The petitions involve existing issues that have plagued the people, and since these issues cannot be resolved by normal means, the petitioners take refuge in the king and write letters to him, the king or himself answers them directly. or forced the princes, rulers and other authorities to respond to the petitioner. The purpose of the current research is to know the issues and problems that plagued the people in the Naseri period.The basic problem of the current research is why the common people wrote their petitions directly to the first person of the country, i.e. the king, and what were the main problems of the people during the Nasseri period as downstream?The research method in this study is the writing of an analytical introduction based on the historical (inductive) method and the way of writing and compiling it in a descriptive-analytical way. Extraction of information and data has also been carried out in a library manner. This research tries to describe and analyze the content of people's petitions during the Naseri era. The review and analysis of the petitions shows that the lack of formation of institutions and administrative structures, the lack of life and financial security of the petitioners from the local rulers and most importantly, the attention and follow-up of the Shah to the people's demands and demands. so that they could present their petitions to the first person of the country, Naser al-din Shah.

The relations between Iran and the United States have been of special importance to both sides throughout the political history of the two countries. The ups and downs of this relationship and its causes and factors have always been of interest to researchers and thinkers of international relations. Regarding the fields of conflict in the relations between Iran and America, various views have been proposed by the researchers of this field, but it seems that it is not enough and this field has the capacity of wider discussions. This article, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, seeks to investigate the issue of what is the position of Israel as a tension-causing variable in the creation and continuation of the conflict and confrontation between the two countries of Iran and the United States. According to the results of the research, one of the main obstacles to improving Iran's relations with America is related to the substantive and fundamental problems of the Islamic Republic of Iran with Israel; And since the foreign policy of the United States in the Middle East region and especially in the case of Iran, for reasons such as the identity links between the two nations of the United States and Israel, as well as the presence of the powerful Zionist lobby in this country, is strongly influenced by the influence of the Zionists, the possibility of the normalization of relations between the two countries At least not in the short term.

Identifying people has existed since the beginning of the word, and with the formation of human communities, early humans, in search of their identity, distinguished their tribes with elephant tusks, deer horns, and animal skins. In order to gain political legitimacy, national integration, establishing and consolidating the bureaucratic system, and maintaining the territorial integrity of their territory, the governments always used to create collective identity. This article aims to investigate the historical course of the phenomenon of recognition, identity and general and specific attribution of Iranians before the formation of the modern state and the most important factors shaping this. This article deals with the subject with a descriptive-analytical method based on library and archival sources and with a historical approach. According to the results of this research, before the establishment of the modern government in Iran, there was no place for the Arabs to register the names and recognition of the inhabitants of this land, and this category (attribution and true identity) was subject to titles or titles and more with the registration of the seal of ownership.

The idea of progress is one of the most significant affairs that has obsessed the mind of many thinkers during modern Irans History. The chief purpose of this research is to find out the perception of Tarbiat newspaper theorists and assistants of idea of progress and according to this perception ,there is a guestion posed; what attribution is among progress thought ,Iran reformation and the historic traditions of Iran? This research is based on historical method and information analysis approach to answer the rised guestions with the exact refrence to the printed articles of Tarbiat news paper. According to the findings of this research ,.the vital aspect of progress thought for Iranians was practical aspect of progress that was illustrated as the progressive discourse ,Iran reformation and its most important feature was science for Iranians, because the development of progress had been dependent on the improvement of sciences in Iran.Tarbiyat is considered as the first free and private newspaper in the history of Iran .Not only the assistants of Tarbiyat newspaper knew deeply about philosophical essence of progress thought and New western civilization ,but also they were aware of the shortcomings, problems and blocks that caused retardation of Iran and they tried to present the practiciable solutions to prevent from decadance .In the view of this group ,modern western civilization includes positive aspects which are not in contrast to the historic traditions of Iran and Iranians could arrive the civilization convoy by gaining these aspects.Tarbiyat newspaper in its nine years of publication was playing the essential role in the improvement of the idea of progress,Iran reformation and making relationship between new civilization and historic traditions.

