نشریه شهر ایمن
پیاپی 19 (پاییز 1401)

A strategic plan is the result of strategic planning work for strategic management in which several topics and components are defined, explained or prescribed. An important part of the strategic plan is the explanation of the benefits, which, in addition to the necessary guidance for carrying out activities, identifying the expected results and the possibility of success in achieving the desired situation, will also determine the direction and meaning of the activities. These benefits, which are presented in the form of goals and vision, can bring the expected quality and effectiveness in the implementation and execution of the plan as best as possible. In the strategic plan for the protection of the key infrastructures of the metropolises, one of the main elements of the plan has been proposed in the form of explaining the goals and vision, which according to their importance, using the descriptive-analytical method and the use of documentary and library studies, questionnaires, interviews and interaction. The necessary data has been collected and analyzed in collaboration with elites in the field of urban infrastructure. In this research, in order to formulate the objectives and draw the vision of the project from the perspective of having the right features for a desirable vision, after reviewing the upstream documents in the field of infrastructure protection and using the opinions of experts, the necessary concepts related to them have been extracted, analyzed, validated and prioritized.

The existence of oil and gas and other fossil resources as divine wealth in Iran has a significant role in the development of this country. One of the main factors behind the exploitation of these oil and gas fields is the possession of related technologies in this field. Technology transfer is the best option to reduce the technology gap between developed and developing countries. The purpose of this study is to present an appropriate model for the transfer of technology in the offshore sector of oil and gas field. In this research, by using non-probabilistic and purposeful sampling method, samples were selected as 18 people. Initially, by interviewing these experts and then using the qualitative technique of the theme analysis, eight factors influencing the transfer of technology were identified. Then, by using the interpretive structural modeling method, the model of the research was developed. This model has five levels, respectively: Fifth level: government factors, financial and economic factors, fourth level: nature of technology, third level: features of transition organization, second level: management and leadership, human resources and first level: hardware and software features of technology receivers. Finally, suggestions were made to improve and facilitate the technology transfer process.

The proximity of residential structures to hazardous industrial facilities is one of the challenges facing disaster management in natural or artificial disasters in today's modern world. Therefore, calculating the consequences of damage to these facilities and its effects on damage and loss of residential structures is of great importance in urban planning and disaster management. The consequences of damage to hazardous facilities, depending on the type of activity and the hazardous materials they store, can be assessed in different scenarios. Overpressure due to explosion, heat radiation due to fire, and poisoning due to the spread of toxic substances are the main reasons for the threat to urban areas adjacent to hazardous facilities. Different scenarios are considered in each case depending on the vulnerability and risk reduction goals. Tehran is also exposed to various hazards caused by damage to hazardous facilities. Among the types of facilities that are thought to be a severe threat to the residents of Tehran, the oil depots in the northwest, northeast, and south of the city are more important. Therefore, determining the safe area around these facilities and how to comply with them has always been one of the challenges in crisis management in this city. This article, taking into account the consequences of the vapor cloud explosion (as the worst-case scenario), determines the safe area around these three oil depots in Tehran. For this purpose, two conventional methods have been used to calculate the overpressure due to vapor cloud explosion. The difference between the results of the two methods has been discussed. Also, by examining the vulnerability of the buildings around each of the oil depots, the standard overpressure for the demolition of the buildings has been determined. Finally, the safe area around these facilities has been calculated.

Urbanization is one of the most prominent features of the world today, and most of the world's population resides in cities. Most towns and settlements are located in places that are exposed to various natural hazards or man-made disasters due to the interference and advancement of human technology which is a major challenge in achieving the sustainable development of urban communities. An attitude that has been present in urban planning and crisis management in dealing with accidents has been coping attitudes and reducing vulnerability. At present, the approach to upgrade is a new perspective that emphasizes the reduction of vulnerability and a resilient view to increasing the resilience and flexibility of cities against natural and man-made disasters. The type of applied research and its method is descriptive-analytical. To do research, a questionnaire was used that was completed by 40 urban experts. The results show that the Urmia city is relatively favorable in terms of social and infrastructural exposure, but in terms of institutional-managerial, economic, and physical-environmental vibrations, it is not desirable. In general, the overall viability of Urmia city is less than optimal for experts, so that the calculated value of the overall vibration of Urmia city is 2.94 below the baseline (3). In the end, according to the stepwise regression test, among the components of the urban vibrancy of Urmia, the social index had the most effect on the urbanization of Urmia, and the infrastructure index had the least effect.

The main objective of this paper is to conceptualize marketing strategies and models in cultural products and services. This research has been carried out within the framework of a Qualitative/Quantitative approach using the Grounded Theory and SEM Methods. Statistical population was all management, strategies, marketing experts and University professors who has executive or academic experience about cultural marketing. In qualitative research, the data were collected through open audiovisual recording interviews (with 14 expert) and their content was transcribed. The interview data were analyzed in three stages, including open, axial and selective coding steps, and categorized as concepts and themes. The findings of study included five categories of causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, strategies and consequences that have been presented in the form of Strauss and Corbin’s coded pattern. Then designed questionnaire and distribution between 212 experts in Tehran Municipality and analysis by Amos software were done. All assumptions was confirmed and highlight role of Pricing, Branding, Advertising, Customer Database and culture-building as strategies for having sustainable development, expanding Iranian-Islamic culture and increase market share as a consequence designing the marketing pattern for cultural products and services.

The development and expansion of urbanization in the twentieth century has led to the formation of different spatial organizations in urban and regional patterns. Semnan city with a strategic position in the country's communication network and proximity to the capital and industrial, mining and agricultural potentials due to changes and implementation of political divisions in the last decade and the promotion of small towns around Semnan to the city without paying attention to interconnections and demarcations performance encountered. Existence of flows of goods, manpower, and interurban and peripheral services represents a range of activities that cannot be stopped within local boundaries. This study has used the gravity method (measurement of flows and distance from the center) to determine the boundaries of Semnan urban area and its purpose is to determine the boundaries of Semnan urban area based on functional relationships. From the city center of Semnan, a radius of 20 and 50 km was hit in GIS, the city of Semnan was selected as the main city and the cities of Dargzin, Sorkheh, Shahmirzad and Mahdishahr were selected as the surrounding cities. In the flow measurement method, the amount of population displaced between the two cities and the amount of goods displaced were calculated and the final score (iT) of each city was calculated by including the relevant formulas. According to calculations, the cities of Sorkheh and Dargzin are with moderate correlation, Mahdishahr with high correlation and Shahmirzad with very high correlation with Semnan. In the method of distance from the center to determine the boundaries of Semnan urban area, a suitable distance for the maximum distance that Semnan city can affect the surrounding urban areas while maintaining the nature of its city-regions (the easiest time to reach the main city) is specified. Besides, cities that have the desired level of points are located in the urban area using this method. From the overlap of the maps obtained from the methods of measuring flows and distance from the center in GIS, Semnan urban area was determined based on statistical functional relationships and the area of Semnan urban area consisting of Semnan, Dargzin, Sorkheh, Shahmirzad and Mahdishahr cities. The total resilience level in Semnan region is equal to 3.21, lower than the average of 3.5. As it was said before, only the social and cultural dimension is resilient and in terms of other dimensions, especially the economic and institutional management dimensions, resilience is at a very low level.