نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال یازدهم شماره 10 (پیاپی 79، دی 1401)

The aim of the current research study was to determine the effectiveness of working memory intervention on behavioral inhibition and visual working memory in children with symptoms of attention-deficit/impulsivity disorder in Selseleh city. The method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all boy students of 8-12 years old elementary schools in Selsele city in the academic year 2021-2022. using a multi-stage sampling method, 34 students from 8-12 years old elementary school with inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as the final sample and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups of 17 people. Then, the experimental group participated in 50-minute sessions of Captain Log's working memory intervention for 13 weeks. It should be noted Before and after the intervention sessions, Both experimental and control groups answered the subscales of behavioral inhibition and visual working memory of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB; Fray & et al, 1996). The MANCOVA results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test in the variables of working memory and behavior inhibition there is a significant difference between the post-test average in the experimental group and the control one (P<0.001). It can be said based on the findings, working memory intervention was effective in improving behavior inhibition and visual working memory in children.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of family interactions in the formation of students’ resilience by adopting the qualitative approach using phenomenology. The population of the study included all male students of junior high schools in Sabzevar, Iran, during the 2021-22 academic year. The participants were selected using the logic of Targeted Sampling and convenience sampling method. Semi-structured interviews with 12 students continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and the data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. The analysis of the data produced by the interviews on the role of family interactions in the formation of students’ resilience resulted in the identification of 58 subcomponents and 6 main components including effective verbal interactions, effective emotional interactions, effective methods of family management, effective communicative networks, nurturing life skills by parents, and families’ cultural-spiritual interactions. The findings of the study enriched insights concerning the role of family interactions in the formation of students’ resilience and provided the necessary context for the development of practical educational programs to increase students’ resilience.

Sexuality education is a challenging issue to address in Iran. This research has reviewed the previous studies to answer two fundamental questions: 1) What kind of studies have been conducted on adolescents’ sexuality education in Iran? 2) What are the existing research gaps in the undertaken studies? The present research was carried out based on the PRISMA systematic review protocol and considered all the indexed research in reliable Iranian databases including Magiran, Sivilica, Noormags, Elmnet, and SID which addressed the sexuality education of Iranian adolescents from 1385 to 1401. Out of 161 initial articles, 17 articles were included in the study. The results showed four categories in conducted studies: 1) documentary research mainly based on religious texts which have emphasized chastity and abstinence before marriage, 2) research based on experts’ opinions that have recommended the implementation of adolescents’ sexuality education, and mentioned some existing barriers in this regard, 3) research based on parents’ points of view, which has studied parental problems regarding sexual education of their children, and 4) a few studies based on adolescents’ answers to some questionnaires. The research gap in previous studies is the neglect of adolescents and their educational needs. There is no qualitative research based on recognizing the current generation’s phenomenological world. It seems necessary to design relevant studies to hear adolescents’ voices in order to prepare the appropriate sexuality education program for them.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional schemas in the relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma with a tendency to extramarital relationships. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all married students of Guilan University in the academic year 1399-1400, which included 2061 people, and 246 of them entered the study by the available sampling method. Research instruments included the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS, Collins and Reid, 1996), abbreviated childhood trauma Questionnaire (CTQ, Bernstein et al, 2003), Attitudes Towards Extramarital Relationships Scale (ATERS, Watley, 2006), and Emotional Schemas Scale (LESS, Leahy, 2002). A structural equation modeling method in the form of path analysis was used for data analysis. The results showed that the proposed research model has a good fit. Bootstrap results also showed that the indirect path of secure attachment style with a tendency towards extramarital relationships through adaptive and maladaptive emotional schemas was significant (P<0/05). The indirect path of ambivalent-anxious attachment style with a tendency towards extramarital relationships through adaptive and maladaptive emotional schemas was significant (P<0/01). The indirect path of childhood trauma with a tendency towards extramarital relationships through adaptive emotional schemas was significant (P<0/05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that emotional schemas play a mediating role between attachment styles and childhood trauma with a tendency towards extramarital relationships,  and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in prevention and counseling programs.

