نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال دوازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 44، پاییز 1401)

Examining Iran's foreign policy towards the Syrian crisis is a very important issue that has different approaches. In this research, taking into account Iran's strong supporting role in the continuation of the Syrian government, the following questions are addressed: What theory can best explain Iran's foreign policy regarding the Syrian crisis? To what extent has this policy been successful and what consequences has it brought? The findings of the research indicate that the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Syria mainly has a security aspect and is aimed at confronting threats and maintaining regional influence, so its explanation is from the perspective of realism approach and specifically the threat balance theory. It is more suitable. This policy has been successful in curbing direct security threats, especially the strengthening of Takfiri groups in the western region of Iran, as well as maintaining the regional influence of the Islamic Republic, however, it has also brought some shortcomings and consequences. We can mention the widening of religious divisions in the region as well as the decline of the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran and aligned groups in the Arab world. On the other hand, the limited view of military security on the Syrian area and the weakness of Iran's economic diplomacy, as well as the actions of other influential actors in Syria, such as Russia, to expand the sphere of influence have also had negative effects on Iran's interests in this region. In this research, a descriptive analytical method was used and the data collection method is library.

Throughout history, black women have experienced many social injustices, including racism, gender discrimination, or inequality. Afrofuturism (futuristic Africa) and African feminism are ideologies designed for all African women and emerged as a set of political, ideological and social movements based on a common goal: definition , creating and achieving political, economic, personal and social equality for both sexes. This movement is based on African culture and is focused on the unique experiences, efforts, needs and demands of African women. This descriptive-review study is designed with a library approach and based on the review of texts, and compares and analyzes the works of two African authors with two different genres (scientific-fictional and realistic). In this comparison, the role of Afro-futurism, Pan-Africanism and African Womanism movements in the revival of black zenith is analyzed and investigated from the point of view of these two women writers, and an answer is sought for the question whether, from the point of view of women writers and thinkers of African origin, the movement Women's beliefs based on Western feminism have been liberating for African women or not, and to what extent will the role of Afro-futurism be helpful in advancing the goals of African women? The results of this study indicate that in order to empower black women, to hear their anti-oppression cry and also to identify themselves, from the point of view of these two prominent African thinkers and writers, Western feminism and philosophy are only for African women. It doesn't work and in order to achieve the ideals of freedom, black women need to return to their original African roots in addition to acquiring science and technology beyond their time, and feminism based on Afrofuturism, which is derived from the original African foundations. It is a more reliable and authentic way for African women from different backgrounds.

The position of lobbies as influential and influential groups The decision-making process in the United States of America is completely legal and obvious In the meantime, the Jews have been able to seize this opportunity And increase their position and power among their competitorsTo the extent that all decisions should be filtered by Jewish lobbies (Which is headed by International Zionism) pass And full oversight of the internal decision-making process And foreigners with influence and influence over Congress, the White House Thinking rooms and other influential centers In the decision-making process Thanks to the above, the question is the role of Jewish lobbies What role do they play in US foreign policy decision-making in support of the Zionist regime? (Statement of the problem)

Research hypothesis by descriptive-analytical method and method of document-electronic collection And based on policy-making theory, the answer is:Israeli lobbying in ways such as financially supporting congressional candidates And the presidency, the propaganda pressures in the media As well as influencing scientific circles to seek guidance The US policy apparatus is to support Israel. (Hypothesis). Necessity and importance of research: It must be said that the Jews rule the world through the American government They make others fight for them And be killed. So it is necessary with this The premise was to eliminate the weaknesses and backwardness of the Muslims.

Today, science and technology are considered a basic principle for countries and societies seek to acquire knowledge in different ways. This research seeks to show that scientific and technological diplomacy is a consensus-building and institution-building necessity in political development, and a part of the internal political development process of a country is achieved through the realization of foreign policy through scientific exchanges and exchanges. For this purpose, the current research seeks to find provable answers and clear indications of the role of scientific and technological diplomacy in political development. This means that scientific and technological diplomacy with the acceptance and exchange of foreign students, international academic cooperation and establishment of scientific relations and interaction and cooperation of researchers with each other in the global arena through study opportunities, joint research projects, conferences and joint articles, the field of consensus and solidarity Most of the interior provides a theoretical plan on scientific institutionalization and reduction of conflicts. The data collection method is based on the documentary method, the research strategy is based on analogy, the data analysis method is based on the descriptive-explanatory method and is inspired by the theoretical framework corresponding to scientific and technological diplomacy.

