نشریه مطالعات جامعه شناختی در ورزش
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 3، تابستان 1401)

Entrepreneurship plays a key role in today's competitive, market-based economy. In other words, in a dynamic economy, ideas, products and services are always changing, and in the meantime, it is the entrepreneur who brings a model for coping and adapting to new conditions. One of the ways to deal with the current changing conditions is the existence of social capital in the entrepreneurial business. The purpose of this study was to present a sports entrepreneurship model with a social capital approach based on data foundation theory.

The research method in this study was qualitative that using the data theory strategy of Strauss and Carbin Foundation, the views of the interviewees about the components of sports entrepreneurship were analyzed with a social capital approach. Participants in the present study were specialists and experts in sports management, sociology and entrepreneurship. Research sampling was based on theoretical method; Sampling continued until the categories reached theoretical saturation. The number of samples was not determined before the research was conducted and the sampling process continued until some information saturation was obtained; This means that no new information is extracted from the data during the interview. Theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 18 people. The tools of the present study were in-depth and exploratory interviews. The validity of the findings was determined by matching methods by members, peer review and pilot interviews. Open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data.

After the interviews, the open, pivotal and selective coding process in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model includes: causal causes such as institutionalizing the culture of entrepreneurship, institutionalizing the culture of teamwork, dynamizing the community economy, central categories such as creating a culture of participation. Creating entrepreneurial thinking in managers, supporting innovative projects and increasing the trust of strategies such as reforming the structure of organizations, entrepreneurship education, equitable distribution of wealth and power. Such as personality traits, social class of individuals, non-competitive environment and consequences such as reducing unemployment, increasing social welfare and improving quality of life were identified.

Social capital has a dynamic and self-evolutionary character. Thus, with the help of social capital, entrepreneurs are able to facilitate social relations in business and thus take steps to maintain and strengthen social cohesion and solidarity, and ultimately the development of their business. Based on the paradigm model obtained from the research, it can be acknowledged that entrepreneurs must use strategies to create and develop social capital in their business to be more successful.

Employees are an important asset for any organization. Organizations around the world are investing their resources in selecting and hiring the most promising and productive employees. Organizations need to focus on their socialization process to create new employees quickly and efficiently. Socialization is the process by which individuals acquire the attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge needed to participate as an organizational member. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between philosophical mentality and thinking style with socialization.

The statistical population consisted of 140 sports in the province of Isfahan province, which were considered as a statistical sample due to limited number. The research method is descriptive and correlational. In this research, standard questionnaires of philosophical mentality, think style and socialization were used. These questionnaires had structural validity and their formal validity and content were also confirmed by experts. Their reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the philosophical mentality questionnaire, 0.86, 0.81, and Society of 0.91. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and predict the variables. The significance level in this research is considered to be 0.05 for testing hypotheses.

The findings showed that the standard coefficient between the dimension of philosophical mentality and sociology was 0.4, afterwards of philosophical mentality and socialization of 0.22 and then the flexibility of philosophical mentality and socialization is 0.61. Also, the standard coefficient between the legal dimension of thinking style and socialization is 0.39, the implementation dimension of the style of thinking and socialization is 0.31 and the judicial dimension of thinking and socialization is 0.337. The values of t were positive for all dimensions of philosophical mentality and positive thinking style and is significant at the diagnostic level of P = 0.01. According to the values of the obtained indices, the predicted model was approved and had a goodness of fit.

By increasing the philosophical mentality of sports authorities and improving their thinking style, their organizational socialization also promotes. Since in this study, the comprehensiveness of philosophical mentality is directly related to socialization, it is recommended that sports managers and officials establish an atmosphere of friendship and empathy with activities and shared guidelines with employees. Also, at the macro level, in the selection and appointment of sports managers and officials, in addition to emphasizing on technical and executive factors, their philosophical minds and thinking styles should also be examined and a fundamental review of the method of appointment should be made.

Marketing efforts are aimed at influencing consumers ' attitudes. Consumer behavior in sports and events is a process that people choose and use to meet their needs and receive benefits, services, and products associated with sports and sports events. One of the important fields in sport is the emergence of sports tourism as one of the branches of tourism. In the previous studies, it has been shown that attracting tourists without proper marketing and advertising programs is not possible. In other words, advertising is a tool that will be used with the knowledge of tourist areas to tourists and convince them to travel. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the psychological factors of Advertising messages and the brand equity for Aquatic sports tourism destinations.

