نشریه یافته های تحقیقاتی در گیاهان زراعی و باغی
سال یازدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Cultivar Tolo (AN74) was originated from a cross made between Ali-Kazemi as a local and Nemat as an improved rice cultivars. A set of 45 pure rice breeding lines including AN74 was selected through preliminary observational evaluation of RILs populations, followed by an observational yield trial which was conducted in an augmented design in 2011. Later on, 11 selected lines including AN74 were evaluated in a replicated yield trial in 2012. Then, seven selected advanced promising lines including AN74 were tested in a multi location trial together with four check varieties including Nemat, Tarom-Mahalli, San-Huan-Zhan2 (SHZ2) and Shiroudi in four locations of Tonekabon, Amol, Babol and Behshahr in three consecutive years. Stability analysis through Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) indicated that Tolo (AN74) had relative general but specific adaptability to all and central parts, such as Amol and Babol in Mazandaran province. The main characteristics of Tolo cultivar are early maturity with days to 50% of flowering of 78 ± 5 days similar to Hashemi even few days earlier, short plant height of 87 ± 3 cm, a greater 1000 grain weight of 31 ± 1.1 gr, an average grain yield of 7500 ± 500 Kg.ha-1, high tolerance against stripe stem-borer through antixenosis and antibiosis mechanisms, resistant to blast pathogen isolates with 0~1 infection type, good cooking quality with amylose content of 23 ± 1% and good aroma. Hence, with such a valuable characteristics, it has high potential for cultivating in irrigated system, as well as systems with water shortage, short growing duration, mechanized harvesting, double rice cropping and ratooning.

The new barley cultivar Golchin was derived from cross between  P.sto/3/Lb.iran/Una80//Lignee640/4/Bllu/5/Petunia1 and Nik cultivar as female and male parents, respectively. The initial cross between parents of this cultivar and selection among segregating generations till achieving genetic purity were done in Cereal Research Department at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Karaj, Iran. Observational evaluations and preliminary and advanced yield trials were performed at Ahvaz, Darab, Zabol and Gonbad agricultural research stations and the desired line was selected according to its high yield, desirable agronomic characteristics and  comparison  with yields of the check cultivars. To evaluate grain yield stability of 17 pure lines selected from advanced experiment as well as Zahak/Sahra and Nimrooz as check cultivars were studied in Ahvaz, Darab, Zabol, Gonbad and Moghan agricultural researches stations in 2015-2017 cropping seasons. Selection of lines with desirable and stable grain yield was performed using the results of grain yield mean comparisons, Lin and Binns superiority coefficient and GGE biplot analysis. Line WB-94-3 (Golchin cultivar) with an average grain yield of 4311 and 4502 kgh-1 in south and north warm regions of Iran respectively, had 9% and 8% yield superiority over Zahak and Sahra check cultivars. According to the results it was determined that line WB-94-3 in addition to desirable performance and agronomic characteristics had general adaptability to the warm regions of the Iran and therefore was released as Golchin cultivar. Golchin is a six-rowed variety and exhibits lodging resistance and non-shattering rachis. The growth type of this cultivar is spring and its protein content is 11.3%. Golchin is earlier than commercial check cultivars and has high tolerance to salinity stress and moderate tolerance to drought stress. Its reaction to powdery mildew is in the range of semi-resistant to semi-sensitive.

Introduced early ripening cultivars and high quality, due economic importance it is one of the important goals of reform programs. Program for identification, evaluation and collection of cherry genotypes in Khorasan Razavi province, Mashhad, Tous cultivar was introduced for 20 years since 1998 with the implementation of 5 research projects through a selection of native genotypes. The results of more than a decade of research showed that Tous cultivar has a habit of extensive growth and moderate branching power. The beginning of flowering of Tous in the first week of April and is ready to be harvested in the fourth week of May. Pollination examination showed that this cultivar is self-incompatible. Dovomras and Siahmashhad recommended as suitable and compatible pollinator cultivars. Fruit weight Tous (6.2 gr) is higher than Adli (4.9 gr) and Delamarka (3.8 gr). Fruit tail length is one of the traits used in identifying cherry cultivars. Fruit tail length of Tous cultivar is (2.48 cm) shorter than Adli (3.72 cm) and Delamarka (3.63 cm) cultivars. The high fruit weight and the short length of the fruit tail of Tous cultivar are among the advantages of this cultivar which are expected to increase its economic value and more marketability.

A new durum wheat cultivar, Taban (DW-92-5) was initially introduced as a breeding line through 42ed International Durum Screening Nursery (42ed IDSN) received from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and was evaluated in two research stations of Dezful and Darab in warm agro-climate zone of Iran. In this step, DW-92-5 (Taban) was selected for the further studies based on its high grain yield (7492 kgha-1). This line with 6976 kgha-1 average grain yield was close to Behrang as a control cultivar with 7198 kgha-1 in the regional preliminary yield trial in 2011-2012 cropping season. Line DW-92-5 had an average grain yield of 7782 kgha-1 in the advanced yield trials and was selected for the further evaluations. The regional elite yield trials was conducted in four stations of Ahvaz, Darab, Dezful and Khorramabad in 2013-14 and 2014-15. This line with 6669 kgha-1 had 12% higher yield than Behrang check cultivar with grain yield of 5935 kgha-1 and was selected as superior line based on its grain yield and yield stability. Taban also has high quality of semolina, high protein content (13.2%). The results of on-farm trials showed that this cultivar exhibited a 12% and 13% higher grain than Shabrang and Behrang, respectively, as local checks in Sistan and Baloochestan province as well as a 2% and 18% higher grain yield compared to Behrang and Yavarous as local checks in Kerman province. In total, based on its high grain yield, yield stability, quality of semolina and its good level of resistance to yellow and leaf rusts, line DW-92-5 was released as a new durum wheat cultivar with the name of “Taban” for warm agro-climate zone of Iran.

