Iranian Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology
Volume:14 Issue: 4, Autumn 2022

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing cassava pulp with cocoa pod and acacia leaf on the blood metabolites of WAD goats. Twenty-eight WAD bucks aged 5 months with the mean body weight of 7 ± 0.2 kg were used in this completely randomized experiment. The goats were randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments in different ratios of 0:60:40 (T1), 10:50:40 (T2), 20:40:40 (T3), 30:30:40 (T4), 40:20:40 (T5), 50:10:40 (T6), and 60:0:40 (T7) g/kg DM. The collected data were analyzed by the analysis of variance using SPSS. The obtained results showed that the highest PCV was obtained from treatment 1 (26.83%), followed by treatments 2 (23.40%) and 3 (22.27%). Haemoglobin concentration was the highest in treatment 1 (11.4 g/dl), followed by treatments 2 (11.15 g/dl) and 3 (10.37 g/dl).  At the end of the experiment, there was a sharp decline in the PCV and haemoglobin values of the goats in treatments 5, 6, and 7. RBC values significantly (p < 0.05) decreased as the levels of cocoa pod increased. Total protein and albumin had the ranges of 7.23-5 and 3.7-2.1 g/dl, respectively and and Total protein were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the groups. The hepatic enzymes ALT, ALP, and AST were within the normal range. Our study revealed that supplementing cassava pulp with cocoa pod and acacia leaf at the combinations of 0% cocoa pod, 60% cassava pulp, and 40% acacia leaf to 20% cocoa pod, 40% cassava pulp, and 40% acacia leaf had no negative effects on the blood profile of WAD goats.

It has been documented that hemodynamic disturbances occur in hypovolemic patients. Therefore, the early management of hypovolemia is essential to achieve optimal outcomes. Blood gas, which changes rapidly during hemodynamic instability, can be used as a diagnostic approach for monitoring emergency patients. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the results of resuscitation with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) or lactated Ringer's solution (LR) on venous and arterial blood gas. In addition, the difference between venous and arterial blood gas parameters is investigated to assess the possibility of using venous blood gas analysis as a successor for arterial blood gas analysis in the resuscitation of hypovolemic dogs. Venous and arterial pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3-, and base excess were analyzed at the end of each study stage as follow: 1) Establishment of anesthesia, 2) Blood collection to an arterial mean pressure of 40-50 mm Hg, 3) Maintaining dogs in a hypovolemic state, 4) Resuscitation with LR (group A) or HES (group B) in four steps, and 5) One hour after the final resuscitation step. Hypovolemia decreased the studied parameters, except venous PCO2, which showed a significant increase (p < 0.05). Fluid resuscitation returned the studied parameters to the control values as venous PCO2 in group A and HCO3- in group B showed a significant change in comparison with the control values (p < 0.05). We found that venous pH, HCO3-, and PCO2 can be used as less invasive and safer alternatives to similar arterial parameters to monitor the fluid resuscitation of hypovolemic dogs.

Experiments were performed to determine the effect of ergothioneine on rectal temperature and the serum concentrations of heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in stallions following a race of 2000 m in a hot-dry environment. Eighteen stallions weighing approximately 400 kg each were used for the experiment. They were divided into three groups of six stallions each. Group I (EEX) was the experimental group that was administered ergothioneine (0.5 mg/kg per os), while group II (EEC) did not receive ergothioneine before exercise. The third group (EEN) was neither administered ergothioneine nor exercised. The dry-bulb temperature and the relative humidity of the experiment were determined for six days and on the day of the experiment. The temperature-humidity index was also calculated. Rectal temperature, serum HSP-70, and TNF-α concentrations of all horses were measured before commencement, immediately after, and 2 h after the exercise. The dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity which showed diurnal fluctuations increased significantly (p < 0.05) between 06.00 h and 12.00 h (22.6 ± 1.23 and 38.6 ± 6.5, respectively). Serum TNF-α and HSP-70 levels of the stallions in the EEX group were higher than the values obtained in the EEC and EEN groups (p < 0.05). The values of rectal temperature obtained were lower (p < 0.05) in the EEX group than in the other groups. Therefore, it could be concluded that ergothioneine modulated rectal temperature, as well as TNF-α and HSP-70 concentrations in the stallions, and might be beneficial to horses during exercise.