The present study was conducted to assess the feasibility of education based on individual, family, and school factors on social skills and anger control in students. This research was semi-experimental with a pretest-post-test research design with a control group. The study population included high school students (all male students in Harsin county in the academic year 2021-2022). 30 students of a school were selected by purposeful sampling and were replaced into two experimental and control groups (an experimental group of 15 participants, and a control group of 15 participants). Then Matson Social Skills Questionnaire (MESSY) (Matson et al., 1983), and Anger Control Skill (PACT) (Hajti et al., 2017) were completed by two groups. The experimental group was trained for 10 sessions on beliefs about aggression, empathy, school climate, and school attachment, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The results of covariance analysis show a significant difference between the post-test scores of social skills (P<0.0001 and F=61.48) and anger control (P<0.0001 and F=172.69) of the two experimental and control groups. Based on the research results, it can be said that the training package based on individual, family, and school factors is a suitable intervention method to increase the social skills and anger control of male students.

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of communication skills in the relationship between personality traits and high-risk use of the Internet in the Farhangian University of Semnan students. The research was done by analytical method and structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all undergraduate students of Farhangian University of Semnan in the academic year of 2019-2020, numbering 750 people, out of which 275 people were selected by the available sampling method. To collect data from the Queendom Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSQ) (2004), Costa and McGarry's Five Personality Factors (FPQ) (2004), and the High-Risk Internet Use Screening Scale of Jelenchik & et al (QHUI) (2014) used. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used. The results of the research showed that the direct effects of personality traits on high-risk use of the Internet were significant (p<0.001). On the other hand, the indirect effect of personality traits on high-risk use of the Internet with the mediation of communication skills was significant (p<0.001). The goodness of fit indices also indicated the appropriate fit of the model. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that personality traits through the mediation of communication skills can explain the model of high-risk use of the Internet.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between family communication patterns and personal responsibility in adolescents. The present study is basic research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female students in the second secondary school in Tehran from Allameh Shearani sample school for boys in region 2 and Nikan sample school for girls in region 2 in 2022, among them, 300 people were selected as a sample using an available sampling method. Research questionnaires included: The personal Responsibility Scale (PRSA, Mergler & Shield, 2016), the Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (FCP, Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002), and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ, Bradberry & Greaves, 2005). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The results of the SEM indicated that the model fit in well. The findings showed that conversation orientation and conformity orientation with emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence had a direct relationship with personal responsibility (p< 0.001). Also, conversation orientation and conformity orientation could indirectly predict personal responsibility in adolescents through emotional intelligence (p<0.001). It can be concluded that family communication patterns & emotional intelligence play a key role in adolescents' personal responsibility, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interacting with each other in personal responsibility promotion programs.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of film therapy on communication patterns and expressing positive feelings to spouses among couples with marital conflicts. This research utilized a pre-test and post-test experimental design with a control group and in this study, the study population was all couples referred to Valiasr Neighborhood in Tehran in the year 2019 who were selected according to inclusion criteria of 16 couples and were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (8 couples each). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 2-hour film therapy in 8 weeks and the control group did not receive any psychological intervention during this period. The participants were evaluated by Oleary et al.'s (1983) Positive Feelings Questionnaire and Christensen and Sullaway's (1984) communication patterns Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance test. The findings showed a significant difference between the two groups in communication patterns and expressing positive feelings to the spouse in the post-test stage (P<0.05). From the above findings, it can be concluded that film therapy effectively improves communication patterns and positive feelings towards spouses in couples with marital conflicts.