The research method was descriptive correlational. The statistical population of this study was all users of the Mashhad Aquatic Waves Land which using the available sampling method according to Morgan table 384 were selected as the statistical sample. To collect the data by using the pleasure and arousal sensations questionnaire used in Mehrabian and Russell (1974) and the brand equity questionnaire used in Aaker (1991) this research was done. Their reliability was calculated by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the pleasure of 0.611, arousal of 0.644 brand awareness component was 0.772, brand association component 0.877, brand perceived quality component 0.765, and brand loyalty component 0.820. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and simple and multiple linear regression tests using SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the arousal of advertising, with brand equity components (perceived quality and brand association) in sports tourism destinations and between the arousal of advertising, with brand equity components (brand loyalty and brand awareness) in sports tourism destinations does not have a positive and significant relationship. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between the pleasures of advertising, with all the components of brand equity (loyalty, perceived quality, brand association, and brand awareness) and sports tourism destinations. Besides, there is a positive significant relationship between perceived pleasure and arousal from advertising messages.

As a conclusion selection and manipulation of psychological factors in advertising messages can affect brand equity for aquatic sports tourism destinations.

Of all the sports that have regular competitions around the world, football is arguably the most popular and participatory activity and sport, as many countries on the five continents of the world are in it. They have considered it as their national sport. But the point to consider is that in this popular field, relying only on technical issues cannot be the winner, and therefore cultural and educational issues and professional teachings should also be the top priority. The aim of this study was to present a structural model for the development of Ethical Climate in Iranian professional football.

The present study is descriptive and applied in terms of purpose. A researcher-made questionnaire and its face validity were confirmed by 14 experts and university professors and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha test and combined reliability. The statistical population of the study consisted of seven groups of different strata related to the research. Due to the uncertainty of the population size, the Cochran infinite population formula was used to determine the sample size, which is equal to 384 people at a 95% confidence level. To select a statistical sample from stratified random sampling method (sports staff, 61 people, university teachers, 62 people, referees, 48 people, club CEOs, 38 people, coaches and head coaches, 62 people, players, 49 people and Fans, 64 people) were used. In this study, descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic status of the respondents as well as their answers to the research questions and in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation test was used. For this purpose, MS-Excel, SPSS ver 18 and AMOS24 software were used.

The results showed that the adaptive fit indices were higher than 90% and appropriate. The RMSEA index is lower than 8% (0.078) and is appropriate. Therefore, in general, the structural model designed to develop the moral atmosphere in Iranian professional football has the necessary fit.

According to the research results, it is suggested to the managers and those involved in the country's football using the presented model, proper planning and decision-making, while reducing moral problems and deviant behaviors, Lead Iranian football to professional ideals, which is to stay away from marginal issues, clean football, and technical growth and development.

The purpose of this paper was to level the factors affecting the export performance of sports products to reach the global class with an emphasis on human resource development by employing interpretive-structural modeling. The current research is a mixture of developmental and applied. Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software Based on the Galyzeri approach and deep interview with 15 people (sports marketing, economists, industrial management) in the NVIVO10 software environment, the main factors of the model were identified in the form of 92 open source, 13 selective and 5 theoretical codes, and then using the interpretive- The structure in the MATLAB2014 software environment is the level and internal relationships between extraction factors and finally classified based on MICMAC analysis of power and dependency. The results showed that model factors are located in 5 levels and motivate people for human resources, trust building, organizational communication, training and human resource skills at the fifth level of the model and have the most impact on human resource development (level four), quality, Innovation, flexibility, cost reduction, time reduction, sales and after-sales services (third level), production and service in the world class (second level), world-class sports industry, and the empowerment of export performance of sports products (Level one) . In MICMAC analysis, human resource development factors (independent variables) that stimulate and motivate other factors. Based on the results of the research, successful and effective sports managers and marketers, by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided.by establishing effective communication mechanisms with individuals inside and outside the organization, identifying and educating people, empowering, motivating, and building trust can lead to the development of world-class human resources to the extent of empowerment The export performance of sports products and the boom in the production of Iranian sports goods are provided.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the neighborhood environment in the effect of parental support and physical activity on children's physical activity.

