Journal of Zoonotic Diseases
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

While the world is still trying to emerge from the crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and all the nations are trying to nullify the repercussions caused by it; another outbreak known as the monkeypox virus (MPXV) has recommenced. Human monkeypox, a rare viral zoonosis (an infectious disease that can be transferred from non-human animals to humans), is caused by the MPXV, a member of the genus Orthopoxvirus (family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae). Since eradicating smallpox globally in 1977, monkeypox has been the primary orthopoxvirus infection in humans. On July 14, 2022, the first case in India was reported in the Kollam district of Kerala. It manifests with the same symptoms as smallpox, including flu-like symptoms, fever, malaise, headache, back pain, and a characteristic rash. New medications have shown promising results, but more study is needed for the drug’s efficacy in endemic settings. The monkeypox virus is a high-danger pathogen that causes a significant disease for public health. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop surveillance capabilities that can yield valuable data for creating suitable preventative, preparedness, and response operations.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive and ubiquitous bacterium, isolated from various habitats, materials, and organisms. Over 100 varieties and ~60,000 strains of this bacterium have been identified. The produced toxins from this bacterium are specific to invertebrates with various modes of action. More reports are available regarding toxins indicating potential for biological control against agricultural pests and human and animal parasites. Therefore, an excellent and promising prospect for their use in the future as unique alternatives for current synthetic pesticides can be imagined. In this mini-review, we only reviewed the findings of the previous studies about the biological activity of Bt products on important medical and veterinary parasites.

Rabies is a deadly viral infection for which there is still no definitive cure. Many researchers are making publications on this subject. The current study used bibliometric techniques to examine the rabies literature and highlighted current rabies research trends as well as prospective future hotspots for rabies research. In this bibliometric study, all data were retrieved from the Web of Science Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) database on January 1, 2023, using the selected terms ("rabies virus" [MeSH Terms] OR "rabies virus" [Text Word] OR "rabies" [MeSH Terms] OR "rabies" [Text Word]) in the title field of the search engine. The search was further narrowed by the document type (article), language (English), and year of publication (1992–2022). According to the used search strategy, we reached a total of 5973 articles. The average number of citations per document was 21.3. Over 300 articles per year were published in the years 2020, 2021, 2019, 2018, and 2017. The rabies literature was written by authors from 158 different countries. The main countries with the highest number of articles on rabies were the USA, China, and France. Germany, India, Brazil, England, Japan, and Canada Research collaboration and cooperation between institutions and researchers in developing countries need to be supported by developed countries. The analysis provides information on the overall situation of rabies research worldwide. The analysis also provides a better understanding of the trends in rabies development over the past 30 years, which can serve as a scientific benchmark for subsequent studies.Keywords: Article, Bibliometric analysis, Rabies, Zoonotic disease.

Mastitis is one of the most critical problems for dairy cattle worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mastitis is caused by bacteria in the dairy cows of traditional farms. In this randomized clinical trial, 54 Holstein cows with clinical mastitis (from October 2020 to September 2021) were selected from the traditional farms located in the suburbs of Tabriz city. All cows were subjected to sampling during four seasons according to the National Mastitis Council (NMC) guidelines and the collected samples were rapidly sent to the Veterinary faculty’s microbiological laboratory for bacterial cultures. The distribution of mastitis was evaluated according to the stage of lactation, parity, season, and types of bedding system. The results were as follows: E. coli 39%, Streptococcus uberis 21%, Streptococcus agalactia 7%, and Staphylococcus aureus 33%. The results of this study showed that parturition, increased number of parity, wet and rainy seasons, as well as sawdust and cow manure bedding are among the risk factors for mastitis. In conclusion, in traditional farms, unlike industrial farms, environmental mastitis has more importance than contagious mastitis. Regarding the presence and shedding of E. coli microorganisms in the milk, this should be highlighted as a concern for public health.

In this study, the effect of probiotic supplementation of Pediococcus Lolii bacterial strain NGRI 0510Q (T) on the immune response to Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus vaccines was investigated. Sixty-four chicks from specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs were divided into four groups. Indeed, groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were treated with normal ration without probiotic; normal ration with probiotic as 1 g/L of water; normal ration without probiotic with 0.2 mL dual oil vaccine during the breeding period, and normal ration with probiotic with 0.2 mL dual oil vaccine during the breeding period, respectively. Blood sampling were performed eight times weekly (3rd to 10th weeks) and obtained serum samples were evaluated by HI test to determine the antibody levels. Seventh post-vaccination was significant at p <0.05, whereas this effect was not significant for the H9N2 strain. In the present study, the effect of Lactobacilli probiotic consumption on the humoral immune system of laying hens was investigated. Results showed positive effects of this probiotic on its immunogenicity along with vaccination with injectable oil vaccines against Newcastle disease strain V4 and influenza strain H9N2.

Here we present a case of an infant with biliary atresia with bacteremia caused by Ciprofloxacin resistant C. jejuni. An eight-month-old boy - previously diagnosed with inoperable biliary atresia, was referred with fever. The isolated bacteria was identified as Campylobacter jejuni ssp. jejuni. This isolate was resistant to Ciprofloxacin using disk diffusion. From our investigation during the patient's home visit, there were several chicken and bird coops within 20 meters radius all around the patient's house, contributing to the risk of infection. In this case, a severe infection of Campylobacter jejuni might be promoted by biliary atresia and hepatic failure.