact factor of 0.40 and a value of 3.95 t, the role of social media in institutionalizing public sports with an impact factor of 0.77 and a value of 15.640 t, and the role of the university in institutionalizing public sports with an impact factor of 0.32 and a value of 3.94 had a positive and meaningful impact.

 It was found that the role of social media in institutionalizing public sports is more profound than other indicators, and the university's role in this field was weaker than other indicators.

With the rapid increase and expansion of works and writings that deal with the sociological approach to sports, the scientific analysis of the mutual impact of sports and society has been relatively established, and the titles in the collection of sports in the global community are proof of this. Sports in the sense that it is a social phenomenon can be considered a field of sociology. The current research aims to present a paradigmatic model of sports economy development solutions with a sociological approach based on grounded theory.

The research method is mixed. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes experts in economics, sports management, and business management, and in the quantitative section, it includes graduates with master's degrees and PhDs in economics, sport management, and business management. In the qualitative part, the solutions were identified through in-depth interviews with snowball sampling, and the interviews were stopped after theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, after coding, the findings from the interviews were designed in the form of a Likert scale questionnaire, and the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked by experts, and 104 questionnaires were distributed among 130 people of the target class and collected. Through the Friedman test, the solutions for the development of the sports economy were ranked.

In the qualitative part, after the completion of the interviews, the process of open, central and selective coding in 5 categories of causal conditions such as institutionalism in sports, background factors such as the development of expert staff, intervening factors such as the development of researches and researches, effective strategies such as the entry of clubs into the stock exchange and the resulting consequences such as the expansion of entrepreneurship and job creation were identified. In the quantitative section, the factor of transformation in income generation of clubs was identified as the first rank, and the factor of development of research was recognized as the lowest rank.

Based on the paradigm model obtained from this research, sports managers must take advantage of the long-term benefits of sports as a capital good.