One of the most important ports on the northern shores of the Persian Gulf is the port of Siraf, which in the Sassanid era and the early Islamic centuries had trade relations with the inland ports of the Persian Gulf and other commercial centers such as Oman, India, China and East Africa. As one of the ports of the Persian Gulf, Siraf was considered the largest commercial port of the East for about three centuries. The Persian Gulf was a center of regular trade between Iran and China by sea due to the importance of Siraf in the expansion of maritime trade between Iran and China in the ninth century AD. This port was of commercial and naval importance. Sirafi merchants were world famous. Although Siraf was the fourth largest city in Persia, it was ranked first in terms of economy and wealth of its people. In this article, the authors assume that Siraf and Siraf merchants have had a positive and significant impact on the economic prosperity of the region and the country. The research conducted in this field is a superficial and brief look at the interactions and commercial activities of this port in a limited period of time, without considering its three golden centuries and its effective role in the economic prosperity of the region and the country. In the present article, we have tried to use the method of historical research after collecting brief and scattered information from first-hand sources and geographical books, etc .; In the first place, this information should be categorized based on historical sequence and importance, and then compiled and written; To provide a relatively clear and accurate picture of the role and importance of commercial transactions of Siraf port in the economic prosperity of the Persian Gulf.

This article seeks to show that the history of contemporary Iran cannot be understood without addressing the role and influence of the leftist movement. According to the author of this article, the Iranian left has been formed and transformed in three areas: national, regional and international. In the national field, the Iranian left had an influence on its opponents and supporters in four different periods of the constitutional era, the years after the First World War, the period between the fall of Reza Shah and the coup d'état on August 28, and the years before and after the Islamic Revolution. In the regional context, the history of the Iranian left is linked to the history of the Russian socialist movement and the left movements of the Middle East and Asia. Finally, the international context of the Iranian left was also a combination of the geostrategic position of proximity to the Soviet borders and ideological submission to foreign models. In each of these fields, there were factors that, in connection with factors such as repeating international analyzes of the time without reflection or critical engagement with society, dogmatism and sectarianism, and following Soviet orthodox Marxism, caused the final defeat of the Iranian left.

Seyyed Jamaluddin Waez Esfahani is one of the intellectuals of the constitutional period, who expressed a special and unique reading in order to determine the political and social direction of the newly established constitutional system. Most of his positions in this regard have been published in Al-Jamal newspaper. Therefore, this article examines the content and main components of his speech in the mentioned newspaper in order to determine the main elements emphasized by him. Therefore, the main problem of the research is, what were the main components of Seyyed Jamaluddin's discourse and how were these components explained? According to the findings of this research, returning to authentic Islam, preserving the constitutional system, establishing freedom and realizing justice have been the most important components of Isfahani's attention. Understanding the complicated situation and the troubles and sufferings of his time, he proposed the necessity of returning to the teachings of the Quran and authentic Islam as a solution. This return has been through the lens of modernity. In other words, with a positive view on the developments of the modern period of the West, Sayyid established a link between the authentic Islamic teachings and the forms of modernity and interpreted the Quranic and religious teachings through the concepts and forms of modernity. In this way, religious and political tyranny was rejected and the constitutional system was accepted as a desirable western element; He spoke about freedom as the highest blessing that God has created for mankind and introduced the realization of justice and equality as the necessary introduction and the beginning of the country's prosperity. This reading of Seyed Jamaluddin is influenced by the requirements of the time and the actions that took place during that period. The intensification of political tensions and the alignment of supporters and opponents of the constitution, the debates of legitimacy and constitutionalism are among the actions to which Seyyed Jamaluddin's positions and opinions have been a reaction or a response to them.

Security in the Islamic government is one of God's blessings; Because the excellence of the government and the people is realized in a safe and secure environment from harm, dangers and threats. Imam Khomeini (may Allah be pleased with him) considers the provision of security, welfare and public comfort as one of the duties of the Islamic government, and they believe that one of the philosophies of forming a government in Islam is to establish security and remove threats from human societies. Since the establishment of security in the Islamic society requires the identification of the components and examples of security, this article tries to examine the security in the Islamic government and by using the analytical-descriptive method, examines the opinions of Imam Khomeini (RA). The main question is this; From Imam Khomeini's point of view, what components does security include? The findings of the article show that Imam Khomeini (may God bless him and grant him peace) looks at the category of security from the perspective of religion and Islamic traditions, and for this reason, he mentions security as an unknown and pleasant blessing that is accompanied by health, peace and independence and is possible. is threatened and therefore, it is the duty of the government to provide security. Security in Imam's school refers to components such as; It has the order and security of the political order, public welfare, peace of society, safety from disasters, safety of life, wealth and honor of people in the society, all-round independence, etc.