Sepehr cultivar (line KS940144) was selected from common bean germplasm (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and in breeding experiments conducted from 2014 to 2018 was one of the top lines in the green pod yield. In 2014, 302 lines of common beans were studied the presence or absence of string in the pod, the number of pods per plant, and the shape and length of the pod in the research field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) and line KS940144 along with 24 other desirable and marketable lines were selected for preliminary yield comparison trial. In the summer of 2015, 25 lines were compared with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. In the spring of 2016, eight selected lines from the previous year were planted along with the commercial cultivars Sunray, Valentino and Contander. According to the results, all eight lines were selected for adaptability testing. To evaluate the adaptability and yield stability of the selected lines, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in three regions of Karaj, Sari and Zarghan during two years (2017 and 2018). Comparison of the average yield of green pods in the regions over two years showed that the line KS940144 had first rank for the green pod yield (17720 kgha-1). The yield difference of this line compared to Valentino and Sunray cultivars was more than 31% and 36%, respectively. In 2019, the results of yield evaluation of line KS940144 in comparison with Sunray cultivar in the conditions of farmers of Alborz, Mazandaran and Fars provinces showed that the average yield of line KS940144 (16355 kgha-1) was 11.77% higher than Sunray cultivar (14632 kgha-1). In 2020, the reaction of line KS940144 to BCMV virus disease was studied and this line was identified as a resistant line. Due to the high yield, excellent pod marketing and disease resistance to common bean mosaic virus, this line was released as Sepehr and is recommended for cultivation in cold, temperate and temperate-cold regions.

Kamal, is a new winter bread wheat cultivar developed by the national rainfed bread wheat breeding program for the cold and temperate dryland areas of Iran. New cultivar created by crossing between Sbn//Trm/k253 and 88Zhong218//Ctk/Vee/3/Kvz/Gv//Prl in Maragheh Research Station. Kamal was selected from segregating population from F2-F7 in Maragheh (2002-2008) based on agronomic characteristics. Based on results, Kamal grain yield means in preliminary and advanced regional yield trail was 2234 and 1719 kgha-1, respectively. Results of elite trail in cold and moderate research stations (2012-2015) showed that the grain yield mean of Kamal was 2120 and means of Azar2 and Ohadi cultivars were 2066 and 2083 kgha-1, respectively. Kamal cultivar in East Azerbaijan province was compared with conventional control cultivars in the farmer fields for 3 years and the results showed that the average grain yield of Kamal and checks were 2604 and 2230 kgha-1 respectively. Kamal is a winter type variety with time to heading of 143 days, 67 cm plant height, 40, gr. 1000 kernel weight, 11.4% protein content, 20 ml Zeleni numer, 41 degree of hardness, 27% wet gluten and 15 unit of gluten index. Results revealed that Kamal cultivar is tolerant to cold and drought stresses, with suitable earliness, and good bread quality but susceptible to yellow rust and leaf rust, this xultivar way and released in 2019 under the name of Kamal for cold and moderate cold dry areas of Iran.

The new maize hybrid,Paya,is the result of the cross K47/2-2-1-2-2-1-1-1×K18.The single cross hybrid Paya produced an average grain yield of 11.47t/ha in preliminary yield trial in four locations in 2013,10.58t/ha in semi-final grain yield trail in seven locations in 2014,10.96 t/ha in final grain yield trials in 13 locations during 2015 -2016,and 11.33t/ha in final yield trail in 10 locations during 2017-2018 which were superior compared toKSC704as check,with an average grain yield of 9.34,9.46,10.72 and 11.04t/ha (in preliminary yield trial in2013semi-final grain yield trail in2014,final grain yield trails during 2015-2016 and2017-2018,respectively).In on-farm experiments carried out in eight regions,the new hybrid with an average grain yield of9.98t/ha compared to the check cultivar KSC704 with an average grain yield of 8.50t/ha,both with 14% grain moisture,showed 17.46% higher grain yield.Based on the results of the final forage yield trials in five locations,the new maize hybrid with an average yield of80.1t/ha,compared to KSC704 with an average yield of 75.9t/ha,revealed 4.2t/ha yield increase during2017and2018 years.The relative forage value (RFV) in the new maize hybrid (250.7) was higher than the check hybrid KSC704 (179.5).Also,based on the results of on-farm experiments in three regions,the new hybrid with an average forage yield of 85.93 t/ha,showed a 13.26% increase in forage yield compared to the check cultivar KSC704 with a forage yield of 75.87 t/ha.Although the new maize hybrid was superior to the KSC704 in terms of yield,stability,and rate of grain moisture reduction after physiological maturity; its most important advantage was its relative resistance and less infection to common smut disease (with9.16%infection) compared to the susceptible hybrid KSC704(with22.30%infection)as one of the main problems of maize farms in the country.More ever,the response of the new maize hybrid and the check cultivar KSC704 to Fusarium ear rot disease is semi-resistant.In general,the new maize hybrid,Paya,is suitable for cultivation in Karaj,Shiraz,Mashhad,Kermanshah,Moghan,Miandoab,Dezful,Kerman and Jiroft.