فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 55، تابستان 1401)

Qualitative indicators in housing planning are always considered as one of its evaluation criteria and creating a suitable quality environment to meet the basic and basic human needs is one of the main goals of housing. The present study analyzed the indigenous housing design patterns of Jiroft city based on ethnomethodology, the possibility of explaining effective solutions for more quality contemporary housing in Jiroft. This research has been done qualitatively and its method will be based on development-applied method. By expressing the anthropological goals of Jiroft city, hierarchical analysis method has been used for final evaluation of data and expertise software to fuzzy calculations and multi-criteria decision making technique have been used. Finally, the prioritization of effective components in the formation of residential spaces in Jiroft has been developed. The method of data collection based on Garfinkel theory was also considered and then by examining the main factors of different models, 22 effective components in the formation of residential spaces of contemporary houses in Jiroft were explained and scored. Based on the results of this study, the quality components of the residential environment were classified into six categories: controllability, livability, meaningfulness, flexibility, behaviorality and playability. "Privacy" was the first priority of the controllability component and in the category of meaningfulness, the criterion was "most aesthetically pleasing". In the category of behavior, the criterion of "comfort and convenience" and in the category of flexibility, the criterion of "harmony with human scale" is mentioned as the first priority, and in the category of biodiversity, the criterion of "relationship with nature" and finally in the category of playfulness, the criterion of "safety and protection". Influential in the design of residential spaces were introduced.

Iran's hot and dry climatic dwellings are among the valuable and important buildings of this land. Understanding the shape and physical characteristics of hot and dry climates in Iran will not only preserve and restore this precious achievement in past historical periods of Iran, but also play an important and useful role in identifying the hidden features and potentials in these buildings. The purpose of this study is to identify the structural features of the spring house in relation to other residential buildings, to study and analyze the effect and extent of the spring house in shaping the structure of hot and dry climates in Iran. In this regard, the researcher first extracts from a random sample of six samples of a spring house dwelling that extracts the frequent shape features in the spring house space and its effect on the emergence of residential plans. In this research, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data analysis method is comparative.. The tools used in this study include gathering research findings through library, field studies, and interviews with technologists and professors. The results show that although according to the climatic pattern, the physical structure of most hot and dry climatic structures in Iran have a dominant north-south axis, but the location of the spring house space is always along the dominant axis of the house.

The city is the space of interaction of different powers; where the concentration of powers and cultures are crystallized. Power is considered as an "institution" and government is considered as a "structure". Also, their relationship between institution and structure is determined based on these two concepts that affect the development of the city. Therefore, in this article, the effective factors of power in the development of Qazvin city were analyzed based on politicallegal (ideological), socio-cultural (identity), economic and communication-infrastructure dimensions. This research was descriptive-analytical based on the method asw well as being applied based on the purpose of the type.in which the research data was analyzed using fuzzy hierarchical analysis model. Also, in order to assess the impact of effective factors of power in the city of Qazvin, 25 experts had been used and through interviews, their views and opinions had been extracted. The results indicated that the political and ideological component is in the first place and in terms of effectiveness had played the greatest role in the power of urban planning in Qazvin. The components of the municipality's need for revenue and laws and regulations were in the second and third places, respectively. Finally, the components of communication, weakness of political power and lack of functional independence (municipality) and the creation of industrial towns played the least role in the power of urban planning in Qazvin, respectively.

Neighborhood Planning It includes all the dimensions and characteristics of urban life that can be achieve the highest goal of the urban plan which is called spatial justice, by evaluating its driving factors and provides a suitable platform for sustainable urban development.the neighborhood, as one of the organs of the city system, is the basis of many urban policies and methods in the development of the world's urban sustainability landscape. The neighborhood approach has been proposed as a solution to deal with the physical disintegration of cities and the decline in social quality of contemporary urban environments, which have been formed in uniform contexts devoid of identity and spatial distinctions. According to this, the main goal of this research is to identify and driving the key factors of neighborhood planning with a future research approach in Ardabil city.

The method of research of this study in terms of purpose is applied and in terms of nature and method is descriptive-analytical. the statistical population of the research includes researchers in the field of neighborhood planning in Ardabil city. the sample size was 30 people that obtained by the snowball sampling(with theoretical saturation) and analyzed the data of this research with Micmac software. The working method is such that first the important variables in the desired domain are identified, then they are entered in a matrix such as the impact analysis matrix, and the degree of connection between these variables in the related domain is recognized by experts. The variables in the rows affect the variables in the columns; In this way, row variables are influential and column variables are influential. The correlation of variables is measured with numbers between zero and three. Such that, based on the opinions of the group of experts, they are valued in the form of numbers (zero means no), (1 means weak effect), (2 means medium effect) and (3 means high effect).It should be noted that the questions of the questionnaire were first approved by the experts and then measured in the experimental environment, and the results of the Cronbach's alpha test for the researchermade questionnaire were equal to 0.894, which indicates the high reliability of this tool research.