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the clarity, regulation, and processing of emotion in predicting readiness for treatment in women with cancer. This descriptive research was correlational. The statistical population of this research included all women referred to the Imam Hospital in Aderbil city in 2018. The research sample included 200 women with cancer, who were selected and studied by purposive sampling. In order to measure the research variables, the Transpersonal Treatment Readiness Questionnaire (TMMS, Salovey et al., 1995), the Short Version Cognitive Regulation of Emotion Questionnaire (CERQ, Garanevsky et al., 2001), and the short form of the Emotion Processing Scale (EPS, Bakker et al. et al., 2007) were used. Research data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression methods. The results of the research showed that there is a relationship between the clarity, regulation, and processing of emotion with the readiness for treatment (P<0.05), on the other hand, the results of the multiple regression analysis showed that 45% of the readiness for treatment in women was determined by the predictor variables of emotional clarity. emotional regulation and emotional processing are explained. These findings indicate that emotion regulation and emotional management play a very important role in predicting readiness for treatment in women with cancer.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying factors affecting marital satisfaction in Iranian unmarried couples. The qualitative research method was the type of foundation data. The statistical population included all Setp family couples living in Mashhad in 2021. 21 couples (42 people) who had the conditions to participate in the interview were selected as a statistical sample using the purposeful sampling method (with voluntary selection), taking into account the theoretical saturation point. The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview. In the current research, MAX QDA software was used to analyze the data using the grounded theory method with categories coding and SPSS software to determine the kappa coefficient. Based on the findings, the communication skills of couples were identified as the main factor in the marital satisfaction of Iranian Setp family couples. Also, other causal factors in the marital satisfaction of Setp family couples include: the manner and motivation of marriage, mental and physical health, the level of commitment of the couple to each other, the level of satisfaction with the sexual relationship, the level of the ability of the couple in role-taking, emotional, behavioral and personality factors of the couple agree on It was about raising children and how to establish a relationship with them. Understanding and identifying factors affecting marital satisfaction in Iranian unmarried couples can be considered as a model and a path for couples, especially couples about to remarry, and ultimately help the health of society.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of emotionally focused therapy (eft) on nightmares and emotional instability in people with borderline personality disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of the research was all patients with borderline personality disorder who were referred to a neuropsychiatric clinic in Yazd in 1401. Among them, 40 qualified volunteers were included in the study by Purposive sampling based on the entry and exit criteria of the research and then the people were randomly replaced into two experimental (20 people) and control (20 people) groups. The experimental group received 12 sessions of emotionally focused therapy, while the control group remained on the waiting list. The research tools included Schizotypal Trait questionnaire-Bform(STB) (Jackson & Claridge, 1991), Disturbing Dreams and Nightmares Severity Index (DDNSI) (Krakow, 2002), and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) (Gratz & Roemer, 2004). The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that after controlling for the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the variables of nightmares and emotional instability in the post-test stage (P <0.001, F=53). based on the findings of this research, it is concluded that emotionally focused therapy is effective in improving nightmares and emotional instability of people with a borderline personality disorder.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of teaching skills based on an emotion-oriented approach to anxiety sensitivity and controlling the emotions of women affected by extramarital relationships. This research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test, and control group with a follow-up phase for two months. The statistical population included all women affected by extramarital relationships who had been referred to psychological clinics and specialized marriage centers (under the welfare organization) in Tehran in order to use psychological services in 2021-2022. The statistical sample included 30 of these women who were selected as available. Then, 15 people were randomly replaced in the control group and 15 people in the experimental group. The intervention group received skills training based on an emotion-oriented approach during 8 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The data were collected using Floyd et al.'s anxiety sensitivity scale (ASI) (2005) and Williams et al.'s emotion control scale (ACQ) (1997) and analyzed by variance analysis with repeated measures. The results showed that the training of skills based on the emotion-oriented approach is effective in reducing anxiety sensitivity and increasing emotion control (P<0.05), which reported 54.7% of anxiety sensitivity and 85.4% of emotion control. It can be concluded that this intervention was able to reduce anxiety sensitivity and increase the control of emotions to a large extent, and therefore can be used in the treatment of psychological injuries caused by extramarital relationships.