This research was carried out as a descriptive - correlational work and based on structural equation modeling . The statistical population consisted of all male and female students aged 9 - 11 years in Tehran and their parents (n=299,610). In total , 384 were selected based on Morgan’s Table and 400 questionnaires were collected . The participants were selected through a random cluster- method. In this study, the physical activity questionnaires for children by K Kowalski et al. (1997), the parental support for physical activity by Beets et al. (2006), the level of physical activity by Craig et al. (2003), and the neighborhood environment by Sallis et al. (2010) were used as data gathering tools. Formal, content, and structure validity were obtained using the confirmatory factor analysis and the reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha method. For data analysis , SPSS software was used and for modeling structural equations Smart PLS (v.2) was used.

The results showed the positive and significant effects of parental support (β = 0.662, t = 18.724) on children's physical activity , parents' physical activity (β = 0.486, t = 12.235) on children's physical activity , parental support (β = 0.468, t = 12,139) on the neighborhood environment, parents' physical activity (β = 0.572, t = 13.673) on the neighborhood environment, and the neighborhood environment (β = 0.766, t= 29.026) on children's physical activity. Finally, the results of Sobel test and VAF confirmed the mediating role of the neighborhood environment and supported the optimal fit of the research model.

Parents and family members must enhance their role in children's physical activities. Parents can improve the role of the neighborhood environment in increasing children's physical activity by planning group programs and attending parks and sports venues in the neighborhood. In particular, they can participate in sports and recreation programs with their children.

The present study was conducted with the aim of developing a code of ethics for judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

According to the purpose, this research is one of the applied researches which is a survey in terms of implementation method. The study population of the present study was all the judges of the Wrestling Federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran in an unknown number, which due to inconsistency in summarizing the statistics of the total number of judges, no accurate information was found. In order to determine the sample, the number of subjects according to the adequacy of the sample size in the measurement model, which according to Hir (2012) was determined to be at least 200 people, 258 people were identified as members of the research sample. The research measurement tool is a researcher-made ethical questionnaire by Likert method (five options). This 48-item questionnaire was designed in the form of 9 main components of rule of law, respect, ranking, professional attitude, honesty and trustworthiness, justice, responsibility, related to the heroic character. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity are used to identify questions and components, one-sample t-test is used to examine the status of questions, components and the concept of ethical code, and Friedman test is used to prioritize questions and components.

The results of statistical tests showed that the average components of the judges's moral system in the ship in the sample is above 3, so in the sample has a desirable level and it can be said that the components of the judges's moral system is at the desired level. Also, according to Wilcoxon test for the difference of components with each other to follow the rankings, it was found that there is no difference between honesty, trustworthiness with dignity and respect with heroism and also respect with dignity, while a significant difference was observed between all subsequent components.

It seems that the ethics and moral virtues among the judges are not due to their credibility and career advancement, but these components are mixed with their spirit and character and after a lifetime in the world of wrestling and gaining different experiences. It has become part of the morale and ethics of these judges.

Strategic vision has a clear view of the position of an organization and by evaluating the position and strategic action despite the vast changes in the surrounding world, strategic vision provides a convincing picture of the future with a convincing plan to navigate this image. Conducting this research is a strategic insight based on evaluating the situation and strategic action in Isfahan Resistance Cultural and Sports Club.

The present study seeks to evaluate the situation and strategic action by following the paradigm of pragmatism with an approach mixed with strategic approach. The samples used in the first part by non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling method were 30 senior and middle managers of Isfahan Resistance Cultural and Sports Club. In order to collect the required information and confirm the indicators of the researcher-made questionnaire, the validity of which has been verified by experts, it was analyzed by Delphi method and a theoretical agreement was reached by performing three rounds. In the second part, the High Strategic Research Council consisting of 8 experts, managers and specialists and the research team has been used in a purposeful manner.

The findings showed that the indicators of financial strength and competitive advantage in the domestic dimension and indicators of environmental stability and industry strength in the external dimension were extracted so that 4 indicators of financial strength, 8 indicators of competitive advantage, 8 indicators of environmental stability and 7 indicators The power of industry and services was extracted and the strategies of the resistance cultural and sports club of Isfahan province were shown based on the SPACE matrix in the position of competitive strategy.

In the competitive strategy of the organization, strategies such as market development, market penetration, product development, integration and participation are implemented and Isfahan Resistance Cultural and Sports Club should make maximum use of its existing organizational resources and facilities in the first place. To prevent the waste of resources and change their use, and then with the participation of the private sector, donors and related organizations and institutions to develop service delivery and gain a competitive advantage among other clubs.