فصلنامه توسعه کارآفرینی
سال پانزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 58، زمستان 1401)

Accelerator centers are formed to support startups by shortening the distance between the idea and market entry, and the services provided by them have a positive effect on the functions of startups. However, the inability of some startups to exit accelerators on time calls the performance of such centers into question. This, as well as other factors influencing the relationship between services provided in accelerators and startup exits from accelerators, have not been studied in previous studies. Given the importance of the subject under consideration, the present study sought to identify drivers of successful startup exits with entrepreneurial orientation. This applied research collected data in a descriptive-survey manner. Data were gathered through the use of researcher-created questionnaires, and statistical samples consisted of startups that used the services of IT accelerators. The data generated in this study , collected 2022 , was analyzed using structural equations modelling and smart PLS3. Cronbach's alpha for all structures was greater than 0.7, and the extracted average was greater than 0.5, confirming the structures' reliability and validity. Path analysis was used to analyze research hypotheses, and the t-statistic of the hypotheses was greater than 1.96 and the significance level was less than 0.05, indicating that the hypotheses were confirmed.

The aim of this study was to design a conceptual model of barriers to business coaching development in the Iranian market based on the approach of Strauss and Cobain (1989). In order to collect information, semi-structured in-depth interview tools were used and the theoretical saturation of the findings was obtained in the twentieth interview. Data analysis was performed by grounded theory method using open, centralized and selective coding. The statistical population in this study included all experts and holders of international business coaching certificates across the country that participants were selected by purposive sampling (snowball type). In order to observe the qualitative characteristics of the research, three criteria of acceptability, verifiability and reliability were used and the results of this study were presented to the experts participating in the research and approved by them. The research findings indicate that there are five serious challenges in the development of the emerging business coaching industry in the country, which include: challenges related to conceptualization, cultural and social challenges, legal challenges, challenges Are management and training challenges that if we look at each of these challenges as an opportunity, certainly with the right programs and solutions can provide a good platform for the development of business coaching. Finally, strategies and final model based on research findings are presented.

The development of small and medium-sized businesses is an important factor in the economic development of countries, and all economists agree on the importance of this issue in the prosperity of production and economic growth. However, despite the great importance of these businesses in the economy, their lack of proper access to financial resources is recognized as one of the most important obstacles to the growth of this type of business. There are different ways to finance small and medium-sized businesses, but due to the bank-based structure of the Iranian economy and the lack of development of alternative financial instruments, banks still play a pivotal role in financing these businesses. The main issue of this research is to provide solutions to facilitate the access of small and medium businesses to Iranian banking services and then prioritize these strategies. The present study is descriptive-survey based on the applied purpose and based on the data collection method. In the present study, while examining global experiences and scientific resources related to the subject and also using the opinion of banking and entrepreneurship experts, 38 strategies to improve the access of small and medium businesses to banking services were identified and analyzed by content analysis method, then by TOPSIS method Were prioritized.

The present study seeks to answer the fundamental question of how an entrepreneurial business uses marketing as a tool for development in a situation where there is no market for it yet or when it is in various stages of growth. To take. The research approach is qualitative and is exploratory in terms of nature and applied in terms of purpose. In this research, phenomenological research strategy has been used and the data collection tool has been in-depth interview. The statistical population of this study is Iranian entrepreneurs active in the field of electronic startups until the end of September 1400 and purposive sampling method has been used. A total of 8 in-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted and data collected. Finally, 51 categories have been identified and categorized in the form of 5 main themes. According to the results of the present study, the set of activities that entrepreneurs perform in each stage of their business life in the face of the market will be different. The above differences can be seen in how market opportunities are discovered, marketing goals, available resources, target market selection and marketing mix composition. The result is that entrepreneurs in the face of the market and even earlier when deciding on their product or service to introduce to the market according to their knowledge, assets and abilities.

The aim of this study is to design a rural small business development model with an entrepreneurial approach. The statistical population of the study includes academic experts in the field of entrepreneurship and rural business as well as entrepreneurship project managers and officials and policy makers of job creation in rural areas. The statistical sample was selected by a purposeful judgment method of 16 people. Data collection tools included library studies and semi-structured interviews with experts. The validity of the interview questions was confirmed by the content method and its reliability was confirmed by the retest method (0.882). Data analysis was performed with a qualitative approach using data-based theorizing method and the coding process was performed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Based on this, each component of the coding paradigm was described and the model of rural small business development was drawn, and at the end, a theory based on six propositional theorems was created. Based on the calculated model, causal conditions (including private and general conditions of rural entrepreneurship), central category (rural entrepreneurship process), platform makers (including structures and enablers of rural small business development), contextual conditions (including physical, social and economic environment), strategies (soft and hard strategies for rural small business development), and consequences (including local and transnational consequences of rural small business development) were explained in a paradigm model and finally the relationships between them were drawn in a selected model.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of social identity with social capital and social entrepreneurship in physical education students. The present research is applied research and the research method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was students of physical education and sports sciences of Tehran universities in the academic year 2020-2021. 254 students were selected as a sample by the Morgan table. Participants completed the Social Capital Questionnaire (2000), Social Identity Questionnaire (2011), and Social Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (2011). In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics and structural equation model (SEM) were used using SPSS/24 and Smart PLS/3 software. Results showed that social identity has a positive and significant relationship with social entrepreneurship and social capital (p<0.05) also, social capital has a positive and significant relationship with social entrepreneurship (p<0.05). GOF index was used to fit the model, which showed that the present study has a good fit (GOF = 0.66). Therefore, one of the factors affecting social entrepreneurship is social identity. Social entrepreneurship can be enhanced by strengthening social identity, and social entrepreneurship and students' social identity can be strengthened by improving social capital in physical education students.