Ardabil city, which is the capital of Ardabil province, is located between Talash and Sablan mountains. According to the 2013 census, the population of Ardabil city was equal to 485,153 people, while in 2015, its population increased to 564,474 people. according to the latest division, it includes 5 regions and 51 neighborhoods. Ardabil city like the other city of iran country confront with excessive development; It has aggravated social, economic and environmental issues in the city. the result of these conditions has been the disruption of social and biological balance and stability, and spatial inequalities, especially in neighborhoods, and the lack of necessary capacities for harmonic development has to led the instability of neighborhoods. In the meantime, the differences and imbalances in the different textures of Ardabil city surface in the four forms of old texture (traditional and worn out) and marginal (informal settlement and transformed rural) and middle texture and new texture (planned) are related to this imbalance and instability in the urban scale is fueled. In order to achieve this goal at the level of Ardabil city, it is necessary to identify the key factors and driving forces of neighborhood planning in Ardabil city. the findings show that the distribution of the variables in the influence-affectability axis shows the stability or instability of the neighborhood planning system in Ardabil city. the variables of laws and instructions, strategic vision, administrative system, delegation of responsibility and legality, have the highest rankings of influence and variables of social trust, participation of residents, collective agreement, security and delegation of responsibility, have the highest rankings of overall influence. In totally, among the 23 variables which examined, 12 variables of those like rules and guidelines, administrative system, strategic insight, responsibility-responsibility, upstream plans, legality, justice-oriented, transparency, collaborative platform, delegation of responsibility, effectiveness and accountability have been selected as driving factors of neighborhood planning in Ardabil city.

Based on the result that we should considered the key role of the mentioned factors in this research of any neighborhood planning in Ardabil city. These variables have high influencing power and low dependence in improving neighborhood planning and they should be considered the first priority in planning a neighborhood in Ardabil city. Interaction between the government (regulating laws and balancing the relations of civil institutions), civil society (facilitating interactions between society and politics) and the private sector (creating income and jobs), redefining and resetting the power structure (political, economic and social) in organizations local, planning budget provision and budget distribution based on the principles of social capital, having a strategic and long-term vision of city managers for the future of the city and citizens, etc. are among the suggestions for better advancement of neighborhood planning with an emphasis on the future approach of research

Tourism has special effects in rural areas and due to the nature of tourism activity and its close interaction with various economic, social and cultural activities, its effects can be very varied and widespread, and in particular have a profound impact on the environment of the host communities. Therefore, the overall objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of rural tourism on regional development (Case study: Azarshahr Ghadamgah). The purpose of this study is applied and in terms of nature and method descriptive-analytical and survey type. The statistical population of this study includes all tourists, locals and experts involved in Ghadamgah site. According to Cochran formula, the sample size was 384 persons and the sampling method was selected by available random sampling. One-sample t-test, one-sample t-test, Pearson correlation test, and structural equation modeling were used to test the hypotheses using Smart-PLS software. The results show that rural tourism has a positive and significant effect on regional development (economic, socio-cultural, and environmental) in Ghadamgah Azarshahr region and has caused rural development in the studied area. Also, religious attitude, awareness and knowledge about tourism, the intrinsic motivation of the residents, and dependence of the local community on the development and expansion of rural tourism in the study area had a significant positive effect.

Today, in order to reduce the vulnerability of urban physical spaces to natural hazards and the need to make the right decisions and implement appropriate operations, as well as due to the advancement of human knowledge and technology, To provide a clear picture of the consequences of hazards, it is necessary to assess the physical design of urban spaces in proportion to natural hazards. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to plan and physically design the urban spaces of Zabol with emphasis on natural hazards.

The research method is analytical and based on library, documentary and field studies. SPSS and GIS software and ANP and WASPAS models were used to analyze the information. The statistical population in the present study consists of two parts. The first part is related to the residents of Zabol, where the Cochran's formula (385 people) was determined as the sample size. In the second part, based on purposive sampling, 20 local experts and knowledgeable people were selected as the sample size in this section.

T-test results showed that all the items, the average obtained is lower than average number 3, indicating non-compliance with the physical spaces of Zabol design is based on natural hazards. The multiple linear regression test results indicate that the design of physical spaces of Zabol and natural hazards, the 99/0 high reliability, there is no significant relationship. The results of ANP model in GIS software environment showed that in most layers, regions two and three have the highest value. Finally, the results of WASPAS model showed that Area two, with a weight of 3.923, has the highest level of physical design based on natural hazards.