It is clear that the development of a scientific field in the context of today's rapid growth of information production requires an academic management based on Informetric studies. Informetrics provides access to the most recent optimal knowledge, smoothes the path towards balanced growth of a discipline and prevents the conduct of repetitive research and the production of redundant information. It also helps detecting research gaps. In this regard, the present study examines the research situation and the scientific production of a sub-discipline of Persian linguistics i.e. Persian morphology, as a highly applied field, especially in the Persian Language and Literature Academy's involvement in word coinage and lexification. This research seeks to answer the following questions: 1. how many academic articles, books and dissertations have been published in the different themes of Persian morphology during the past five decades from 1967 to 2015? 2. What are the research gaps in the studied publications? To answer the questions, the ups and downs of the dominant thematic trends of Persian morphology was investigated through a bibliometric methodology. The study's sample included 301 articles, 236 dissertations, and 216 books relying on which a comprehensive bibliography of the Persian morphology was prepared. The findings showed that the dominant thematic trends of dissertations were diachronic morphology of classic literary works, word-formation processes including compounding. The two latter themes were also dominant in the articles. However, Persian morphology books were focused on derivation (suffixes) as well as compounding. An increase of article publication is seen during the studied period with a peak in 1996-2015. Regarding the dissertations a growth is observed in the first four decades and the peak is between 1996 and 1383 with 104 cases. However, the number dropped in the last decade (2006-2015) to 89. A statistically significant correlation was seen among the dissertations' and articles' themes. The two topics of word-formation processes and compounding in the dissertations s and articles had increased in a parallel mode. Research gaps are speculated to exist in the following domains of Persian morphology: morpheme studies, part of speech morphology, lexicology, comparative studies, diachronic morphology approaches towards literary works, productivity, creativity, clitics, derivation, inflection, spelling and morphology, language learning.

A society will achieve sustainable development that can establish a proper balance between the four sectors of economy, society, culture and politics. This balance means simultaneous growth and two-way relations between each pillar. During Pahlavi II's time, we had a golden opportunity to achieve economic development. At this time, Iran's economic growth index increased by 389% and the gross domestic product reached 51 billion dollars from 4 billion dollars in 1977, but this income was not followed by economic development. It did not cause development in other important sectors including culturebecame. Therefore, this research examines the relationship between culture and economy in the second Pahlavi period using a qualitative-descriptive method. The results of the research show that what was passing in Iranian society at that time was the power of economy over culture. Economy had such a material and spiritual dominance over culture that it destroyed or weakened many moral relationships in social, economic, cultural and religious fields.

Sheikh Tusi is one of the greatest scholars of all Shia fields, and many Shia and Sunni scholars studied under him. By examining the jurisprudence works of the Sheikh, this research explains his role in the establishment and formulation of the Islamic legal system, which is a legal system of which jurisprudence is one of its foundations. And since the founder of the Najaf seminary is Sheikh Tusi, and as it is obvious to everyone, the Najaf Ashraf seminary has a special and high position among the Shia seminaries, as a result, before dealing with the Sheikh's jurisprudential works, I will introduce this seminary. We discuss - a field that has been influential in the political and scientific fields both in the past and in the contemporary period, and many of its scholars have played a role in keeping alive and defining the boundaries of the Islamic legal system. This research deals with this evaluation with an analytical-descriptive approach and using the library method, the main support of which is the Sheikh's own works.

The science of geography in the Islamic world received attention from the first centuries, and many works were written in this field from the third century onwards. But with the Mongol invasion, there was a diversity in the writing of geography works, and Nazheh al-Qalub is the leader of this change of attitude. One of the most important of these changes is the replacement of Persian language instead of Arabic language and the shift from natural geography to human geography. In the traditional view, what was important was the effects of the land and natural events. In fact, the definition of the science of geography was supposed to be that geography is the science that talks about the earth's surface and natural phenomena and weather and deals with the mapping of the earth's surface features. became. As mentioned, this is not a completely new view, and by examining the works of geographers and geographers of the middle period in the history of Islamic Iran, the difference between these two fields in the thought of these thinkers is determined. Considering this claim, this research has engaged in the analysis of Hamdullah Mostofi's opinions in the field of human geography with a descriptive and analytical method, and has been devoted to the explanation of the characteristics of his thought in Nazheh al-Qulob.