It is clear that the study and examination of issues and the nature of international relations and foreign policy of countries has always been of interest to experts and thinkers in the field of political science and international politics. For this reason, the thinkers of this field have tried to understand the foreign policy of countries from the perspective of different theories. The understanding of Iran's foreign policy has not been excluded from this issue. This matter became doubly important especially after the victory of the Iranian Islamic Revolution in 1357. Because it was followed by fundamental changes and a major redefinition in the fields of national and international identity. These large-scale and extensive national and international identity changes under the leadership of the leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran; Imam Khomeini  was more than anything influenced by his intellectual foundations and political jurisprudence and considering that a large part of the international relations and foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is mixed with Islamic ideals and school concepts. It is very necessary to understand the fundamentals of Imam Khomeini's political jurisprudence as the leader and ideologist of this government, who provide the theoretical foundations and specific principles for its foreign policy. Therefore, due to the importance of the topic, the author decided to answer this main question, what is the position of Imam Khomeini's  political jurisprudence in the formulation of international relations and foreign policy of Iran in the framework of constructivist theories? In response to this question, the hypothesis is formulated in this way that in the framework of constructivist theories, the political jurisprudence of Imam Khomeini  is a very important and key factor in formulating the foundations of identity and redefining international relations and politics. The foreigner of the Islamic Republic of Iran has played a role. This research intends to investigate and investigate the mentioned issue using a qualitative-interpretive method. Also, the method used in collecting information is done by library and internet method.

The change in the strategic priorities of the United States and the change in the geopolitical direction of Washington towards the Asia-Pacific with the aim of containing China, has caused a decrease in the importance and, as a result, a decrease in the presence of the United States in the Middle East and North Africa region. This transformation has prepared the space for the Role-Playing of other great powers, including Russia and China, and after that, it has influenced the regional politics of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia as two competing regional powers. In response to these new conditions, Riyadh has adopted a strategy of diversifying its security partners (and at the same time, trying to obtain security guarantees from the United States), and in this regard, even an option such as normalizing Saudi relations with the Zionist regime has placed on the table. On the other hand, Iran, whose regional policy has always been defined around the axis of resistance to the foreign presence (especially the United States) in the region, now faces a strategic contradiction, because this time, Russia and China are Iran's allieswho seek to increase their influence in the Middle East region.In such an environment, the factor of the simultaneous desire of the United States of America, China, and other extra-regional powers in the region to create a balance between Tehran and Riyadh, and at the same time, the factor of the desire of both sides (Iran and Saudi(to manage another threat, while avoiding not to accept each other's dominant role, are the factors that can lead to optimism regarding the formation of controlled competition between Iran and Saudi Arabia

The Islamic movement of Dagestan is one of the affecting players in the social developments of this region, which is influenced by the religious-cultural environment of Chechnya, and consists of two broad schools, traditional and Salafi. Despite the armed struggle against foreign colonial powers, the predominance of Tariqati and Sufi tendencies among Dagestani Islamists has caused the Islamic movement to take a tolerant attitude internally since the 18th century, but since the 1980s, especially with the collapse of the Soviet :union:, Salafi teachings and ethics have been promoted by the support of extra-regional powers. Considering the significance and position of Islamist parties and groups in the contemporary developments of the North Caucasus, the main question of the current article is what is the nature of the Islamic movement of Dagestan among contemporary Islamic movements? The authors have tried to answer the question by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach and collecting library data. The findings of the research reveal that the tendency of the majority of Dagestan's society towards Sufi schools and the growing awareness of the threats of Salafist beliefs in the region, traditionalism will continue to dominate the Islamic movement of the region in the upcoming decades. Therefore, the Islamic groups of Dagestan seek to concentrate on social and religious activities instead of formal-structured political engagement.