In the areas of Zabul city, the physical condition was assessed as unfavorable based on natural hazards, and these areas have a different condition due to the influence of natural hazards in physical planning and design.

The area of Iran has always been at risk of earthquakes due to its location on the earthquake belt. The formation of large faults and the existence of active stress fields have made Iran prone to earthquakes. Among the dangerous phenomena, devastating earthquakes have been responsible for the highest number of human casualties and financial losses. The present study, according to the nature of the issue and the subject under study in terms of applied purpose and descriptive-analytical type and its purpose is to assess and analyze the vulnerability of rural settlements in the central part of Ardabil to earthquakes. Ardabil city has a population of 28272 people and 8151 families. The sample size was estimated to be 356 based on Cochran's formula. The distribution of the number of samples in the villages is proportional to the number of available households and the method of sample selection in each village has been done systematically randomly. To assess the vulnerability of the studied villages, two indicators and 14 indicators based on the studies of other researchers were used. The face validity of the questionnaire was evaluated by experts and its total reliability was estimated 0.87 based on Cronbach's alpha. The results of this study in the city showed that in terms of seismic vulnerability using the Topsis model, more than 73 Percentage of villages with high and very high risk of economic and social vulnerability to earthquake risk. Calculation of the overall vulnerability of villages in the study area shows that 41% of villages are moderately vulnerable and 59% are high and very high vulnerabilities. Vulnerability assessment of rural settlements in the study area indicates high and very high vulnerability in the villages of the study area and this is a serious threat to increase the risk in the area.

Introduction:

 The main challenges facing the urban planners of this city are the formation of poor neighborhoods due to the lack of proper formal space and within the capacity of the vulnerable urban strata, followed by the formation of marginal and unsustainable houses, inappropriate texture, weak urban services and vulnerable construction materials. The presence of residential units of these social classes against natural hazards such as earthquakes and the spread of all kinds of social damage among the low-income strata is due to the geographical space that governs it. Solving these challenges will not be possible except by thinking of macro measures and adopting new approaches. Therefore, this research aims to identify and analyze the most important barriers to providing housing for urban vulnerable groups, the extent and how these factors influence each other, in the metropolis of Tabriz, by explaining the position and analysis of the influencing indicators in the housing of the metropolis in the area of vulnerable and low-income groups. . What are the most important componentsof providing housing for urban vulnerable groups in Tabriz metropolis? Thepurpose of this research is to identify the most important obstacles in planning the provision of housing for vulnerable urban groups in the metropolis of Tabriz.

In terms of method and nature, the research is descriptive and analytical, and in terms of purpose, it is in the category of applied research. Theoretical foundations are based on documentary and library studies. In order to select indicators that are effective on social justice and prioritize these indicators in measuring social justice, 20 experts in the field (traffic, urban services, urban planning, municipality, governorate, governorate, road and urban development) were selected using the Delphi method to test the questionnaire. It is used randomly for weighting. Part of the required information has been collected from the Statistics Center. Among the most important indicators that have been used, we can mention the level of literacy, medical and educational services, etc. In this research, using social justice indicators and factor analysis model, the assessment of social justice in 10 districts of Tabriz city has been done. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative social issues is done through tools that are variables called social indicators. Social indicators are a key tool for drawing the future perspective of the state of the province and planning.

Oribe era provides better output than Varimax era. Two matrices are generated, a pattern matrix and a structure matrix. The difference between low and black factor loadings is more evident in the pattern matrix. Therefore, this matrix is interpretable. Factor loadings in the model matrix show the unique relationship between the factor and the variable. The pattern has less complex variables and a simpler structure. The last step in factor analysis is to determine how many factors should be determined for interpretation in order to assign labels to them. The number of factors that should be divided depends largely on the main purpose of the analysis. It is more appropriate to have only one factor in this research. Because according to the table, the first factor had an eigenvalue of 8.14. while the second, third, and fourth factors had eigenvalues of 2.15, 1.64, and 0.99, respectively. Also, the Pebble diagram confirms the dominance of the first factor that was involved with 15 items.

 The results show that the mentioned 22 indicators are loaded in the first factor with a variance of 37. The above 4 indicators are related to the indicators of the percentage of the population in relation to the whole city, the size of the household, the number of people in each room and the percentage of population migration. Due to the fact that various indicators are loaded in this factor, for naming, we pay attention to the indicators that have more loading numbers, which are economic and social indicators.After completing the mentioned steps, in the last step, using the factor scores obtained in the previous step, factor scores are calculated for each region and finally, the ranking of the regions is done. For this purpose, a composite index obtained from the algebraic sum of the scores of the five factors for each region is calculated. At the end, by arranging the table based on the numerical value of the combined indicators of the regions, they can be ranked. Table 8 shows the numerical value of the combined indicators of each region and the rank of the regions.