The present study is an attempt to assess the protective and immunity effects of  Allium sativum in Oncorhynchus mykiss to acute exposure to copper .55 rainbow trout fish with an average weight of 51.20 ± 3.73 g were subjected to various densities of copper (0.02, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.4 mg/l). Under stable conditions, the lethal concentration of copper was detected to be 0.40 mg/l. The treatments included a control with no Cu or garlic treatment (T1), feeding with garlic additive and Cu exposure (T2), and exposure to a lethal dose of Cu with no garlic additive (T3).  The blood sample was used to designate hematological indices  such as white blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HB) mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils percent and Immunological indices (glucose, total protein, lysozyme, IgM). The results indicated significant differences among the treatments when the concentration of copper was increased (p < 0.05). According to the results obtained, there were noteworthy differences in MCV, MCHC, and HCT amongst the treatments (p < 0.05). The histopathological results indicated that the main lesions were hyperplasia and necrosis of epithelial cells (in gill), enlargement of Bowman's capsule and tubular degeneration (in kidney), hepatocytes necrosis (in liver) in all the fish. Pathologic severity signs in sampled tissues were increased by increasing in concentration and exposure times of copper sulphate However, the results revealed that the use of garlic in dietary can be beneficial to increasing fish resistance to copper.

Femoral fractures in cats are common and are usually treated using pins and wires, lag screws, intramedullary pins, as well as interlocking pins and plates. Among femur fractures, supracondylar femur fractures have an important place, and both proximal and distal femur fractures are more difficult than diaphyseal fractures. This study, which was conducted on 55 cats with the distal femur and supracondylar fractures, aimed to retrospectively evaluate the results of three different methods used traditionally. These methods were Rush pinning, cross pinning, and locked anatomic plates. Despite the disadvantages of each of the techniques, no problem was found in the application of either of them. No complications, including pin migration or plate and screw related complications, were encountered in the postoperative period. Functional improvement was achieved in all cats. As a result, it can be said that the method to be used in supracondylar fractures in cats varies according to the surgeon's preference and the orthopedic materials in his or her inventory. However, the anatomical locking plates may be preferred due to their advantages, such as not using bandages and starting to use the limb in the early postoperative period.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone with modulatory roles. The anti-inflammatory effect of this hormone has been reported on different animal tissues. Immediately after spinal cord injury (SCI), neuroinflammation causes neuropathic pain and locomotor impairments. We investigated the impacts of ABA as an anti-inflammatory substance on an acute SCI model. The weight-drop contusion injury model was applied for inducing SCI in rats. The solvent, ABA (10, 15 μg/rat, IT), and MP (30 mg/kg, IP) were administered after injury. For the evaluation of proinflammatory gene expression, a real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied for the two inflammation markers tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, the tail-flick and Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) tests were performed to determine the effects of ABA on the neuropathic pain and locomotor function in the chronic phase of injury, respectively. Our data showed that ABA reduced the gene expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the spinal cord of injured rats. It also increased the latency response to nociceptive thermal stimuli and improved locomotor function. Our findings showed the anti-inflammatory impacts of ABA in improving neuropathic pain and locomotor functional recovery after SCI.

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical manifestations and mycological features of feline dermatophytosis in a population of cats with suspected lesions of dermatophytosis at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Veterinary Teaching Hospital (northeast of Iran). Skin, hair, and nail samples from 122 clinically suspected cases of feline dermatophytosis were screened by direct microscopic examination. Of the 122 samples examined, 91 (74.59 %) were positive for fungal elements by direct microscopic examination, and 66 (54 %) were culture-positive for Microsporum canis. M. canis was the only dermatophyte species isolated from the cats. In the studied population, young cats (< 7 months) showed a statistically higher rate of M. canis infection than older animals (p < 0.001). The occurrence of dermatophytosis did not correlate with gender or the type of cats’ hair. The isolation rate of dermatophytes was relatively high in winter. However, the association between season and the dermatophyte inflation rate was not significant. The diagnostic value of microscopic examination proved to be high compared to fungal cultures as 64 of 66 samples that had positive M. canis culture were positive at microscopic examination. The agreement between culture and microscopic examination was moderate (k = 0.49). The information acquired in this study provides helpful insights into dermatophytoses in northern Iran highlighting the most important clinical and mycological features of skin mycoses in pet cats.