The present research aimed to design a model of marital procrastination based on the quality of sexual life and marital conflict with the mediation of the psychological well-being of women applicants for divorce in Ahvaz. The research design was correlational research of the path analysis type. The statistical population includes all women who applied for divorce in Ahvaz and were referred to the divorce courts and legal aid centers in the second 6 months of 2021. For this purpose, 250 people from the statistical population were selected as a sample by the purposeful sampling method. To collect data from the Marital Procrastination Questionnaire(MPQ) (Ghorbani Nejad, 2011), the Marital Conflict Questionnaire(MCQ) (Samani, 2006), the Sexual Quality Of Life-Female Questionnaire(SQOL-F) (Simond et al., 2005) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) (Reif & Keyes, 1995) were used.  For analysis data, path analysis was used. The results showed that the model has a flattering fit. Also, the quality of sexual life, marital conflict, and psychological well-being directly affect the marital procrastination of women applying for a divorce. The results indicate an indirect relationship between the quality of sexual life and marital conflict on marital procrastination with the mediation of the psychological well-being of women seeking a divorce. It should be noted that the acceptable significance level to confirm or reject the hypotheses was also considered P<0. 05. Therefore, paying attention to the quality of sexual life, marital conflict, and psychological well-being is very important in order to reduce marital procrastination.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of online resilience group training on the desire for divorce, forgiveness, hope, and cognitive flexibility in women with experience of marital infidelity. The research method was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with the control group. The statistical population of the study included women with experience of marital infidelity in Isfahan and referring to counseling centers in 1400. 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group) and responded to the Divorce Tendency Scale (Rusbult et al, 1986), the Forgiveness Questionnaire (Mullet et al, 2003), the Life Expectancy Questionnaire (Snyder et al, 1991), and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (Dennis et al, 2010). For the experimental group, resilience training was held in 10 sessions of one hour and once a week. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The findings showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there is a significant difference between the post-test average of the two experimental and control groups in the variables of desire for divorce (F=5/73, P=0/026) and cognitive flexibility (F=9/57, P=0/005), but there is no significant difference in the variables of forgiveness (F=2/22, P=0/150) and hope (F=3/19, P=0/087). Based on this, it can be concluded that the resilience online group intervention was effective in the desire for divorce and cognitive flexibility.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of sexual intelligence training on erectile function and marital adjustment of male couples. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples (men) with symptoms of sexual dysfunction who had been referred to counseling centers in Naqdeh city in 2020, Using the purposeful sampling method, 40 people were selected and randomly placed in two groups of 20 people. In this research, the experimental group received sexual intelligence training and received two sessions per week in the form of nine 45-minute sessions. Also, the participants completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF, Rosen et al., 1999) and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS, Graham Spanier, 1976) before and after the training. The results of mixed variance analysis with repeated measures showed that sexual intelligence training had an effect on sexual performance (F = +172.359, p = 0.001) and marital adjustment (F = 130.690, p = 0.001), and this effect remained stable during the follow-up period. According to the findings of the present study, it seems that the role of sexual intelligence courses in reducing erectile dysfunction and increasing marital adjustment of men should be considered.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting the marital adjustment of couples based on basic psychological needs and narcissism. The method of the current research was a correlational description. The statistical population included all married students of the Azad University of Electronics Department and Tehran Center Department in the academic year 2021-2022. For this purpose, 223 students were selected by the available sampling method and responded to Spanier's dyadic adjustment scale (DAS) (1976), Desi and Ryan's basic psychological needs scale (BPNS) (2001), and narcissistic personality scale (NPS) Raskin ana  Tery (1988). The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between autonomy, communication, competence, and marital compatibility of couples (p<0.05), but there is no significant relationship between narcissism and marital compatibility (p>0.05). Also, the results of regression analysis showed that basic psychological needs explain about 0.22% of the variance of the dependent variable. Based on the findings, it can be said that basic psychological needs, especially autonomy, play an essential role in the marital compatibility of couples.