International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research
Volume:11 Issue: 1, Winter 2023

 Rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) which is one of the most common species to infect wheat during storage. Low effectiveness of the chemical control strategy against this pest has been reported. Plant extracts either essential oils or powders have been reported to be an interesting source of new botanical pesticides due to their activity against various insect pests.

 The effect of leaf powders of Khella, Ammi majus (Family: Apiaceae) and Spearmint, Mentha microphylla (Family: Labiatae) against S. oryzae as well as the effect on germination was tested after six months of wheat storage compared with untreated wheat.

 The efficacy of A. majus and M. microphylla leaf powders as insecticides against rice weevil was differed depending on the type of plant, time, and dose. A. majus and M. microphylla leaf powders proved toxic to S. oryzae at 2.0, 5.0, and 8.0 g/10.0 g wheat grain, although they differed in their efficacy. At the end of six months of treatment, A. majus leaf powder at 8.0 g/10.0 g wheat grain considerably outperformed M. microphylla leaf powder in terms of mortality rate (80.59) and adult emergence inhibition (25.51%) of S. oryzae. The usage of the powders considerably reduced grain damage and rice weevil infestation after 180 days of treatment (≈six months), resulting in treated wheat grains germinating by more than 70% compared with untreated wheat grains by only 24%.

 Leaf powders of A. majus and M. microphylla protecting stored wheat grains from rice weevil infestation after six months of treatment, so they can be used as a potential control in IPM programs.

 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is a chemical compound that has been added to gasoline to decrease environmental pollutants and increase motor combustion efficiency. Despite the ban, this substance is still used in some countries. This research was conducted to study the sub-chronic effects of oral MTBE on body weight trends, food, and water consumption.

 Twenty male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups after the adaptation time. They received 0, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/kg body weight of MTBE by gavage. Body weight was measured for each rat every two days during 31 sequential days of MTBE treatment. Likewise, total food consumption (mg) and total water intake (ml) of each animal were recorded at the end of the experiment.

 Statistical analysis showed a significant decreasing trend for body weight in the 1600 mg/kg MTBE treatment group, as compared with the control group. However, no significant alteration was observed in the body weight trend in the other treatment groups.  No obvious difference was found in food consumption and water intake in all experimental groups compared with the control. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the results of the current study.

 The data collected from this study indicated that the administration of high doses of MTBE in male rats cause a significant decrease in body weight trends.

 Watermelon seeds have many nutrients, and watermelon seeds are also rich in fatty acids, proteins and minerals. Recently, the role of dietary fiber on health and nutrition has been highly considered. Lack of fiber increases the risk of diseases.

Materials:

 In this research, using watermelon rind and seed powder at specific levels as a source of dietary fiber and fat substitute in the formulation, the physicochemical, cooking, and sensory properties of the final product are investigated.

 No significant difference was observed in the control sample and the 4% watermelon peel powder sample. No significant difference was observed in the amount of moisture in different hamburger samples. In all the samples, with the increase in the replacement percentage, the protein also increased. The control sample has the highest amount of ash. The pH of the control sample was significantly lower than all the samples. In both samples, the pH was 4% more than the control. The control hamburger had the highest score (4.8) and the hamburgers containing 12% watermelon seed flour had the lowest color score (2.7) compared with the control sample.

 The results of the present research showed that the use of watermelon peel powder as a source of dietary fiber and watermelon seed powder in hamburger as a meat product can be used in the formulation of premium hamburger, and thus new products with significant nutritional value, properties produce an acceptable texture and feel.

Mastectomy is a method of treating breast cancer that is performed by surgically removing the breast and sometimes its adjacent tissues. In the past, radical mastectomy was the standard treatment for breast cancer, removing the entire breast, axillary lymph nodes, and some of the chest muscles below the breast, but surgical advances over the past 2 decades have given women more options than ever before. Less invasive breast-conserving treatments are available to many women. There are different types of mastectomies to deal with different medical conditions. Mastectomy can treat different types of breast cancer. Women who do not have cancer, but are at very high risk for breast cancer for any reason, may also have a mastectomy. This procedure may also be used as a cancer prevention method in people who are prone to breast cancer. Preventive mastectomy will reduce the risk of cancer by 90%.

Regarding the investigation of the factors related to the hospitalization of patients with Mucormycosis after being infected with Covid-19, several preliminary studies have been conducted in the hospital, but these studies were conducted in a small environment and have a smaller sample size. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review study is to examine the factors affecting the hospitalization of patients with mucormycosis after being infected with covid-19.

The current systematic review study was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines (preferred reporting items for systematic seviews and meta-analyses). For this study, the keywords "2019-nCoV", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronaviruses", "Hospitaliz", "Factor" and "Mucormycosis" in MagIran, SID, ISI, embase databases, ProQuest, PubMed, scopus were searched.

diabetes mellitus, old age, high body mass index, kidney disease, high blood pressure and smoking significantly increase the need for hospitalization in patients with mucormycosis after contracting covid-19.

The results of the present study showed that the risk of hospitalization due to Mucormycosis after the covid-19 disease is significantly related to obesity, old age and underlying diseases..

Mammoplasty is a process in which changes are made in the appearance of the breast with a variety of surgical interventions, which are performed in order to change the volume of the breasts and make them more beautiful, or for therapeutic purposes such as the treatment of neck pain. The purpose of doing this procedure is not only beauty and fitness. This operation can be done for therapeutic purposes and in order to achieve symmetry in the breasts or to eliminate neck pain, back pain, numbness or weakness in these areas that occur due to the weight of the breasts. Mammoplasty surgical incisions may be made in the brown halo of the breast and in a circular manner. Keyhole incision and inverted T incision are other types of mammoplasty incisions. After making these incisions, the surgeon removes the skin and extra breast tissue and corrects the shape of the breast. There are four common types of mammoplasty surgery, which include: augmentation mammoplasty, which aims to improve the appearance, size and contour of women's breasts, reduction mammoplasty, which aims to reduce breast size and treat complications caused by breast enlargement, and reconstructive mammoplasty, which aims to restore the breast in women. They look for breast cancer and mastopexy, which is done to treat sagging breasts. The real results of the mammoplasty operation show themselves about one to one and a half years after the surgery and these results will remain for the rest of the life.