The main purpose is to analyze social entrepreneurship by presenting a multi-objective model of a multi-level supply chain of blood products. The present research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive in nature, and quantitative in terms of gathering information. The studied community of new local bases, mobile bases as well as transportation equipment for the effective and timely transfer of blood products to the candidate provincial centers of the country in the time domain of 1400 is collected. In order to minimize the costs of the entire supply chain network and maximize the attractiveness of the transmission centers, the proposed mixed integer two-objective mathematical model was designed and carried out by epsilon constraint method with coding in GAMS24.1.2 software. The results showed that increasing the number of blood donation sites, facility capacity and attractiveness leads to improving the attractiveness and performance of the supply chain of blood products.

Iran has seen significant growth in the amount and number of financing methods over the past few years. However, no significant research has been conducted on the differences in methods related to the financing chain of technology and knowledge-based units in the Iranian ecosystem. For this purpose, the present research has been carried out with the aim of developing a suitable model of financing methods and ranking its criteria in Iran. This study is a mixed-exploratoryinvestigation in terms of its nature and practical in terms of purpose. In the first step, semi-structured interviews with science and technology parks were conducted in order to identify the existing structures for attracting financial resources, and in the next step, using the hierarchical analysis process, these methods were ranked. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed among entrepreneurs and experts who were active in the field of financing in 2021, and the obtained data were analyzed and the weight of each method was determined. The results support the main proposition that among the factors related to financing tools, smart money and future growth and development have the greatest impact on decision making. Also, entrepreneurs in Iran use facilities with hard commitments and supportive rates, and facilities with soft commitment and market rates as the first and second priority sources of financing. In addition, Equity-based financing has the lowest priority for financing.

Service ecosystem is a broad concept that has been considered by researchers in the last decade, but little effort has been made to conceptualize it so far. The purpose of this research is to expand the understanding of service ecosystem research fields. Also, it is the recognition of the knowledge base of service ecosystems that can be useful for policy makers and researchers. The methodology is one of the systematic review qualitative research methods, namely the bibliometric analysis method, which has been used. This research is classified as descriptive research; Because the purpose of bibliometric research is to describe and expand the scope of knowledge. Data collection is done using quantitative and qualitative tools such as co-citation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis with the help of BibExcel software. The studied community is the Scopus information resource system, which has been considered from the beginning of 2004 to the end of 2021. The research findings show the conceptual development of issues in service ecosystems over time by providing a conceptual framework that has received little attention so far. These concepts include service ecosystem Antecedents (prior experience, user attitude, and service readiness), service ecosystem levels (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem), and finally, service ecosystem outcomes (social approaches, systematic value co-creation, and performance) that propose a forward-looking research framework for policy-makers, and researchers.

Innovation intermediary entrepreneurs have a critical role in all key players interactions network in the innovation system. These entrepreneurs are well known in transferring technological knowledge and building optimum bridge between supply and demand. However emphasizing the special position of innovation intermediaries in developed countries, in Iran we are facing with deep technological gap in the country and many other innovative processes challenges due to Geopolitical and economic challenges. This research aims to investigate the influencing factors in the innovation mediator’s roles and responsibilities in the open innovation platform and aims to find solutions, helping innovation entrepreneurs could have a successful and valuable activity and function in the country. The goal of this research is looking fundamentally to the points which using the qualitative method (Grounded Theory), with semi-structured in-depth technical interview with 12 experts in this field and 10 mediating innovation companies .Then in next step, analyzing  those data’s and  reaching the theoretical saturation point, with the use of open, axial and selective coding. The resulting paradigm model was determined based on the central phenomenon (innovation mediation function), affected by the fundamental condition, background conditions and intervening variables. The results of this research are divided in six main indicators including: the systematic innovation structure, the interaction network of policy-makers and facilitating institutions, the maturity of innovation thinking, the awareness of industry managers in innovation activities, competitiveness in technology and the ability of intermediaries and in the last, identified the innovator capabilities.