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of online intensive short-term psychotherapy (ISTDP) and existential therapy on the defense mechanisms of psychiatric patients in the counseling center of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran. This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest and a two-month follow-up with a control group design. The statistical population of the present study included all psychiatric patients who were referred to the counseling and psychology centers of this hospital in 2021. A total of 45 people who met the inclusion criteria were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups dynamic psychotherapy, presence therapy, and control. The research instrument included Anders et al.'s (1993) Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), which was completed by all three groups in three stages, pretest-posttest, and two-month follow-up. Psychodynamic and existential therapy protocols were also performed in the experimental groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance using SPSSV19 software. The results of the analysis of variance of repeated measurements showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in defense mechanisms (P<0.01) and online psychodynamic therapy compared to existential therapy improved the developed defense mechanisms and immature defense mechanisms and disturbed defense mechanisms. Finally, based on the results of this research, it can be said that short-term online psychodynamic therapy is more effective than existential therapy on defense mechanisms, and therefore introducing this model to counselors, psychologists, therapists, researchers, and other specialists is so helpful undoubtedly.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the unified trans-diagnostic treatment on emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, and sleep quality in people with post-traumatic stress disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and control group with 2-month and 4-month follow-up periods. The statistical population included all patients referred to psychological counseling centers in Kermanshah in the years 1399-1400 with post-traumatic stress disorder, from which 40 people were selected in an accessible and purposeful manner and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. In order to collect data from the  Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) by Gross and john (2003), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory-3 (ASI-3) by Taylor & cox (1998), and Pitesbourg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) buysee et al (1989) were used. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results of the analysis showed that unified trans-diagnostic treatment led to a significant improvement in anxiety sensitivity, sleep quality, and emotion regulation in people suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (P<0/01). The examination of the follow-up periods showed that there was no significant difference between the follow-up and post-test periods (P>0/01). Therefore, this shows the persistence of the treatment effect over time. From the above findings, it can be concluded that unified transdiagnostic treatment can be used as an effective approach to modify and improve the psychological problems of people with post-traumatic stress disorder.

The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in relationship attachment and post-traumatic growth in patients recovering from Covid-19. The present study was a correlational study using structural equation analysis. The statistical population of the study included people who improved from Covid-19 and were active in virtual social networks in the year 2021. 204 people were selected as the sample by available sampling and online response methods. The research instruments included Tedeschi and Calhoun's (1996) posttraumatic growth inventory(PTGI) Hazan and Shaver's (1987)  adult attachment questionnaire (AAQ) and Raes et al. (2011) short form of the self‐compassion scale (SCS). Structural equation analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the direct effect of anxiety attachment (β = -0.02 and P=0.90) and avoidant attachment (β = 0.04 and P=0.43) on post-traumatic growth was not significant but the direct effect of secure attachment was significant (β = 0.34 and P= 0.01). The results also showed that the effect of security (β = 0.09 and P = 0.01), anxiety (β = -0.07 and P=0.01), and avoidance attachment (β = -0.10 and P=0.01) mediated by self-compassion was significant on post-traumatic growth. Finally, the results showed that the research model had a good fit. The results showed that self-compassion is a significant mediator of the relationship between attachment and post-traumatic growth in patients recovering from Covid-19, which can be considered in post-traumatic growth promotion training and interventions.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the causal relationship between students' relationship with school and participation in the epidemic period with the teacher-student mediation relationship. This research is fundamental in terms of purpose and correlational in terms of method. The research population consisted of all secondary school students in Rasht in 1401-1400, from which 524 people were selected as a sample. The instruments of this research include School Transplant Questionnaire (SBQ) by Rezaei Sharif et al. (2014), Participatory Questionnaire (CLQ) by Chow and Bowley (2007), and Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire (IT-SR) by Murray and Zwak (2011) Was. Data were analyzed using the structural equation method. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between student and school has a significant direct role in student participation (p <0.01). Also, the relationship between the student and the school has an important effect on participation indirectly and through the teacher-student relationship (p <0.01). Finally, the results of the model fit indicators showed that the proposed model has a good fit. As a result, the student-school bond plays a key role in the realization of participatory learning in the corona and e-learning courses, and the improvement of the teacher-student relationship can mediate this relationship.